The document discusses WiMAX II (IEEE 802.16m), which is an evolution of the WiMAX standard. It provides an overview of the 802.16m protocol stack and describes the functions of each layer, including radio resource control, mobility management, security management, medium access control, and the physical layer. The 802.16m standard aims to enhance key performance and functionality for 4G networks while maintaining backward compatibility with previous WiMAX standards.
Convergence of digital information has been initiated a couple decades ago. Practically, almost all networks have now been utilising Internet Protocol. However, networks, applications, and contents managements vary by the nature of service types: IMS, SDP, IPTV, etc. Should another convergence be arranged to unify the management of the entire network for optimal results?
This paper provides a high-level comparison
between LTE and WiMAX. The focus is on two primary areas: System Architecture and Physical Layer. The System Architecture describes the different functional elements in LTE and WiMAX and attempts to map similar functionality (such as mobility, security, access-gateway). We also compare and contrast the various aspects (such as transmission modes, duplexing types) of the physical layer.
Convergence of digital information has been initiated a couple decades ago. Practically, almost all networks have now been utilising Internet Protocol. However, networks, applications, and contents managements vary by the nature of service types: IMS, SDP, IPTV, etc. Should another convergence be arranged to unify the management of the entire network for optimal results?
This paper provides a high-level comparison
between LTE and WiMAX. The focus is on two primary areas: System Architecture and Physical Layer. The System Architecture describes the different functional elements in LTE and WiMAX and attempts to map similar functionality (such as mobility, security, access-gateway). We also compare and contrast the various aspects (such as transmission modes, duplexing types) of the physical layer.
The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance feels that 5G should be rolled out by 2020 to meet business and consumer demands. In addition to providing simply faster speeds, they predict that 5G networks also will need to meet new use cases such as the Internet of Things (internet connected devices) as well as broadcast-like services and lifeline communication in times of natural disaster. Although updated standards that define capabilities beyond those defined in the current 4G standards are under consideration, those new capabilities have been grouped under the current ITU-T 4G standards. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the spectrum for 5G, including the 28 Gigahertz, 37 GHz and 39 GHz bands, on July 14, 2016. 5G research and development also aims at improved support of machine to machine communication, also known as the Internet of things, aiming at lower cost, lower battery consumption and lower latency than 4G equipment. To put it simply, the use cases for 4G networks has expanded well beyond the initial scope of the standard. 5G is what you get when you reset the standard/design to cope with the increase in scope.4G networks don’t just support mobile devices anymore. IOT (Internet of Things) devices are everywhere and the number of them is only going to increase. We’re seeing 4G modems in smart watches, in CCTVs and even in doorbells.
The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance feels that 5G should be rolled out by 2020 to meet business and consumer demands. In addition to providing simply faster speeds, they predict that 5G networks also will need to meet new use cases such as the Internet of Things (internet connected devices) as well as broadcast-like services and lifeline communication in times of natural disaster. Although updated standards that define capabilities beyond those defined in the current 4G standards are under consideration, those new capabilities have been grouped under the current ITU-T 4G standards. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the spectrum for 5G, including the 28 Gigahertz, 37 GHz and 39 GHz bands, on July 14, 2016. 5G research and development also aims at improved support of machine to machine communication, also known as the Internet of things, aiming at lower cost, lower battery consumption and lower latency than 4G equipment. To put it simply, the use cases for 4G networks has expanded well beyond the initial scope of the standard. 5G is what you get when you reset the standard/design to cope with the increase in scope.4G networks don’t just support mobile devices anymore. IOT (Internet of Things) devices are everywhere and the number of them is only going to increase. We’re seeing 4G modems in smart watches, in CCTVs and even in doorbells.
WiMAX BASED APPROACH TO ENHANCE LOCALIZED HUMAN SOCIAL NETWORK.AJAL A J
WiMAX
802.16e is the mobile extension from 802.16
Modification in PHY from OFDM to Scalable OFDMA
Modification in MAC for security, handoff, roaming, & resource management
There is a big market demand for broadband service due smart phone improvement, customer behavior in consuming more data compared to voice and attractive data plan from operator. WiMAX is one of technology that can venture to provide and enhance broadband service. The deployment scenario is discussed in general.
Presentation @ MoMo Hyderabad in Decemeber. Discusses about wimax, alternatives to wimax, evolution of wimax.
This needs a In Person Presentation Support.
Unified wired/wireless IP data networking solution designed to increase efficiency by reducing data contention. Combined with an advanced Layer 3 architecture and an IEEE802.11 enterprise wireless LAN management system, icXchange helps ensure content delivery as well as solid connectivity for the user.
Analysis of WiMAX Physical Layer Using Spatial Multiplexing Under Different F...CSCJournals
WiMAX is defined as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access by the WiMAX Forum and its industry. WiMAX is basically a wireless digital communication system which is also known as IEEE 802.16 standard intended for wireless \"metropolitan area networks\". WiMAX is based upon OFDM multiplexing technique. It was developed in order to provide high speed data rates to the users located in those areas also where broadband wireless coverage is not available. MIMO systems also play an important role in the field of wireless communication by allowing data to be transmitted and received over different antennas. WiMAX-MIMO systems are developed to improve the performance of WiMAX system. This paper analyzes WiMAX-MIMO system for different modulation schemes with different CC code rates under different fading channels (Rician and Nakagami channel). Spatial Multiplexing technique of MIMO system is used for the simulation purpose. Analysis has been done in the form of Signal-to Noise Ratio (SNR) vs Bit Error Rate (BER) plots.
WiMAX AND WLAN NETWORKS FOR VOICE OVER IP APPLICATIONDaisyWatson5
AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Coded Modulation
AES-CCM Advanced Encryption Standard Counter with
CBC MAC
AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AP Access point
ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
ASN Access Service Network
AWGN Adaptive White Gaussian Noise
BE Best Effort Service
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
BSS Base Service Set
BWA Broadband Wireless access
CBR Constant Bit Rate
CID Connection Identifier
CS Convergence Sub-layer
CS-ACELP Conjugate Structure Algebraic-Code Excited
Linear Prediction
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision
Avoidance
CSN Connectivity Service Network
CCA Clear Channel Assessment
DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying
DCF Distributed Coordination Function
DCME Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment
DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol
DL Downlink
DLC Data Link Control Layer
DL-MAP Downlink Map
DOCSIS Data over cable service interface specification
DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
ertPS extended real time Polling Service
ESS Extended Service Set
FDD Frequency Division Duplexing
FHSS Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum
FTP File Transfer Protocol
GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation
IETF-EAP Internet Engineering Task Force-Extensible
Authentication Protocol
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IP Internet Protocol
IR Infra Red
ISI Inter Symbol Interference
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the
International Telecommunications Union
LAN Local Area Network
LD-CELP Low-Delay Code Excited Linear Prediction
LLC Logical Link Control
LOS Line Of Sight
MAC Medium Access Control
MAC CPS MAC Common Part Sub-layer
MN Mobile Node
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MS Mobile Station
nrtPS non-real time Polling Service
NSP Network Service Provider
NWG Network Working Group
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
PC Point coordinator
PCF Point Coordination Function
PHY Physical layer
PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
PMD Physical Medium Dependent
PMKv2 Privacy and Key Management Protocol version 2
PPP Point to Point Protocol
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PTM Point To Multipoint
PTP Point To Point
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QoS Quality of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RLC Radio Link Control
rtPS real time Polling Service
RTS/CTS Request-To-Send/ Clear-To-Send
SDU Service Data Units
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
SISO Single Input Single Output
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SS Subscriber Station
TDD Time Division Duplexing
My keynote speech at Conmedia 2013 (Conference on New Media Studies), organised by University of Multimedia Nusantara, with technical support by IEEE Indonesia Section
This is an aged presentation (2006-2007) to introduce blogging activities to teenagers. Presented in Indonesian language, it targeted junior & senior hight school (SMP & SMA) students. Yet some materials are still relevant now :).
I use this presentation for opening 4G Mobile Technology seminar sessions. Usually it will be continued with 1 other presentation on LTE, 1 on WiMAX II, and 1 on applications.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
9. IEEE group 802 is responsible for networking standards including Wireless MANs, where Working Group 16 (IEEE 802.16) has produced definitions for wireless MAN technologies. The original output from 802.16 was a technology that would operate in range of microwave frequencies from 10 to 66 GHz, this would encompass both licensed and unlicensed spectrum bands. An extension in 802.16a added operation in the range 2 to 11 GHz.In the higher frequency bands there is a requirement for a line-of-sight (LOS) between the transmitter and receiver necessitating prominent base station sites with traditional tower (mast) and antenna engineering. However, in the 2 to 11 GHz range operation is Near (or Non) LOS (NLOS). IEEE 802.16 uses OFDM technology to achieve aggregated data rates up to 124 Mbits/s within a 20 MHz channel, whereas 802.16a can support rates up to 70 Mbits/s. IEEE 802.16
23. Application Server AAA CSN Strategy Agent CSN QoS management ASN Access strategy Classes of Service: UGS unsolicited grant service rt-PS real-time polling service nrt-PS non-real-time polling service BE best effort SFA Strategy Server ASN SFM Access Control Resource Management MSS (Application Agent) WiMAX Network Structure
24. R2 (logical interface) Core Network Access Service Network Visited Network Service Provider Mobile WiMAX Overall Architecture Home Network Service Provider R6 BS MS R1 Connectivity Service Network Connectivity Service Network R3 Access Service Network Gateway R5 R8 BS AMS R6 R1’ R4 Access Service Provider Network (Internet) Access Service Provider Network (Internet) Other Access Service Network
29. IEEE 802.16m systems can operate in RF frequencies less than 6 GHz and are deployable in licensed spectrum allocated to the mobile and fixed broadband services. The following frequency bands have been identified for IMT and/or IMT-2000 by WARC-92, WRC-2000 and WRC-07 •450-470 MHz •698-960 MHz •1710-2025 MHz •2110-2200 MHz •2300-2400 MHz •2500-2690 MHz •3400-3600 MHz Frequency Bands
30. 802.16m Data/Control Plane 802.16f/g NetMAN Management Plane IEEE 802.16m Reference Model Non 802.16m Scope RAN Control & Transport Functions WiMAX NWG RAN Architecture External Networks Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Management Entity Service Specific Convergence Sub-Layer MAC Common-Part Sub-Layer Management Layer Common Part Sub-Layer Medium Access Control Function Security Sub-Layer Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer Management Entity Physical Layer
32. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
33. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Adjust radio parameters related to traffic load. Includes load control, admission control, interference control. Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
34. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Scans neighbouring BS and decide MS handover operation Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
35. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Control initialisation & access procedures Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
36. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Support LBS, and manage location update during idle Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
37. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Control idle mode operation Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
38. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Manages secure communications through traffic encryption and authentication Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
39. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Manages system configuration parameter and generates broadcast control messages Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
40. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Controls & generates management messages & data associated with multicast & broadcast service Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
41. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Allocates CID (connection identifiers) during initialisation & handover. Interacts with Converegencesublayer. Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
42. Data Plane 802.16m Protocol Stack Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
43. 802.16m Protocol Stack Handles PHY signalling: ranging, CQI (channel quality measurement & feedback), ACK / NACK. Estimates channel environment of MS and performs link adaptation via adjusting modulation & coding scheme (MCS) or power level. Data Plane Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
44. 802.16m Protocol Stack Generates resource allocation messages (DL/UL map) as well as control & signalling messages Data Plane Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
45. 802.16m Protocol Stack Handles sleep mode operation, & communicates with the scheduler block to operate properly Data Plane Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
46. 802.16m Protocol Stack Performs rate control based on QoS input parameters from connection management function for each connection. Data Plane Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
47. 802.16m Protocol Stack Schedules & multiplexes packets based on properties of connections. Receives QoS information. Data Plane Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
48. 802.16m Protocol Stack Performs MAC ARQ (automatic repeat request) functions. Also generates ARQ management messages (ACK/NACK information) Data Plane Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
49. 802.16m Protocol Stack Performs fragmentation or packing based on iput from scheduler block Data Plane Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
50. 802.16m Protocol Stack Contructs MAC MAC Protocol Data Unit so BSs/MSs can transmit user traffic or management messages into PHY Data Plane Control Plane Radio Resource Control & Mgmt Function Convergence Sub-Layer Radio Resource Mgmt Network Entry Mgmt Classification Relay Functions Multi-Carrier Support Header Compression Mobility Mgmt Idle Mode Mgmt Location Mgmt MBS Self Organisation Security Mgmt System Config Mgmt Connection Mgmt Medium Access Control Function QoS Sleep Mode Mgmt ARQ Control & Signalling Scheduling & Resource Multiplex Fragmentation Multi-Radio Coexistence MAC PDU Formation PHY Control Security Sub-Layer Physical Layer PHY Protocols (FEC Coding, Signal Mapping, Modulation, MIMO Processing)
52. Routing / relay functions Self-organising & self-optimisation functions Enable home BS to femtocells etc Multi-carrier functions Additional Functional Block to 802.16m
53. Control Plane Data Plane Protocol Stack for Multicarrier Operations Radio Resource Control & Management CS Sub-layer Medium Access Control Functions Security Sublayer Dynamic / Static Mapping PHY 1 RF Carrier 1 PHY 2 RF Carrier 2 PHY 3 RF Carrier 3
54. Data Plane Protocol Stack w/ Relay BS MS CS CS RS Medium Access Control Functions Medium Access Control Functions Medium Access Control Functions Security Security Security PHY PHY PHY
55. Control Plane Protocol Stack w/ Relay RS BS MS Radio Resources Control & Management Functions Radio Resources Control & Management Functions Radio Resources Control & Management Functions Medium Access Control Functions Medium Access Control Functions Medium Access Control Functions Security Security Security PHY PHY PHY
57. 802.16e does not include an explicit mobile state diagram 802.16m recognises four states: Mobile Station State Diagram
58. Power ON/OFF Scanning & DL Synchronisation MS Authentication, Authorisation, & Key Exchange Idle State Broadcast Channel Acquisition Registration with Serving BS MAC CIDs Establishment IP Address Assignment Cell Selection Decision Fast Network Reentry Initialisation State DL MAP Acquisition Active Mode DL/UL Data Transmission with Serving BS Connected State Ranging and UL Synchronisation Handoff/Network Reentry Neighbour Scanning Sleep Mode Access State Basic Capability Negotiation
60. The reason: Reduce the complexity due to the use of heterogenous multiple access scheme Maximizes the commonalities with the legacy system OFDMA parameters remain the same for the new & legacy system OFDMA for Downlink & Uplink
62. Radio frames structure equally applies to TDD and FDD, resulting in maximal baseband processing commonalities. Superframe (802.16m) is a collection of consecutive equally-sized radio frames whose beginning is marked with a superframe header. Header consists of short-term & long-term system configuration. Frames are divided into subframes where each comprises an integer number of OFDMA symbols. Frames
63. FDD Basic Frame Structure Super Frame 20ms F0 F1 F2 F3 F3 Idle 64ms Frame 5ms 1/8 OFDMA Symbol Useful Time UL/DL PHY Sub Frame 0.617ms SF0 SF1 SF2 UL/DL SF3 SF4 SF5 SF6 SF7 S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
64. TDD Basic Frame Structure Super Frame 20ms F3 F0 F1 F2 F3 Idle 64ms Frame 5ms 1/8 OFDMA Symbol Useful Time DL SF0 F3 DL SF1 DL SF2 DL SF3 DL SF4 UL SF0 UL SF1 UL SF2 F3 S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
65. Unified Single/Multi-User MIMO Scheduler Resource Mapping MIMO Encoder Beam Former / Precoder OFDM Symbol Construction User 1 Data Encoder FFT User 2 Data Encoder FFT User 3 Data Encoder FFT Precoding Vector Matrix User N Data Feedback CQI ACK/NACK Mode / Rank / Link Adaptation