This document provides information on designing structured cabling systems, including premises and backbone cabling. It discusses network-specific and open cabling systems, as well as centralized and distributed network architectures. Key considerations for cabling system design include applications, hardware, software, physical plant and cost. The document also covers telecommunications outlet placement, telecommunications and equipment room design, horizontal and backbone cabling, media types, and standards bodies. Diagrams illustrate typical topologies, pathways, and closet layouts.
A structured cabling system allows for constant moves and changes to be performed by on-site personnel with growth and flexibility built into the cabling scheme. It supports and outlives most network components while only representing 5% of the total network investment. A structured cabling system allows moves, adds, and changes to occur quickly and cost-effectively, preventing downtime that can cost between $1,000 and $50,000 per hour.
In-building Solution (IBS) / Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
Small Cell Coverage within building premises
Signal is restricted inside the building
Antenna installed inside the building
Low Transmit Power of Antenna
Smaller Antenna size
A structured cabling system integrates data, voice, video and management systems through a standardized infrastructure. It includes 6 sub-systems: building entrance, equipment room, telecommunications room, backbone cabling, horizontal cabling, and work areas. The telecommunications room houses networking equipment and cross-connects between backbone and horizontal cabling. Backbone cabling connects telecommunications rooms to the equipment room. Horizontal cabling extends from telecommunications rooms to work areas. A structured cabling system provides benefits like redundancy, ease of fault location and repair, flexibility, and long-term cost containment.
Structured Cabling Technologies for NetworkingTharindu Kumara
Structured cabling is building or campus telecommunications cabling infrastructure that consists of a number of standardized smaller elements (hence structured) called subsystems.(wikipedia)
Structured cabling refers to a standardized architecture for voice and data cabling as specified by the TIA/EIA. It divides the infrastructure into manageable blocks like backbone cabling that runs through equipment rooms to horizontal cabling that connects to work areas. Using structured cabling provides benefits like future-proofing since it supports new applications, easier troubleshooting by isolating faults, and simplifying moves/add/changes through cross-connect patching. Proper installation techniques and innovations help ensure high-performance networks through a well-designed structured cabling system.
This document provides an overview of UTP installation, including rough-in procedures and specifications. It discusses items needed for rough-in like plans, materials lists, and tools. Installation specifications cover standards, placement of raceways and cables, labeling, and testing. Diagrams show outlet types, rack layouts, and bends and clearances. Performance parameters like attenuation, crosstalk, and length are also summarized.
This document proposes a new 5-location network design for ABC Medical Practice to improve security, data backup, and network scalability. It includes an inventory of current and required hardware, software needs, a disaster recovery plan and cost analysis, and work breakdown structures for planning, deployment, and staff training. The proposed design features centralized backups, VPN connectivity between sites, and allows remote administration.
This document discusses enterprise network design and architecture. It outlines Cisco's enterprise architecture model, including hierarchy, modularity, resiliency and flexibility as key design principles. The model includes access, distribution and core layers. It also describes Cisco's enterprise campus, enterprise edge and service provider edge modules, and their sub-modules like building access, distribution and core, e-commerce services and internet connectivity. Finally, it mentions future challenges and Cisco's ONE enterprise network model as a solution.
A structured cabling system allows for constant moves and changes to be performed by on-site personnel with growth and flexibility built into the cabling scheme. It supports and outlives most network components while only representing 5% of the total network investment. A structured cabling system allows moves, adds, and changes to occur quickly and cost-effectively, preventing downtime that can cost between $1,000 and $50,000 per hour.
In-building Solution (IBS) / Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
Small Cell Coverage within building premises
Signal is restricted inside the building
Antenna installed inside the building
Low Transmit Power of Antenna
Smaller Antenna size
A structured cabling system integrates data, voice, video and management systems through a standardized infrastructure. It includes 6 sub-systems: building entrance, equipment room, telecommunications room, backbone cabling, horizontal cabling, and work areas. The telecommunications room houses networking equipment and cross-connects between backbone and horizontal cabling. Backbone cabling connects telecommunications rooms to the equipment room. Horizontal cabling extends from telecommunications rooms to work areas. A structured cabling system provides benefits like redundancy, ease of fault location and repair, flexibility, and long-term cost containment.
Structured Cabling Technologies for NetworkingTharindu Kumara
Structured cabling is building or campus telecommunications cabling infrastructure that consists of a number of standardized smaller elements (hence structured) called subsystems.(wikipedia)
Structured cabling refers to a standardized architecture for voice and data cabling as specified by the TIA/EIA. It divides the infrastructure into manageable blocks like backbone cabling that runs through equipment rooms to horizontal cabling that connects to work areas. Using structured cabling provides benefits like future-proofing since it supports new applications, easier troubleshooting by isolating faults, and simplifying moves/add/changes through cross-connect patching. Proper installation techniques and innovations help ensure high-performance networks through a well-designed structured cabling system.
This document provides an overview of UTP installation, including rough-in procedures and specifications. It discusses items needed for rough-in like plans, materials lists, and tools. Installation specifications cover standards, placement of raceways and cables, labeling, and testing. Diagrams show outlet types, rack layouts, and bends and clearances. Performance parameters like attenuation, crosstalk, and length are also summarized.
This document proposes a new 5-location network design for ABC Medical Practice to improve security, data backup, and network scalability. It includes an inventory of current and required hardware, software needs, a disaster recovery plan and cost analysis, and work breakdown structures for planning, deployment, and staff training. The proposed design features centralized backups, VPN connectivity between sites, and allows remote administration.
This document discusses enterprise network design and architecture. It outlines Cisco's enterprise architecture model, including hierarchy, modularity, resiliency and flexibility as key design principles. The model includes access, distribution and core layers. It also describes Cisco's enterprise campus, enterprise edge and service provider edge modules, and their sub-modules like building access, distribution and core, e-commerce services and internet connectivity. Finally, it mentions future challenges and Cisco's ONE enterprise network model as a solution.
Technical Overview of Cisco Catalyst 9200 Series SwitchesRobb Boyd
TechWiseTV's Cisco Container Platform live workshop took place on July 18th.
For the first time in the industry, a single family of fixed, stackable, and modular switches are running on the same IOS-XE operating system along with a common ASIC.
Cisco’s Catalyst 9200 rounds out the lower end of its incredible Catalyst 9000 family of switches. The 9200 is designed for small, medium, and branch deployments, providing greater modularity, redundancy, and stackability than the Catalyst 2960 it replaces.
Register now.
Presented by Mark Boxer & Jeff Bush of OFS
Agenda:
• Why Fiber?
• Fiber Feeds Everything
• Nuts and Bolts -The Components
• Installation Techniques
• Network Architectures and Planning
This document provides planning materials for instructors to teach a chapter on dynamic routing. It includes an overview of the chapter sections and objectives, best practices for teaching the content, and lists the activities students should complete. The planning guide gives details on dynamic and static routing concepts, configuring RIPv2, and components of routing tables to help instructors understand the content and prepare to teach it effectively.
Analyze the Customer Requirements
Characterize the Existing Network and Sites
Design the Network Topology and Solutions
Design a Network Topology
Design a Model for Network Layer Addressing and Naming
Select the Switching and Routing Protocols
Network Security Design
Network Management Design
Optimize the Network Design
Select Technologies and Devices
Test the Network Design
Document the Network Design
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 3Nil Menon
The document discusses network protocols and communications. It explains that for communication between devices to occur, agreed upon rules and protocols must be followed. Key points covered include common network protocols like TCP/IP, the role of standards organizations in establishing protocols, and how data is encapsulated and moves through the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models when transmitted over a network. The chapter also addresses how devices on a local area network access both local and remote network resources through the use of addressing schemes and default gateways.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet in a presentation for a computer networks class. It begins with an introduction to Ethernet and network topologies. The technology section discusses Ethernet standards, frame formats, and cable types. Devices covered include switches, routers, and the differences between them. Applications like firewalls and IP spoofing are also mentioned. The summary reiterates the key topics discussed, including the introduction of Ethernet, technologies and devices, and applications. It also outlines the future of Ethernet, such as vehicular uses and standardizing software-defined networking.
Barry Hesk: Cisco Unified Communications Manager training deck 1Barry Hesk
Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) training will cover CUCM basics and advanced configurations over three days. The instructor will use a demo environment including two CUCM servers and a Cisco Unity Connection voicemail server. Topics will include CUCM architecture, installation, upgrades, backups/restores, protocols, phones, gateways, and more. The goal is to explain how CUCM works from the perspective of a customer.
This document provides an overview of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network design and installation. It discusses the drivers for higher bandwidth needs like HD video that are pushing more networks to use fiber. It then covers fiber network components like the different fiber types, cables, connectors, splitters and electronics. The document also reviews FTTH network architectures like GPON, active Ethernet and WDM PON. Finally, it discusses outdoor fiber installation techniques for both aerial and buried cable deployment like plowing, trenching and directional drilling.
Basic Campus Network Design - Network Cabling SystemMd. Abdul Awal
This document provides an overview of basic campus network design and structured cabling. It discusses network cabling systems, transmission media like twisted pair and optical fiber cables. It describes categories of unshielded twisted pair cables and their applications. The document outlines considerations for proper cable installation, including bend radius, tension, and termination. It also discusses components of structured cabling like patch panels, cable management, and documentation standards. The goal is to understand standard cabling processes and best practices for campus network design.
This document provides an overview of indoor radio planning procedures for mobile network operators. It discusses:
1. The importance of indoor coverage for operators from both technical and commercial perspectives such as improving service quality and maximizing revenue.
2. The key steps in indoor radio planning including site surveys, coverage planning, capacity planning, antenna placement, link budget calculations, and traffic dimensioning using Erlang calculations.
3. Special considerations for indoor radio planning such as preparing for future capacity needs, ensuring elevator coverage, and designing handover zones to avoid call drops.
The document provides an introduction to premises cabling systems, including key standards organizations and standards. It describes the elements and sub-systems of cabling infrastructure, such as work areas, horizontal cabling, telecommunications closets, backbone cabling, equipment rooms, and entrance facilities. The document also summarizes different cable and fiber types, categories, optical fiber basics, cable construction, and maximum cabling distances.
This is Powerpoint Presentation on IP addressing & Subnet masking. This presentation describes how IP address works, what its classes and how the subnet masking works and more.
The document presents on VLSM and Supernetting. It contains introductions to VLSM and Supernetting, their histories, basic concepts, implementation processes and examples. VLSM allows variable length subnet masking to efficiently divide a network into subnets of different sizes. Supernetting combines multiple networks or subnets into a larger single network to reduce routing table sizes. The document provides step-by-step explanations of VLSM and Supernetting techniques along with illustrative examples.
In building solutions ibs using distributed antenna systemIAEME Publication
This document discusses in-building solutions (IBS) using distributed antenna systems. It provides an overview of the components used in IBS including base transceiver stations, splitters, couplers, cables, and antennas. It also discusses challenges in IBS installation and provides an example of an IBS design for a 4-floor building with 19 antennas arranged on each floor. IBS can provide full mobile coverage within buildings and improve reliability, quality of service, and wireless access for enterprises, hospitals, and other venues.
The document proposes a network solution for 3 tourism camps to provide quality communication for clients, including wireless access at each camp, VOIP phones, a server, and training; it analyzes issues with the current network and recommends equipment like sector base stations, repeaters, and IP phones to address them; and it provides an overview of the proposed network setup and costs for each camp.
This document discusses networking devices and technologies used to connect local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It describes common physical layer components used in Ethernet LANs such as twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, and connectors. It also discusses serial connection options and devices used for WAN connections including CSU/DSUs and their roles as data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE).
Network cabling is the medium used to transmit information between network devices. There are several types of cable used in local area networks (LANs) including unshielded twisted pair (UTP), fiber optic, and wireless. UTP is the most common and comes in categories that support different transmission speeds. Fiber optic cable can transmit signals over much longer distances than copper cables. Wireless networks use radio signals, infrared, or lasers to transmit information without cables but have disadvantages related to security and interference. Proper installation of network cables follows guidelines such as leaving slack, testing connections, and labeling cables.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 11Nil Menon
This document discusses network address translation (NAT) for IPv4. It describes the characteristics and types of NAT, including static NAT, dynamic NAT, and port address translation (PAT). It provides examples of configuring each type of NAT using Cisco IOS commands. Static NAT creates static one-to-one mappings between local and global addresses. Dynamic NAT uses a pool of public addresses assigned on a first-come first-served basis. PAT maps multiple private addresses to a single public address using port numbers. The document also covers verifying NAT configurations and port forwarding.
The document discusses next generation networks (NGN) and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). NGN aims to converge different access networks onto a single all-IP infrastructure to seamlessly deliver multimedia services. IMS is an architectural framework for delivering IP-based services to users on both fixed and mobile networks. It provides session control functions and enables real-time multimedia services like voice and video over packet networks.
The TR-WMX-3.5-pBS pico Base Station is a WiMAX product that:
1) Adheres to IEEE 802.16-2004 standards and is based on Wavesat products, providing a comprehensive WiMAX product family.
2) Offers future-proof features like remote software management and is Airsync-ready for autonomous QoS and real-time provisioning.
3) Has a low-cost design, high quality, and ease of installation making it suitable for incremental network build-outs and guaranteed high-bandwidth applications.
The TR-WMX-5.8-pBS is a pico base station that adheres to IEEE 802.16-2004 WiMAX standards and provides wireless broadband connectivity for outdoor applications. It is part of Tranzeo's comprehensive WiMAX product family and offers a turn-key solution for last-mile communication. The pico base station has a low-cost design, high quality, and ease of installation to ensure low deployment costs. It is managed by Tranzeo's advanced Element Management System to allow for remote upgrades and software management.
Technical Overview of Cisco Catalyst 9200 Series SwitchesRobb Boyd
TechWiseTV's Cisco Container Platform live workshop took place on July 18th.
For the first time in the industry, a single family of fixed, stackable, and modular switches are running on the same IOS-XE operating system along with a common ASIC.
Cisco’s Catalyst 9200 rounds out the lower end of its incredible Catalyst 9000 family of switches. The 9200 is designed for small, medium, and branch deployments, providing greater modularity, redundancy, and stackability than the Catalyst 2960 it replaces.
Register now.
Presented by Mark Boxer & Jeff Bush of OFS
Agenda:
• Why Fiber?
• Fiber Feeds Everything
• Nuts and Bolts -The Components
• Installation Techniques
• Network Architectures and Planning
This document provides planning materials for instructors to teach a chapter on dynamic routing. It includes an overview of the chapter sections and objectives, best practices for teaching the content, and lists the activities students should complete. The planning guide gives details on dynamic and static routing concepts, configuring RIPv2, and components of routing tables to help instructors understand the content and prepare to teach it effectively.
Analyze the Customer Requirements
Characterize the Existing Network and Sites
Design the Network Topology and Solutions
Design a Network Topology
Design a Model for Network Layer Addressing and Naming
Select the Switching and Routing Protocols
Network Security Design
Network Management Design
Optimize the Network Design
Select Technologies and Devices
Test the Network Design
Document the Network Design
CCNA 1 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 3Nil Menon
The document discusses network protocols and communications. It explains that for communication between devices to occur, agreed upon rules and protocols must be followed. Key points covered include common network protocols like TCP/IP, the role of standards organizations in establishing protocols, and how data is encapsulated and moves through the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models when transmitted over a network. The chapter also addresses how devices on a local area network access both local and remote network resources through the use of addressing schemes and default gateways.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet in a presentation for a computer networks class. It begins with an introduction to Ethernet and network topologies. The technology section discusses Ethernet standards, frame formats, and cable types. Devices covered include switches, routers, and the differences between them. Applications like firewalls and IP spoofing are also mentioned. The summary reiterates the key topics discussed, including the introduction of Ethernet, technologies and devices, and applications. It also outlines the future of Ethernet, such as vehicular uses and standardizing software-defined networking.
Barry Hesk: Cisco Unified Communications Manager training deck 1Barry Hesk
Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) training will cover CUCM basics and advanced configurations over three days. The instructor will use a demo environment including two CUCM servers and a Cisco Unity Connection voicemail server. Topics will include CUCM architecture, installation, upgrades, backups/restores, protocols, phones, gateways, and more. The goal is to explain how CUCM works from the perspective of a customer.
This document provides an overview of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network design and installation. It discusses the drivers for higher bandwidth needs like HD video that are pushing more networks to use fiber. It then covers fiber network components like the different fiber types, cables, connectors, splitters and electronics. The document also reviews FTTH network architectures like GPON, active Ethernet and WDM PON. Finally, it discusses outdoor fiber installation techniques for both aerial and buried cable deployment like plowing, trenching and directional drilling.
Basic Campus Network Design - Network Cabling SystemMd. Abdul Awal
This document provides an overview of basic campus network design and structured cabling. It discusses network cabling systems, transmission media like twisted pair and optical fiber cables. It describes categories of unshielded twisted pair cables and their applications. The document outlines considerations for proper cable installation, including bend radius, tension, and termination. It also discusses components of structured cabling like patch panels, cable management, and documentation standards. The goal is to understand standard cabling processes and best practices for campus network design.
This document provides an overview of indoor radio planning procedures for mobile network operators. It discusses:
1. The importance of indoor coverage for operators from both technical and commercial perspectives such as improving service quality and maximizing revenue.
2. The key steps in indoor radio planning including site surveys, coverage planning, capacity planning, antenna placement, link budget calculations, and traffic dimensioning using Erlang calculations.
3. Special considerations for indoor radio planning such as preparing for future capacity needs, ensuring elevator coverage, and designing handover zones to avoid call drops.
The document provides an introduction to premises cabling systems, including key standards organizations and standards. It describes the elements and sub-systems of cabling infrastructure, such as work areas, horizontal cabling, telecommunications closets, backbone cabling, equipment rooms, and entrance facilities. The document also summarizes different cable and fiber types, categories, optical fiber basics, cable construction, and maximum cabling distances.
This is Powerpoint Presentation on IP addressing & Subnet masking. This presentation describes how IP address works, what its classes and how the subnet masking works and more.
The document presents on VLSM and Supernetting. It contains introductions to VLSM and Supernetting, their histories, basic concepts, implementation processes and examples. VLSM allows variable length subnet masking to efficiently divide a network into subnets of different sizes. Supernetting combines multiple networks or subnets into a larger single network to reduce routing table sizes. The document provides step-by-step explanations of VLSM and Supernetting techniques along with illustrative examples.
In building solutions ibs using distributed antenna systemIAEME Publication
This document discusses in-building solutions (IBS) using distributed antenna systems. It provides an overview of the components used in IBS including base transceiver stations, splitters, couplers, cables, and antennas. It also discusses challenges in IBS installation and provides an example of an IBS design for a 4-floor building with 19 antennas arranged on each floor. IBS can provide full mobile coverage within buildings and improve reliability, quality of service, and wireless access for enterprises, hospitals, and other venues.
The document proposes a network solution for 3 tourism camps to provide quality communication for clients, including wireless access at each camp, VOIP phones, a server, and training; it analyzes issues with the current network and recommends equipment like sector base stations, repeaters, and IP phones to address them; and it provides an overview of the proposed network setup and costs for each camp.
This document discusses networking devices and technologies used to connect local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It describes common physical layer components used in Ethernet LANs such as twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, and connectors. It also discusses serial connection options and devices used for WAN connections including CSU/DSUs and their roles as data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE).
Network cabling is the medium used to transmit information between network devices. There are several types of cable used in local area networks (LANs) including unshielded twisted pair (UTP), fiber optic, and wireless. UTP is the most common and comes in categories that support different transmission speeds. Fiber optic cable can transmit signals over much longer distances than copper cables. Wireless networks use radio signals, infrared, or lasers to transmit information without cables but have disadvantages related to security and interference. Proper installation of network cables follows guidelines such as leaving slack, testing connections, and labeling cables.
CCNA 2 Routing and Switching v5.0 Chapter 11Nil Menon
This document discusses network address translation (NAT) for IPv4. It describes the characteristics and types of NAT, including static NAT, dynamic NAT, and port address translation (PAT). It provides examples of configuring each type of NAT using Cisco IOS commands. Static NAT creates static one-to-one mappings between local and global addresses. Dynamic NAT uses a pool of public addresses assigned on a first-come first-served basis. PAT maps multiple private addresses to a single public address using port numbers. The document also covers verifying NAT configurations and port forwarding.
The document discusses next generation networks (NGN) and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). NGN aims to converge different access networks onto a single all-IP infrastructure to seamlessly deliver multimedia services. IMS is an architectural framework for delivering IP-based services to users on both fixed and mobile networks. It provides session control functions and enables real-time multimedia services like voice and video over packet networks.
The TR-WMX-3.5-pBS pico Base Station is a WiMAX product that:
1) Adheres to IEEE 802.16-2004 standards and is based on Wavesat products, providing a comprehensive WiMAX product family.
2) Offers future-proof features like remote software management and is Airsync-ready for autonomous QoS and real-time provisioning.
3) Has a low-cost design, high quality, and ease of installation making it suitable for incremental network build-outs and guaranteed high-bandwidth applications.
The TR-WMX-5.8-pBS is a pico base station that adheres to IEEE 802.16-2004 WiMAX standards and provides wireless broadband connectivity for outdoor applications. It is part of Tranzeo's comprehensive WiMAX product family and offers a turn-key solution for last-mile communication. The pico base station has a low-cost design, high quality, and ease of installation to ensure low deployment costs. It is managed by Tranzeo's advanced Element Management System to allow for remote upgrades and software management.
Wifi uses spread spectrum technology which can have difficulties decoding signals when two identical signals are received with a small time delay. Wimax uses OFDMA which divides data across multiple subcarriers, making it more robust to signal interference and easier to implement MIMO. While Wifi struggles at distances over a few hundred meters, Wimax can provide throughput of up to 2.5Gbps at 20km and is better suited for mining sites due to its ability to handle high signal reflection and absorption. Key considerations for a Wimax implementation include data throughput needs, quality of service requirements, and allowing suppliers flexibility in choosing parameters to optimize performance within bandwidth limits.
A local area network (LAN) uses wired connections to connect devices within a limited geographic area like a building or campus. Ethernet became the dominant wired LAN technology using carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to regulate shared access to the transmission medium. Ethernet has evolved from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps standards to meet increasing bandwidth demands. Key components of wired LANs include network adapters, cabling, connectors, switches/hubs, and software protocols. Other historical wired LAN technologies like Token Ring and Token Bus used token passing for medium access but have been largely replaced by Ethernet.
Comcast metro ethernet enterprise services overviewtimmurphycomcast
This document provides information about Comcast's Metro Ethernet services. It summarizes Comcast's network infrastructure, customer base, and revenue growth. It then describes Comcast's Ethernet network services portfolio, including Ethernet Private Line, Ethernet Virtual Private Line, Ethernet Network Service, and Ethernet Dedicated Internet. The document emphasizes Comcast's network diversity, scalability, reliability, and local support as benefits for business customers.
The document discusses underlying technologies for computer networks including transmission media, local area networks (LANs) like Ethernet and Token Ring, switching methods like circuit switching and packet switching, wide area networks (WANs) like PPP, X.25 and Frame Relay, interconnecting devices, and differences between shared media and switched LAN architectures. It provides details on CSMA/CD and IEEE 802 standards for Ethernet, features and problems of Ethernet, Token Ring features, circuit switching vs. packet switching, PPP, X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, internetworking terms, transparent bridges, and differences between shared media and switched LAN architectures.
The document provides an overview of wired and wireless telecommunication and network technologies. It discusses wired technologies such as T-carrier protocols, SONET, Frame Relay, ATM, DSL, MPLS and various wired network technologies including Ethernet, network cabling standards, switches, routers and topologies. It also discusses wireless technologies such as CDMA2000, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, WiMAX, Bluetooth, IrDA and network protocols including the OSI model and TCP/IP model.
The document provides an overview of wired and wireless telecommunication and network technologies. It discusses wired technologies such as T-carrier protocols, SONET, Frame Relay, ATM, DSL, MPLS and various wired network technologies including Ethernet, network cabling standards, switches, routers and topologies. It also discusses wireless technologies such as CDMA2000, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, WiMAX, Bluetooth, IrDA and network protocols including the OSI model and TCP/IP model.
The document discusses wireless sensor network challenges and various wireless communication standards. It introduces Zigbee as a new low power protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN). Zigbee is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and targets applications that require low data rates, long battery life, and secure networking. It provides features like mesh networking, an extended 64-bit addressing scheme and encryption for reliable and secure communication in WSNs.
This document provides an overview of wide-area network (WAN) technologies and considerations for connecting local area networks (LANs). It discusses the building blocks of LAN/WAN networks such as hubs, bridges, switches, and routers. It then covers various telephone company WAN services like leased lines, switched 56, ISDN, frame relay, and ATM. The document outlines factors to consider like network design, protocols, and positioning technologies in the OSI model. It also compares different WAN technologies and provides guidance on choosing the right solution based on application needs.
MeshDynamics Mesh Networks- High Level OverviewMeshDynamics
MeshDynamics Third Generation Mesh Architecture: Earlier-generation mesh networking products perform poorly in multi-hop (node-to-node relay) environments. MeshDynamics' patented low latency multiple radio wireless mesh preserves high performance [over multiple hops] that's been available only in wired networks until today.
This document provides an overview of 5G technology and its advantages over 4G LTE. It discusses the different 5G use cases like enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT, and critical communications. It describes the evolution of radio technology including the use of new spectrum bands and massive MIMO. It also covers network architecture aspects such as centralized RAN deployments and functional splits between centralized and distributed units. The document is intended as a tutorial for IP engineers to understand 5G network capabilities and requirements.
IEEE 802 standards define networking protocols including Ethernet. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD to manage network access and avoid collisions. Common Ethernet cabling types include 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T, and 10Base-F, which use different media like coaxial cable, twisted pair, or fiber and have varying maximum distances. Devices connect to a hub or bridge to extend a local area network.
The document is a product datasheet for the Cirrus High Power Series CLOUDNET 5000M wireless access point. [1] It is a high-performance 5GHz outdoor wireless access point that provides secure, reliable point-to-multipoint connectivity for internet service providers and other organizations. [2] Key features include high speeds of up to 70Mbps, long range, multiple non-overlapping channels, robust security, and easy installation. [3] It is designed for applications such as wireless backhaul, redundant cellular backup, and providing internet access to remote areas.
LAN technologies allow computers to communicate over a shared medium. They use hardware addressing and MAC addresses to allow direct communication between any two hosts. Network interface cards connect computers to the physical network and use MAC addresses to identify devices. Common LAN technologies include Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and Wi-Fi, which use CSMA/CD protocols and packet framing to share the transmission medium.
This document discusses how carrier-grade Ethernet can ensure reliable communications for utility networks transitioning to support smart grid applications. It covers Ethernet mechanisms that provide carrier-grade performance such as quality of service, resiliency, monitoring and timing synchronization. Choosing between IP, MPLS and Ethernet options is discussed. The document also addresses network security considerations and introduces RAD's carrier-grade Ethernet product portfolio for power utilities.
This document provides an overview of Ethernet and discusses its frame structure, operation as an unreliable and connectionless protocol, and use of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) as its medium access method. It describes the Ethernet frame format and how switches encapsulate IP datagrams into Ethernet frames for transmission. It explains that Ethernet is unreliable and connectionless, and how gaps in received datagrams are handled. It then details the CSMA/CD algorithm, including how adapters sense the channel before transmitting, abort transmissions upon detecting collisions, and employ exponential backoff to space out retransmission attempts. State diagrams and flow charts are provided to illustrate the CSMA/CD process.
The document discusses several networking technologies and standards including Ethernet, token passing, wireless, FDDI, and various cable standards. Ethernet using CSMA/CD is currently the most common technology and operates at speeds between 3-1000 Mbps using UTP cable. Token passing networks avoid collisions but have higher overhead. Wireless networks use radio frequencies and CSMA/CA. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) uses token passing over fiber optic cable at 100 Mbps. Fast Ethernet includes 100BaseTX at 100 Mbps over CAT5 cable. Gigabit Ethernet includes 1000BaseT at 1 Gbps over CAT5e/6 cable. 10 Gigabit Ethernet allows 10 Gbps transmission over fiber using the 10G
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals and the TCP/IP protocol stack. It begins with an agenda that covers networking technology, network architecture, protocols, and utilities. It then discusses network topologies, protocols like TCP and IP, and common network tools such as ping, traceroute, netstat, and ipconfig. The goal is to teach basic networking concepts in order to use network monitoring solutions effectively.
IEEE - Standards.
Ethernet Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC) sublayers.
Historic Ethernet: The foundation for Ethernet technology in 1970 was Alohanet.
Early Ethernet Media used coaxial cable to connect computers in a bus topology. It was known as Thicknet (10BASE5) and Thinnet (10BASE2).
Ethernet Collision Management.
There are two styles of Ethernet framing: IEEE 802.3 (original) and the revised IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet).
CSMA/CD, Carrier Sensle, Multiple Access, Collision Detection, JAM Signal and Random Backoff.
Ethernet Timing and latency.
Bit Time: The period of time required for a bit to be placed and sensed on the media.
Slot Time: is the time it takes for an electronic pulse to travel the length of the maximum theoretical distance between two nodes.
Inter-frame spacing.
Ethernet Types
Dokumen tersebut membahas konsep dasar etika keperawatan yang mencakup pengertian etika, nilai, moral, etika keperawatan, tujuan pendidikan etika keperawatan, isu-isu etika keperawatan seperti standar profesi, implikasi komitmen keperawatan, advokasi, kesejawatan, serta azas-azas dasar etika keperawatan seperti menghormati otonomi pasien, manfaat, tidak merugikan, kejujuran dan kerahasiaan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang etika dan profesionalisme dalam teknologi sistem komputer dan informasi. Secara garis besar dibahas tentang pengertian etika, tujuan mempelajari etika, pengertian baik dan buruk menurut berbagai aliran pemikiran etika, serta pengertian dan ciri-ciri profesionalisme.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Metode blackbox testing memfokuskan pada fungsi software dan menguji berbagai kondisi input untuk memastikan seluruh syarat fungsional terpenuhi.
2. Teknik-teknik blackbox testing seperti equivalence partitioning dan boundary value analysis membantu mendesain kasus uji untuk mendeteksi berbagai jenis kesalahan.
3. Uji komparasi antar implementasi independen dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan keandalan software kritis
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengujian perangkat lunak, meliputi definisi pengujian perangkat lunak, tujuan pengujian, jenis-jenis pengujian seperti unit testing dan integration testing, serta strategi pengujian seperti incremental testing dan black box testing versus white box testing.
I apologize, upon reviewing the document further, it does not contain a clear problem statement or question for me to summarize. The document seems to be discussing white box testing techniques such as basis path testing and cyclomatic complexity but does not provide a concise summary topic. Could you please provide more context on what aspect of the document you would like me to summarize?
Teknik pengujian perangkat lunak meliputi pengujian black box dan white box. Pengujian white box melibatkan pengujian struktur kontrol logika perangkat lunak untuk memastikan semua jalur dieksekusi. Metode pengujian berbasis jalur menggunakan graf aliran untuk mengidentifikasi jalur independen dan menentukan jumlah kasus pengujian minimum.
Teknik uji coba blackbox seperti equivalence partitioning dan boundary value analysis dapat digunakan untuk merancang kasus uji yang mencakup seluruh domain input dan batasan sistem. Uji coba perbandingan dapat dilakukan untuk versi independen software kritis untuk memastikan konsistensi hasil. Uji coba sistem real-time memerlukan pendekatan khusus seperti pengujian tugas, perilaku, dan antartugas untuk mendeteksi kesalahan terkait waktu.
Bab 4 menjelaskan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu metode observasional dan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 134 orang lanjut usia di Jambangan, Surabaya dengan 104 responden. Variabel penelitian terdiri atas variabel bebas (faktor kesehatan, ekonomi, sosial) dan variabel terikat (kemandirian). Instrumen penelitian divalidasi dan diuji reliabilitasnya menggunakan Alpha Cron
Teknik pengujian perangkat lunak meliputi pengujian black box dan white box. Pengujian white box melibatkan pengujian struktur kontrol program dengan merancang kasus tes yang mengeksekusi setiap jalur logika. Kompleksitas siklomatik digunakan untuk mengukur jumlah jalur independen dan menentukan jumlah tes minimum.
Teknik pengujian perangkat lunak meliputi pengujian black box dan white box. Pengujian white box melibatkan pengujian struktur kontrol logika perangkat lunak untuk memastikan semua jalur dieksekusi. Metode pengujian berbasis jalur menggunakan graf aliran untuk mengidentifikasi jalur independen dan menetapkan jumlah kasus pengujian minimum.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengujian perangkat lunak, meliputi definisi pengujian perangkat lunak, tujuan pengujian, jenis-jenis pengujian seperti unit testing dan integration testing, serta strategi pengujian seperti incremental testing dan black box testing versus white box testing.
I apologize, upon reviewing the document further, it does not contain a clear problem statement or question for me to summarize. The document seems to be discussing white box testing techniques but does not provide enough context in 3 sentences for me to determine the key points being conveyed. Can you provide additional details on what aspect of the document you would like me to summarize?
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Data Warehouse dan OLAP yang merupakan elemen penting dalam mendukung pengambilan keputusan. Data Warehouse digunakan untuk menyimpan dan mengintegrasikan data dari berbagai sumber agar mudah diakses dan dianalisis guna pengambilan keputusan bisnis, sedangkan OLAP berfungsi untuk mengubah data menjadi struktur multidimensi yang memudahkan analisis.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Data Warehouse dan OLAP sebagai elemen penting dalam mendukung pengambilan keputusan. Data Warehouse digunakan untuk menyimpan dan mengintegrasikan data dari berbagai sumber agar dapat dilakukan analisis cepat untuk pengambilan keputusan bisnis, sedangkan OLAP berfungsi untuk mengubah data menjadi struktur multidimensi yang memudahkan analisis.
Modul 16 membahas percobaan sistem komunikasi Bluetooth untuk transmisi data, meliputi tujuan percobaan mengenali konfigurasi dan indikator WPAN Bluetooth serta aplikasinya, peralatan yang diperlukan, teori penunjang seperti pengertian Bluetooth dan aplikasi/layanannya, langkah-langkah percobaan seperti instalasi awal, transfer data, dan PAN, serta pengukuran pengaruh jarak terhadap koneksi Bluetooth."
The document provides guidelines for installing premises cabling systems, including considerations for installing twisted pair, optical fiber, cable management, labeling, and termination. Key points covered include bend radius limits, pulling tensions, support spacing, minimizing sharp bends and compression, proper slack at jacks and racks, pathway types, and wiring standard color codes and pinouts.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
3. Structured Cabling Systems
Network Specific Cabling System
A specified cabling system designed to be
installed according to a manufacturer's or
network’s standard set of rules. i.e.. IBM
Cabling Systems and IEEE 802.3, 10 Base 2
Open Cabling System
A generic telecommunications cabling system
for commercial buildings that will support a
multiproduct, multivendor environment
3
5. DNA
Distributed Network Architecture
Work Area
Telecommunications
Closet
Work Area
Telecommunications
Closet
Work Area
Equipment Room/
Entrance Facility
5
6. DNA
Distributed Network Architecture
Telecommunications Closet
Max 90 m
Max 500 m (fiber)
Telecommunications Closet
Equipment Room
Server
6
7. DNA
Advantages/Disadvantages
• Advantages
− Ideal for large buildings and multi-building campuses
− Based upon TIA/EIA & ISO Standard Architecture
− Low fiber count backbones
• Disadvantages
− Electronics are distributed
− MAC’s are more complicated
− Administration time and costs are high
− Port utilization and efficiency typically poor
7
8. CNA
Centralized Network Architecture
Single User
or
Zone
Splice or
Interconnect
Pull-Through
Cables
Centralized Cross-
Connect/Electronics
8
9. CNA
Centralized Network Architecture
Telecommunications
Closet ? Max 300 m total (fiber)
Interconnect or splice
Equipment Room
Server
9
10. CNA
Advantages/Disadvantages
• Advantages
− MAC’s are much easier and less costly
− Administration time and costs are lower
− Increased port utilization and efficiency
− Based upon TIA/EIA TSB-72
− Less space utilized in Telecommunications closets
− Quick path for network migration
− Fewer points of failure
• Disadvantages
− Initial installation costs
− Higher cost of optical electronics
− Perceived single point of failure
10
11. Home Run Cabling
Telecommunications
Closet
Single-User
Cable & Outlets
•Splice or Pull Thru
for CNA
•Cross Connect and
Electronics for DNA
11
13. Zone Distribution
Advantages/Disadvantages
• Advantages
− Reduced costs over life of cabling due to less re-cabling
− cabling from TC to distribution point stays permanent
− Faster MACs
− Less office disruption
− Less down-time and productivity loss during MACs
• Disadvantages
− Initial installation costs
− Perceived lower performance due to additional connection
point
13
14. Architectures
Zone
DNA
or Zone
CNA
Home Run
Equipment Room/
Entrance Facility
14
15. MHz vs. Mbps
100 MHz is NOT the same as 100 Mbps
• Bandwidth (MHz) is:
− The frequency range across which components and systems are
specified
− Not based on a particular application or data rate
• Data Rate (Mbps) is:
− How fast you can pump data through a system with a given
bandwidth
− Dependent on the application and encoding scheme
15
16. MHz vs. Mbps
Frequency = 1 Car /sec (Hertz)
A B Transferred Data = 1 Bits /sec (Bps)
Frequency = 2 Car /sec (Hertz)
A B Transferred Data = 2 Bits /sec (Bps)
Frequency = 2 Car /sec (Hertz)
A B Transferred Data = 6 Bits /sec (Bps)
Frequency = 2 Car /sec (Hertz)
A B Transferred Data = 12 Bits /sec (Bps)
16
20. Media Selection Criteria
Networks Initial Long Term
EMC Distance Bandwidth
Supported Cost Cost
UTP Good Good Good Good Best Good
STP Better Good Better Better Better Better
Optical Best
Best Best Best Best Good
Fiber
20
21. Standards Bodies
ISO
CENELEC AS/NZS ANSI IEC CSA
TIA EIA
EN50173 AS/NZS 3080 TIA/EIA-568A ISO/IEC 11801 CSA T 527
AS 3084 TIA/EIA-569 CSA T 530
AS/NZS 3085 TIA/EIA-606 CSA T 529
TIA/EIA-607 CSA T 528
21
22. Star Topology
MC/CD
IC/BD
(optional)
HC/FD
Backbone Cabling Horizontal Cabling Work area
22
23. Cross-Connects/Distributors
Main Cross-Connect/
Campus Distributor
Intermediate Intermediate
Cross-Connect/ Cross-Connect/
Building Distributor Building Distributor
Horizontal Horizontal
Cross-Connect/ Cross-Connect/
Floor Distributor Floor Distributor
23
44. Horizontal Pathways
UTP/FTP INSTALLATION PRACTICE
Cable, connectors, and patch cords of same category or higher.
Untwist of cable pairs <13 mm (0.5 in.) for category
5 applications.
Maximum pulling tension for 4 pair 24 AWG (0.5 mm)
should not exceed 110 N (25 lbf) .
Elimination of cable stress caused by tension in suspended
cable runs and tight clinched cable bundles (cable ties).
Bend radius > four times the cable diameter for 4 pair UTP
and > ten times the cable diameter for multi-pr UTP cable.
FTP cable shield must be grounded to the Telecommunication
Grounding Busbar.
44
45. Horizontal Pathways
FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATION PRACTICE
Maximum Pulling Force Should Be Marked on
Cable Reel by Manufacturer
Average pull tension is 200 lbs.
No less than 20 times the diameter when pulling cable
No less than 10 times the diameter when placed
Cabling Must Be Polarized
Cabling Shall Be Tested for Polarity and
Attenuation
45
49. Telecommunications Closet
TYPICAL FLOOR LAYOUT
Area B Area C
530 m 530 m
(5,300) ft Telecommunications Telecommunications (5,300) ft
Closet B Closet C
75 uit
(3" m o nd
) m Core Area
m mC
Co
nd 75 ")
uit (3
Area A Telecommunications
Closet A
800 m
(8,000) ft
49
50. Telecommunications Closet
TYPICAL CLOSET DESIGN 100mm
(4") 25-100mm
(1-3") Max
Typical Conduit
Sleeve Through
Floor
Ladder Rack (Above Relay Racks) Equipment
Power
Power 20mm (3/4 )
Equipment Bar Instrument Power
Power Power Bar Plywood
Front
Front
Backboard
Rear 1m (39" Plus) Aisle Rear
(Equipment Repair Distribution
and Install) Facilities
90 19" Equipment 19" Equipment to Offices
W 0m Rack Ceiling Rack
ith m
Lo (36 Fluorescent Ceiling Level
c k ") Fixture Ladder Rack
Ex x18
t e 00 Ceiling Ceiling
rn m Closet
al m Fluorescent Fluorescent
ly (7 Interconnecting
O 2" Fixture Fixture
pe ) Conduit
ne Do
d or (Fire Stopped)
O
nl
y 3x100mm (4") Sleeves Ceiling Level
(Minimum) Ladder Rack
Distribution 20mm (3/4 )
Facilities Plywood
to Office Backboard
50
58. Horizontal Pathways
• Underfloor Systems
− Underfloor Duct
− Cellular Floor
• Access Floor Systems
• Conduit Systems
• Cable Trays and Wireways
• Ceiling Pathways
• Perimeter Pathways
• Miscellaneous Pathways
58
59. Horizontal Pathways
UNDERFLOOR DUCT
Concrete
Two Level
Flushduct TC
Multichannel
Raceway
Feeder Duct
Junction Box
Distribution
Duct
59
60. Horizontal Pathways
CELLULAR FLOOR
TYPES
Steel TC
Concrete
Power
Voice
Trough
Data
60
61. Horizontal Pathways
ACCESS FLOOR
TYPES TC
Stringered
Free Standing
Cornerlock
MINIMUM HEIGHTS
General Office Areas = 150mm (6")
Computer Area or Plenum = 300mm (12")
61
62. Horizontal Pathways
CONDUIT SYSTEMS
TYPES Pull Box
Metallic Tubing
TC
Rigid Metal
Rigid PVC
- Length no more than 30 meters
or contain more than two 90o bends
62
69. Structured Cabling Systems
BACKBONE CABLING TOPOLOGY
LEGEND
CROSS CONNECT X
ENTRANCE FACILITY EF
EQUIPMENT ROOM ER
INTERMEDIATE CROSS CONNECT IC
MC MAIN CROSS CONNECT MC
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CLOSET TC
ER BACKBONE WORK AREA WA
HORIZONTAL CROSSCONNECT HC
CABLING
MECHANICAL TERMINATION
BACKBONE
SPLICE
CABLING IC
TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET
ER
BACKBONE
BACKBONE
CABLING
CABLING
HC HC HC HC HC HC
HORIZONTAL
CABLING
WA WA WA WA WA WA
69
70. Backbone Media Considerations
UTP/FTP
Consider bandwidth, Shielded Twisted Pair
architecture and budget
for this one. fiber
70
71. Backbone Media
Media Conductor Connector
Bandwidth
Type Construction Type
100Ω/120Ω 24 AWG Solid up to 8-Position
CAT 3 UTP (patch - stranded) 16 MHz IDC
100Ω/120Ω 24 AWG Solid up to 8-Position
CAT 5 UTP (patch - stranded) 100 MHz IDC
22 AWG Solid
up to 4-Position
150Ω STP-A (patch - 26 AWG
300 MHz Data
stranded)
62.5/125µm up to Duplex
OPTICAL Multi-mode 500 MHz-km 568SC
FIBER 50/125µm
SC-D
Multi-mode
Enhanced CAT 5 CAT6 (250 MHz) CAT 7 (600 MHz)
71
72. Backbone Distances
HC/FD A MC/CD EP
C
HC/FD B IC/BD
MEDIA A B C
UTP voice 800 m/2624ft 500 m/1640ft 300 m/984ft
UTP data 90 m/295ft
STP-A 90 m/295ft
Multimode Fiber 2000 m/6560ft 500 m/1640ft 1500 m/4920ft
Singlemode Fiber 3000 m/9840ft 500 m/1640ft 2500 m/8200ft
72
73. Structured Cabling Systems
BACKBONE CONNECTOR SELECTION
EIGHT POSITION MODULAR JACK AND PLUG
4 POSITION DATA CONNECTOR
DUPLEX SC FIBER CONNECTOR
73
74. Backbone Planning
• Sizing per number of strands/pairs
• Sizing per bandwidth
• Intrabuilding Routing
− Riser
• Interbuilding Routing
− Underground
− Buried
− Aerial
• Fault Tolerance/Redundancy
74
75. Backbone Sizing - Counts
COPPER PAIRS/
NETWORK TYPE FIBER STRANDS
10 BASE-T 2
Token Ring RING IN - 2 / RING OUT -2
100BASE-T/SX/LX 2
FDDI DAS - 4 / SAS - 2
155 Mbps ATM 2
1000BASE-T 4/2
1.2 Gbps ATM ?
75
76. Optical Fiber Bandwidth and Length
Specifications
Network Bandwidth.Km Maximum Length
Fiber Type Platforms (850nm/1300nm) (850nm/1300nm)
10-100 Base T/155 Mpbs ATM 160/500 2000m/2000m
62.5/125 622 Mbps ATM 160/500 300m/500m
1000 Base T/1.2 Gbps ATM 160/500 220m/550m
2.5 Gbps ATM 160/500 100m/300m
10-100 Base T/155 Mbps ATM 500/500 2000m/2000m
50/125 622 Mpbs ATM 500/500 500m/2000m
1000 Base T/1.2 Gbps ATM 500/500 550m/550m
2.5 Gbps ATM 500/500 300m/300m
Network Bandwidth.Km Maximum Length
Fiber Type Platforms (1310nm/1550nm) (1310nm/1550nm)
Single Mode All Platforms Virtually Unlimited 3000m/3000m
76
84. Interbuilding Backbone
TIA/EIA 568A
LEGEND
BUILDING 1 CROSS CONNECT X
TC ENTRANCE FACILITY EF
TC EQUIPMENT ROOM
INTERMEDIATE CROSS CONNECT
ER
IC
MAIN CROSS CONNECT MC
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CLOSET TC
WORK AREA WA
MECHANICAL TERMINATION
TC
TO LOCAL EXCHANGE EF MC SPLICE
TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET
CARRIER ER ER
IC TC
ER
INTERBUILDING BACKBONE CABLING
IC TC TC TC
ER
BUILDING 3
TC TC
BUILDING 2
84
85. Interbuilding Backbone
FAULT TOLERANT DESIGN
LEGEND
BUILDING 1 CROSS CONNECT X
TC ENTRANCE FACILITY EF
TC EQUIPMENT ROOM
INTERMEDIATE CROSS CONNECT
ER
IC
MAIN CROSS CONNECT MC
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CLOSET TC
WORK AREA WA
MECHANICAL TERMINATION
TC
EF MC SPLICE
TO LOCAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET
EXCHANGE CARRIER ER ER
IC TC
ER
IC TC TC TC
ER
TC FAULT TOLERANT BACKBONE BUILDING 3
TC
BUILDING 2
85
90. Interbuilding Pathway Variables
− applicable codes
− aesthetics of building and surrounding location
− type and use of building
− future growth
− difficulty of adding pathways in the future
− type, size, length, and number of cables to be
installed
− separation from electrical facilities
− physical possibilities (ground topologies, soil
conditions, obstructions)
− an alternate entrance
− use of corrosion resistant pathways and
associated hardware
90
94. Intra-building Riser Schematic
TC TC IC
2nd Floor 2nd Floor 2nd Floor
IC TC MC
1st Floor 1st Floor 1st Floor
ER
TC TC IC
Basement Groundfloor Groundfloor
OFFICE BLOCK MAIN BLOCK
94
95. TIA/EIA-606 Administration
Pathway Space
Termination Identifiers Termination
Hardware Position
Cable Grounding
Required Linkages
Pathway Space
Termination Termination
Hardware Records Position
Cable Grounding
95
96. Color - Coding
COLOR TERMINATION TYPE
BLUE Horizontal (Station)Cable
WHITE First-Level Backbone - MC-IC Terminations
GREY Second-Level Backbone - IC-TC Terminations
BROWN Interbuilding Backbone - Campus Terminations
ORANGE Demarcation Point - Central Office terminations
GREEN Network Connections
RED Key Telephone Systems
PURPLE Common Equipment
YELLOW Miscellaneous - auxiliary, alarms, security
96
97. TIA/EIA-607 Schematic
TBBIBC
TGB TGB
TC TC
Metal Frame
of Building Panelboard
TGB TGB
TC TC
TBB TBB
TBB
TMGB TGB
EF ER
97
98. DNA
Distributed Network Architecture
Work Area
Telecommunications
Closet
Work Area
Telecommunications
Closet
Work Area
Equipment Room/
Entrance Facility
98
110. Sizing The Zone - Example
columns 30’
Example Office:
30’
• 8100 ft2 open office
• Typical office layout:
8’x8’ offices in
6-office clusters
• 3 Communications
ports/office
110
111. Sizing The Zone - Example
30’
22-1/2’
Possible solution:
• 12 Zones
• 675 ft2/zone
• 18 Ports min/zone
• (24 Ports for spare
capacity)
111
112. Distribution Point Location Example
Zone Size Example:
• 675 ft2, 30’ x 22-1/2’ 30’
Possible Solution:
• Locate CP/MUO on columns 22-1/2’
• Max distance from CP to
outlet = 52-1/2’ (16 m)
• Max distance from MUO to
workstation = 52-1/2’ (16 m) closet
• Max distance from closet to
CP/MUO = 105’ (32 m)
(< 90 m max allowance)
• Allow for various ceiling
heights in either solution
Caution:
Ensure that locations nearest closet do not violate 15 m min
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