This document provides information about cleaning and various cleaning agents. It discusses why cleaning is important for prevention of disease and safety. It describes factors that influence cleaning standards like surface material and condition. Various types of cleaning agents are defined including water, acids, alkalis, polishes, soaps, detergents, and abrasives. The document explains how different cleaning agents work and criteria for selecting agents based on the job. Storage and inventory control of cleaning agents is also covered.

1. Cleaning
DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,
ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com ,
balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com

2. Why do we need to clean areas?
 Prevention of the spread of infection and
disease
 Preservation of the surfaces, fittings and
furnishings
 Safety- minimise the risk of accidents

3. The standard of cleaning depends on
the following factors
 The design, materials and condition of the
surface to be cleaned
 Choice of cleaning agents and equipment
 Individual care and effort- much depends on
the training and supervision of staff

4. Cleaning will be effective if the combination of equipment,
materials and labour and the method selected, is correctly
used. All these factors depend on:
 Customer/ guest requirements
 Traffic and usage of the area
 Nature of surfaces
 Safety
 Materials used for the surfaces and finishes

5. Frequency of cleaning:
 The frequency depends on the standard
required and the degree of soiling. Can be
broadly classified as:
 Daily cleaning- sweep, mop etc.
 Weekly cleaning- polishing and buffing of
floors
 Periodic cleaning- washing the exterior
walls, cleaning curtains

6. How does a cleaning Agent clean?
A cleaning agent cleans by the following methods:
 Holding the dirt and carrying it away,
as a rinsing process
 Reacting with dirt, breaking it down, holding it in suspension
and carrying it away
 Dissolving the grease or other substances, which fix the dirt
(e.g addition of ammonia or methylated spirit to water for
washing )
 Emulsifying the grease and holding it in suspension together
with the dirt, to be removed

7. Cleaning Agent
Major requirement for cleaning is
1. Hygiene
2. Good appearance
3. Longer life of the surface

8. Surface to be Cleaned
1. Hard surface like floors, walls
2. Soft surface like curtains clothes.

9. Following are removed from the surface
 Dirt
2 types dust (loose particles) or oil (grease)
 Stains
This is a spot or decolorisation, when it comes in
contact with an external agent.
 Tarnish
This is decolorisation of metals, due to the
chemical reaction which take place when they
come in contact with external agents like water,
air etc.

10. Cleaning agents
Any agent that helps in the removal of soil is
called a cleaning agent. Cleaning agents may
be either natural or synthetically developed.
They are generally classified as: water,
detergents, abrasives, degreasers, acid
cleaners, organic solvents, and other
cleaning agents.

11. Various Types of Cleaning Agents
Glass
cleanser
Floor
sealers
Toilet
Cleanser
Deodorizers
Polishes Disinfectant
And
Bleaches
Organic
solvents
Reagents
Abrasive
Detergents
water
Cleaning
agents

12. Question for Assignment
 Do a market survey on 10 types of cleaning agents and
make a report on it keeping in mind the following.
composition of each
brand names
Used by where
For what purpose
 Report should be submitted within 15 days
 Failed will loose the marks
 Marks is 20
 There should not be any similarity

13. WATER
• It is a universal cleaning agent
• It is the simplest of all cleaning agent.
• Water alone is not effective cleanser
• To be effective in cleaning it must be
conjunction with other cleaning agents such as
detergent, soap and so on

14. Water may be hard or soft
Hard water is due to the presence of
Calcium & Magnesium ions which make it
unfavourable for cleaning
Hardness of water is of two types
Temporary & Permanent
Temporary hardness can be remove by heating
Permanent hardness can be remove by adding
certain chemical agents

15. Liquid Cleaning Agent
 Liquid cleaning agent can either be diluted in a
water or used directly with a dry cloth. e.g
 Ammonia
 Turpentine
 Vinegar
 HCL (hydrochloric acid )
 CCL4 (carbon tetra chloride)

16. ACIDS
 Acid clean by dissolving metal, thus
making it possible to clean metallic stains,
hard water deposits & tarnish on silver
and copper
 Mild acid like citric acid and acetic acid
clean mild stains
 Strong acid like oxalic acid & HCl clean
stubborn stains
 Through rinsing of the surface after use
 Acid must be used in a diluted form

17. ALKALIS
 Alkali are used as a grease emulsifier and to
remove stains
 They are available in flake, powder or liquid
form
 They are used in addition to surfactants
 They are used to clean the block
drains, ovens etc
 E.g bleach,

18. Polishes
 Polishes clean by producing shine by providing a
smooth surface from which light is reflected evenly
 They are available in the form of a cream, paste or
liquid
 Three categories are
Spirit based- used on metals & window panes
Oil based – used on painted wood, synthetic flooring &
leather
Water based- thermostat and rubber flooring

19. Types of Polish
Floor polish – consist of wax,
water & spirit
(after application water & spirit
evaporate giving a shine)
Furniture polish
Metal polish

20. Seals
 Seals form a non porous layer. They can be either water
based or resin based
Types of seals
 Oleo- resinous
These are made up of oils , resins, thinner 7 dryers
They are dark in colour & used on wooden floors which
take 10 days to dry
 One pot plastic
The main component is polyurethane, which does not
contain oil & used to clean wooden floors & dries fast

21.  Two pot plastic
It has one base & one hardener blended together
used on wooden floors
 Pigmented seal
It is used on concrete floors
 Water based seal.
It is cheap, easily available & therefore widely
used. It can be used on any floors except a
wooden floor.

22. Selection of sealer
 The of traffic in the area
 Availability type of floor
 The amount of the floor for future sealing
 Good fixing , durability, appearance, and anti- slip
qualities
 Ease of application, repair, removal, renewal
 Odour and fumes
 Drying time
 Shelf life
 Cost - effectiveness

23. Soaps
 Soaps are cleaning agents that are obtained
when fat or oil is treated with an alkali (the
process is called saponification)
caustic soda + fat ----- Soap + glycerol
Additives like dyes, perfumes etc are added to
increase the bulk of soap.

24. Types of soap
 Toilet soaps
used for washing and bathing
available in small to medium size cake
Soap Flakes
Dissolve easily and yield quicker suds than cakes.
Used for washing hands
Soap powder
Dissolve easily, contain large quantities of builder,
Good for used in washing machine

25. Detergents
 Detergent are cleaning agents, which when used
in conjunction with water can loosen and remove
dirt and then hold it in suspension so that the dirt
is not re- deposit on the clean surface

26. Properties of Detergent
 Good wetting power ( to lower the surface
tension of water and enable the surface to be
thoroughly wet)
 Good emulsifying power ( to break up the
grease and enable the dirt to be loosened)
 Good suspending power ( to suspend the dirt
in solution, thus preventing its re-deposit)

27. Properties
 Be readily soluble in water
 Be effective in all types of H20
 Be effective over wide range temperature
 Be harmless to article and skin
 Cleanse easily and quickly
 Easily rinsed away
 Be Bio- degradable

28. Ingredients
Detergent are complex compounds obtained
from organic synthesis of petroleum products.
They contain surfactants as their basic
ingredient which can be cationic or anionic.
Amphoteric (acidic and basic) builders like
sodium silicate or sodium carbonate

29. Additives of Detergent
 Water softener: to reduce the amount of detergent
used.
 Filling: it is used to add bulk to the product
 Bulking Agents ( to flow freely e.g.-sodium sulphate)
 Oxidizing Bleaches ( Removing Tea, coffee stains)
 Foam or lather stabiliser (ensure lather is maintained)
 Fluorescers (absorbs ultra violet light & maintain
whiteness)

30. Ingredients of detergent
 Enzymes (breaks down organic substances)
 Germicides (to kill germs)
 Perfumes ( fresh smell)
 Dye- stuffs ( maintain colour)
 Suspending agents ( to prevent Re-
deposition)
 Sequestering Agents (They disperse and
suspend dirt ) By inactivating the ion with a
sequestering agent, the other detergent
ingredients are better able to clean clothes

31. Selection of Detergent
 A detergent should
 Have good wetting, emulsifying
 Readily dissolve in water
 Cleans quickly with minimum agitation
 Be effective in all hard water
 Be effective over wide range of temp.
 Be harmless to skin
 Be easy to rinse
 Be biodegradable

32. ABRASIVE
 These are substance or
chemicals that depend
on their rubbing or
scratching action to
clean dirt and grit from
hard surface
 They are used to
remove very stubborn
stains on various
surfaces

33. Types of Abrasive
 Fine abrasive
 Medium abrasive
 Hard / coarse abrasive

34. Fine Abrasive
 These include precipitated whiting (filtered
chalk) and jeweller’s rouge (a pink oxide of
iron) used for shining silver
 They are also constitute of commercial silver
polishes

35. Medium Abrasive
 Rotten stone, scouring
powdered, salt, pumice
stone
 Scouring powdered is
made up of fine particles of
pumice mixed with
detergent, alkali, and little
bleach

36. Hard / Coarse Abrasive
 Bath bricks, sand
paper, steel wool,
emery paper

37. Glass Cleaner
 These are composed of an organic , water-
miscible solvent such as isopropyl alcohol
and a alkaline detergent. Some glass cleaner
also contain mild abrasive
 Glass cloth
 Methylated spirit
 Vinegar

38. DEODORIZERS
 It helps in the cleaning process by counteracting
stale odours and sometimes also introducing
fragrance to mask them
 Used in restroom, guestroom, guest
bathroom, cloakroom,
 They are available as aerosol
spray, liquid, powder, and crystalline blocks
 Eg naphthalene balls

39. TOILET CLEANSER
 These are strong , concentrated cleaning
agents design to clean and disinfectant WCs
and urinals
 They are available in liquid , powder, and
crystalline form
 They are acidic in nature to remove stubborn
stain

40. Some Common Cleaning Agents
 Ammonia Bath brick
 Benzene Borax
 Bran Fuller’s earth
 Hydrochloric acid Jeweller’s rouge
 Lemon Linseed oil
 Magnesia Methylated spirit
 Oxalic acid Paraffin oil
 Petrol Pumice

41. Common Cleaning Agent
 Rotten stone Common salt
 Sand Sawdust
 Shikakai Soda
 Steel wool Turpentine
 Vaseline Vinegar
 Whiting / precipitated whiting
Where all these cleaning agent used .

42. Selection of Cleaning Agents
 The type of soilage
 The type of surface
 Odour
 Range of action
 Composition of cleaning agent
 Ease of use, saving of effort & time
 No side effects
 Shelf life
 Packaging volumes & quantities
 Cost effectiveness

43. Storage of Cleaning Agents
 Ensure that the storage racks are
sturdy, heavier container should be kept on
the bottom shelf
 The store should be kept clean & well
ventilated at all times
 Label all containers with water proof marker
 Ensure that the lids are tightly secured
 Avoid spillage

44. Storage of cleaning agent
 When dispensing cleaning agents, use
appropriate dispenser and measuring apparatus
 Ensure that no residual deposits of cleaning
agent are left around the rims of the container
 Follow a systematic procedure for rotating stocks

45. Storage of cleaning agent
 Organic solvents, strong reagents,
polishes, and aerosol- based agents
should be kept away from heat sources
 Check the stock regularly
 The store should be kept locked when not
in use

46. STORE STOCK SHEET
S No Name of
item
Unit Stock in
hand
Stock
received
Total
stock
Less
issues
Book
stock
Actual
stock
Diff. in
stock
Sign of Housekeeper……….Sign of Housekeeper……….
Sign of Storekeeper……….

47. Issuing of Cleaning Agent
 Requisitioning
 Full for empty
 Topping up

48. Question for Assignment
 Do a market survey on 10 types of cleaning agents and
make a report on it keeping in mind the following.
composition of each
brand names
Used by where
For what purpose
 Report should be submitted within 15 days
 Failed will loose the marks
 Marks is 20
 There should not be any similarity

49. DESINGED BY
Sunil Kumar
Research Scholar/ Food Production Faculty
Institute of Hotel and Tourism Management,
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY,
ROHTAK
Haryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499
email: skihm86@yahoo.com ,
balhara86@gmail.com
linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumar
facebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar
webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com