The document discusses 4G mobile technologies, emphasizing the significance of mobile data rates, interactivity, and various standards and methods such as OFDMA and MIMO in enhancing communication systems. It also addresses cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access, detailing their roles in resource management and coexistence in wireless networks. Key advancements in mobile applications and network access methodologies are highlighted, showcasing the evolution from 2G to 4G systems.

1. 4G Mobile TechnologiesAn IEEE Comsoc Indonesia Chapter Lecture

2. @kuncoro

3. Mobile Communications

4. Critical Factors for Wireless Development

5. Web 2.0

6. Growth of Advanced Mobile Devices

7. Data Rate Requirements100INTERACTIVITY4G10EVDOSTREAMINGHSPAEVDO1EVDOMULTIMEDIAPeak data rate transmission (Mb/s)W-CDMA0.1MESSAGECDMA-1XEDGECDMA-20000.01GPRSGSM0.001

8. Data Rate vs MobilityFastLTE4GMediumMobileWiMAXSlow3G2010Fixed WiMAXMovableWLANHiperlan /2Stationary20000.1110100

9. 4G Mobile Technology

10. GSMUMTS WCDMAGPRSEDGEHSDPAHSUPAEVDO EVDVIS-95CDMA1xWiMAX

12. 4G Objectives

13. 4G Approaches

14. All-IP Network

15. ApplicationNetworkAPIServicesMobility MgmtResource MgmtQoS MgmtConvergence Sublayer2G3GWiMAX4GPhysicalLayered NGMN Architecture

16. Multiparty ConferencingResource SharingVirtual CollaborationBroadcastingGames….ApplicationServiceSIP Applications ServerParlay / OSA….SIPDiameterSessionControlI-CSCFP-CSCFHSSS-CSCFMGCFSIPH.248MGWAccessPSTNWiFi/WiMAXGPRSUMTS

17. ASS-CSCFHSSP-CSCFIMSIMSLainI-CSCFGGSNIMSLainIMS, Internet Multimedia SubsystemCSCF, Call Session Control Function (Serving, Proxy, Interrogating)GGSN, Gateway GPRS Support NodeSGSN, Serving GPRS Support NodeUTRAN, UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkUMTS, Universal Mobile Telecom SystemHSS, Home Subscriber ServerSGSNRNCUTRANIMS

18. AAAPDGS-CSCFHSSWiMAX CSNP-CSCFIMSI-CSCFGGSNIMSLainSGSNSFMSFAWiMAX ASNRNCIP ROUTERUTRANASNLain

19. BGCFMGCFBGCFMGCF3GPP2PDFMGWMGW3GPPS-CSCFMRFCP-CSCFS-CSCFMRFCP-CSCFMSUEASMRFPI-CSCFAAAASMRFPHSSI-CSCFData baseSLFPosition ServerPDE

20. IMS: EnhancedVoiceCharging FunctionSubscriber Profile FunctionSIPVideo PhoneCFCSSignalling FunctionApplication Policy FunctionSIPHTTPRTSPRTSP signal proxyVideo StreamingRTSPHTTP signal proxyHTTPTVQoS Policy & Media FunctionMedia Transfer FunctionRTPHTTPWeb

21. IPv6 Support

22. Cognitive Radio

23. Cognitive radio (CR), also related to software-defined radio (SDR), is a type of Radio in which communication systems are aware of their environment and internal state and can make decisions about their radio operating behavior based on that information and predefined objectives.Cognitive Radio

24. DSA & CR

25. IEEE 1900 is a suite to support cognitive radio (CR), dynamic spectrum access (DSA), and coexistence.Previous standards s.a. WiFi (802.11), Zigbee (802.15.4), and WiMAX (802.16) have included certain level of CR.CR will be related to dynamic spectrum access (DSA), which is the real-time adjustment of Spectrum Utilization in response to changing circumstances and objectives.The most interesting aspect is coexistence: resource selection to determine the type of wireless/mobile access.IEEE 1900

26. SCC41 Working Groups

27. Network ManagementMetropolitanShort-RangeCellularNetwork reconfiguration managementWiMAXWiMAX II(806.16m)WiFi(802.11g)WiFi NG(802.11m)3G4GDSA-enabledRadiosIEEEP1900.4P1900.4TerminalP1900.4TerminalLegacyterminalTerminal reconfiguration managementTerminal reconfiguration managementMultiplatform Portability

28. Access Scheme

29. New access schemes like Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Interleaved FDMA and Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) are gaining more importance for the next generation systems.WiMAX: OFDMALTE: OFDMA (downlink), IFDMA (uplink) The other important advantage of the above is that they require less complexity for equalization at the receiver. This is an added advantage especially in the MIMO environments since the spatial multiplexing transmission of MIMO systems inherently requires high complexity equalization at the receiver.In addition to improvements in these multiplexing systems, improved modulation techniques are being used. Whereas earlier standards largely used PSK, more efficient systems such as 64QAM are being proposed for use with the LTEAccess Scheme

30. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexingFDM in which sub-channels overlap without interferingOFDMSingle Carrier Transmission(WCDMA etc)5 MHzSubcarriersOrthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexinge.g. 5 MHz

31. Adaptable to severe channel conditions without complex equalization.Robust against narrow-band co-channel interference.Robust against intersymbol interference (ISI) and fading caused by multipath propagation.High spectral efficiency.Efficient implementation using FFTLow sensitivity to time synchronization errors.Facilitates Single Frequency Networks (SFNs), i.e. transmitter macrodiversity.OFDM Advantages

32. TDMA/FDMA operation = OFDMAFrequency sub-channels are composed of multiple, non-adjacent carriers OFDMA: Combining TDMA and FDMA

33. Multipath – The Challenge

34. OFDM modulates in parallel multiple narrow band sub-carriersMultipath duration becomes short relative to symbol durationPilot and guard sub-carriers are also insertedMultipath – The Solution

35. The sub-carriers are converted by IFFT to a time domain signalA guard interval (cyclic prefix) is added to collect multipathA long guard interval (GI) reduces efficiency but enhances multipath handling capabilityMultipath – The Solution

36. Narrowband Interference RejectionEasy to Avoid/Reject Narrowband Dominant Interference .Less Interfered Part of the Carrier Can Still Be Used .Interference Rejection/Avoidance

37. Using shaping on the signal peaksLimiting the PAPR to a constant value by vector reductionPAPR Reduction

38. Rectangular Spectrum Shape (Brick Wall)Small Frequency Guard bandSpectrum Properties

39. Spectrum Properties

40. In OFDM, channel impairment are solved in the same way Group Delays are solved, by Channel estimationGroup Delay

41. Phase Noise EffectsPhase Noise Effect on S.CPhase Noise Effect on OFDM

42. DuplexingFDDduplexseparationtfTDDguard periodtf

43. FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) uses one frequency for the downlink, and a second frequency for the uplink.TDD (Time Division Duplexing) uses the same frequency for the downlink and the uplink.In both configuration the access method is OFDMA/TDMA .Duplexing (cont’d)

44. Spatial Multiplexing

45. Multiple antenna technologies are emerging to achieve high rate, high reliability, and long range communications.Spatial multiplexing gained importance for its bandwidth conservation and power efficiency. It involves deploying multiple antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver. Independent streams can then be transmitted simultaneously from all the antennas. This increases the data rate into multiple folds with the number equal to minimum of the number of transmit and receive antennas. This is called MIMO (as a branch of intelligent antenna).Spatial Multiplexing

46. MIMO SystemTxRxy=Hx+n

47. MIMI Schemes

48. MIMO Techniques Comparison

49. MIMO Capabilities

50. Adaptive MIMO

51. Space Time CodingA space–time code (STC) is a method employed to improve the reliability of data transmission in wireless communication systems using multiple transmit antennas. STCs rely on transmitting multiple, redundant copies of a data stream to the receiver in the hope that at least some of them may survive the physical path between transmission and reception in a good enough state to allow reliable decoding.

52. Space Time CodingIFFTFilterDACRFTx Diversity EncoderIFFT Input PackingSubcarrier ModulationIFFTFilterDACRFDiversity CombinerSub channel DemodDecoderRFADCFilterFFT

53. Schedules & Candidates

54. ITU 4G Schedule

57. LTE & WiMAX II Terminologies

58. Context-AwareMobile Applications

59. Location (micro)Geo locationAvailable networkUser activityFeatures on deviceSpeed & directionFavourite placesBattery powerQoC

60. User-ContextUser:Interest

61. Device

62. Time

63. LocationAdminServiceNetworksPersonalisedServices

64. User layer(anywhere, anytime)PersonalServicePlatformUser experience managementServiceDiscoveryServiceCompositionPervasivenessContext ManagementConventionalServicePlatforme-Services2G3GLTEWiMAXNetwork access

65. Thank You

66. Kuncoro Wastuwibowo