5G Demystified; the what, when and where
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Presented virtually by Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, BT Technology on 06 Aug 2020. Andy provides an update and review of the transformational plans, capabilities and outcomes from 5G deployments in the UK. 5G networks are already enabling a step change in the range and capability of innovative applications from IoT to robotics. That pace of change is due to accelerate as 5G moves from its initial enhanced mobile broadband phase to deliver ultra-reliable and low latency communications along with massive machine type connectivity. *** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
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5G Demystified; the what, when and where
- 1. 5G Demystified; the what, when and where 1 Professor Andy Sutton Principal Network Architect BT Technology August 2020
- 2. Contents • 5G services and performance requirements • Spectrum • EN-DC mode of operation - NSA • 5G network architecture with NGC - SA • Mobile backhaul (transmission) & edge cloud • 5G rollout to date • Further information • Summary 2 Photo source: Derico Watson
- 3. 3 Source: https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M.2083-0-201509-I!!PDF-E.pdf Usage scenarios of IMT for 2020 and beyond
- 4. 5G services and use cases 4 Source: http://www.5gamericas.org/files/3215/1190/8811/5G_Services_and_Use_Cases.pdf
- 5. ITU-R IMT-2020 requirements - selected parameters The minimum requirements for eMBB peak data rate are as follows: – Downlink peak data rate is 20Gbps – Uplink peak data rate is 10Gbps The minimum requirements for eMBB peak spectral efficiencies are as follows: – Downlink peak spectral efficiency is 30 bit/s/Hz – Uplink peak spectral efficiency is 15 bit/s/Hz The target values for the user experienced data rate are as follows in the Dense Urban - eMBB test environment: – Downlink user experienced data rate is 100Mbps – Uplink user experienced data rate is 50Mbps The minimum requirements for 1-way user plane latency over the radio interface are: – 4 ms for eMBB – 1 ms for URLLC (3GPP target = 0.5ms) The minimum requirement for control plane latency is 20ms (Proponents are encouraged to consider lower control plane latency, e.g. 10ms) 3GPP target = 10ms) The minimum requirement for mMTC connection density is 1,000,000 devices per km2 5
- 6. Ofcom and RSPG has identified three pioneer bands for 5G in Europe 700 MHz band - to provide a coverage layer 2 x 30 MHz + 20 MHz centre gap - SDL - January 2021 3.4 - 3.8 GHz band - to provide a large amount of contiguous spectrum for high-data rate and low-latency services and a capacity solution in congested areas 150 MHz in the 3.4 - 3.6 GHz band in 2018 (auction complete) 120 MHz in 3.6 - 3.8 GHz band to be auctioned in January 2021 26 GHz band - to provide “fibre-like” data rates and very low latencies at short distance, as a capacity solution in very congested hotspots 24.25 - 27.5 GHz - date tbd - lower 2.25 GHz is currently available for low-power in-building solutions [Note: Existing bands will be refarmed (repurposed from 2G, 3G & 4G) and more new bands are likely in the future…] 6
- 7. 5G spectrum bands approved by 3GPP NR operating band Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive / UE transmit FUL_low – FUL_high Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit / UE receive FDL_low – FDL_high Duplex Mode n1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD n2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz FDD n3 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz 1805 MHz – 1880 MHz FDD n5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894 MHz FDD n7 2500 MHz – 2570 MHz 2620 MHz – 2690 MHz FDD n8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz FDD n12 699 MHz – 716 MHz 729 MHz – 746 MHz FDD n20 832 MHz – 862 MHz 791 MHz – 821 MHz FDD n25 1850 MHz – 1915 MHz 1930 MHz – 1995 MHz FDD n28 703 MHz – 748 MHz 758 MHz – 803 MHz FDD n34 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz TDD n38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz TDD n39 1880 MHz – 1920 MHz 1880 MHz – 1920 MHz TDD n40 2300 MHz – 2400 MHz 2300 MHz – 2400 MHz TDD n41 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz TDD n50 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz TDD n51 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz TDD n66 1710 MHz – 1780 MHz 2110 MHz – 2200 MHz FDD n70 1695 MHz – 1710 MHz 1995 MHz – 2020 MHz FDD n71 663 MHz – 698 MHz 617 MHz – 652 MHz FDD n74 1427 MHz – 1470 MHz 1475 MHz – 1518 MHz FDD n75 N/A 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz SDL n76 N/A 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz SDL n77 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz TDD n78 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz TDD n79 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz TDD n80 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz N/A SUL n81 880 MHz – 915 MHz N/A SUL n82 832 MHz – 862 MHz N/A SUL n83 703 MHz – 748 MHz N/A SUL n84 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz N/A SUL n86 1710 MHz – 1780 MHz N/A SUL 7 NR operating band Uplink (UL) and Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit/receive UE transmit/receive FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high Duplex Mode n257 26500 MHz – 29500 MHz TDD n258 24250 MHz – 27500 MHz TDD n260 37000 MHz – 40000 MHz TDD n261 27500 MHz – 28350 MHz TDD NR operating bands in FR1 Maximum of 100 MHz channel bandwidth NR operating bands in FR2 Maximum of 400 MHz channel bandwidth Source: 3GPP TS 38.104 NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
- 8. Antenna system evolution towards massive-MIMO (active antennas) 8 • Current FDD LTE is typically 2T2R (2x2) or 4T4R (4x4), 5G TDD will typically utilise 8T8R (8x8) and 64T64R (64x64) • 16T16R and 32T32R systems are now available, offering greater granularity - along with hybrid (active/passive) antennas
- 9. 5G trial site with 64T64R M-MIMO AAU and 8T8R passive antenna with RU 9
- 10. EN-DC network architecture supporting legacy terminals Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA) 10 gNB UGW MME pool UGW+ S1-u S1-c LTE-u LTE-c eNB Legacy UE
- 11. EN-DC network architecture supporting VoLTE Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA) 11 gNB UGW MME pool UGW+ S1-u S1-c LTE-u LTE-c eNB Legacy or R15 UE
- 12. EN-DC network architecture supporting user data session Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA) 12 UGW MME pool UGW+ S1-uS1-c NR-uLTE-u LTE-c X2-u X2-c eNB gNB R15 UE
- 13. EN-DC network architecture supporting user data session Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA) 13 UGW MME pool UGW+ S1-uS1-c NR-uLTE-u LTE-c X2-u X2-c eNB Dual Connectivity between 1 x NR carrier and a maximum of 5 x LTE carriers gNB R15 UE
- 14. 3GPP 5G network architecture Standalone Architecture (SA) UE RAN UPF DN AMF SMF PCF UDM AF AUSF N1 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N8 N9 - between UPFs N14 - between AMFs N10 N11 N12 N13 N15 NR air i/f Note: Focus on mobile however Access Network (AN) could be fixed NSSF N22
- 15. 3GPP 5G Service Based Architecture Standalone Architecture (SA) UE RAN UPF DN AMF SMF PCF UDM AF N1 N6 N4 N3 N2 NR air i/f NEF NRF Nnef Nnrf Npcf Nudm Naf Nausf Namf Nsmf AUSF NSSF Nnssf NG-CP Further reading: https://www.academia.edu/36284890/5G_Network_Architecture (2017) NGC during 2022 at geographically distributed locations to enable lower latency services
- 16. 5G within a multi-RAT network deployment Mobile backhaul (transmission) 16 3G 4G1 5G CSG NTU NTU 21C PE 21C PE Mobile core networks2 21C IP/MPLS network (P routers not illustrated) Openreach Point to point DWDM solution (OSA-FC) n x λ (can bypass CSG & NTU) 1 - 2G is supported on the same base station as 4G (SRAN/Multi-RAT) 2 - Includes BSC for 2G, RNC for 3G and IP Sec GW for 2G, 4G and 5G Resilient PRTC sync source E-Band D W D M D W D M Passive optical filters E-band millimetre wave radio system
- 17. 17 Optical backhaul solutions EAD1000 4G CSG 5G CSG XG-210 16 CSM OSA-FC Note: Photo from lab environment, doesn’t represent actual deployed configuration
- 18. Frequency and phase synchronisation 18 3G 4G1 5G CSG NTU NTU 21C PE 21C PE Mobile core networks2 21C IP/MPLS network (P routers not illustrated) Openreach Point to point DWDM solution (OSA-FC) n x λ (can bypass CSG & NTU) 1 - 2G is supported on the same base station as 4G (SRAN/Multi-RAT) 2 - Includes BSC for 2G, RNC for 3G and IP Sec GW for 2G, 4G and 5G Resilient PRTC sync source E-Band D W D M D W D M Passive optical filters E-band millimetre wave radio system
- 19. The introduction of E-band radio systems 71 - 76 GHz paired with 81 - 86 GHz • Target architecture is a single E-band radio hop between a hub site and sub- tended site (child site) • Radio link to be planned to 99.99% atmospheric availability @ ref mod scheme • Link can provide 6Gbps at up to 1.5km with 500 MHz channels and 256 QAM in 2+0 CCDP - XPIC configuration • E-band radio will take power from indoor mounted DC power source • Traffic feeds to/from all outdoor E-band radio units will be via cell site gateway 19 E-band Frequency plan - source: Ofcom
- 20. 5G edge cloud - lowering latency through distributed service platforms 20 3G 4G1 5G CSG NTU NTU 21C PE 21C PE Mobile core networks2 21C IP/MPLS network (P routers not illustrated) Openreach Point to point DWDM solution (OSA-FC) n x λ (can bypass CSG & NTU) Resilient PRTC sync source E-Band D W D M D W D M Passive optical filters E-band millimetre wave radio system 1 - 2G is supported on the same base station as 4G (SRAN/Multi-RAT) 2 - Includes BSC for 2G, RNC for 3G and IP Sec GW for 2G, 4G and 5G 3 - Enables RAN functional decomposition, distributed UPF and service platforms 5G Edge Cloud3
- 21. So, what have we deployed so far? 21
- 22. 22 5G rollout progress - 80 locations by May 2020
- 23. 23 Source: https://www.theiet.org/impact-society/factfiles/engineering-safety- factfiles/allaying-health-concerns-regarding-5g-and-exposure-to-radio-waves/ Source:https://www.academia.edu/41625209/Design _and_Deployment_of_the_EE_5G_Network Further reading: NGMN White Paper v2: https://www.ngmn.org/wp-content/uploads/NGMN-5G-White-Paper-2.pdf
- 24. Summary • 5G supports enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra Reliable and Low latency Communications (URLLC) along with massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) • 5G opens up new and exciting opportunities for industry verticals, including private/non-public networks - it’s a lot more than just faster Internet to smartphones… • 5G will be deployed across a wide range of frequency bands to address a range of use cases and deployment scenarios • 5G will operate in fully licensed, license shared access and unlicensed spectrum • Next Generation Core network will enable new services such as network slicing, low latency services and private/non-public network 24
- 25. © British Telecommunications plc