The document outlines the steps in a 5-Why report used to analyze product defects and determine their root causes. The steps include: 1) conducting an occurrence investigation; 2) analyzing the investigation to identify root causes using a 4M (man, machine, material, method) approach; 3) developing countermeasures to address the root causes; 4) evaluating the effectiveness of the countermeasures; and 5) horizontally deploying the improvements across other relevant operations. The goal is to identify and address root causes in order to prevent future recurrences of defects.