Internet2 will be aggressive in its deployment of its Innovation Platform in order to allow its members to capitalize on the groundswell of support for high-speed software defined networking - summer of networking, Chris Robb, Indiana University/Internet2
The session begins with an overview on the basic impairments in a fiber based optical network. It will then cover what technologies are available to alleviate these linear and non-linear impairments. The fundamental components of DWDM (ie filters, optical amplifiers, lasers, & receivers) will also be covered. The basic design principles that go into designing DWDM networks will be discussed. Converged platforms based on OTN infrastructures have been introduced into the transport network recently and this will be covered. Lastly, innovations in DWDM transport such as 200G transmission, Flex Spectrum ROADM and control plane integration will be summarized.
The session begins with an overview on the basic impairments in a fiber based optical network. It will then cover what technologies are available to alleviate these linear and non-linear impairments. The fundamental components of DWDM (ie filters, optical amplifiers, lasers, & receivers) will also be covered. The basic design principles that go into designing DWDM networks will be discussed. Converged platforms based on OTN infrastructures have been introduced into the transport network recently and this will be covered. Lastly, innovations in DWDM transport such as 200G transmission, Flex Spectrum ROADM and control plane integration will be summarized.
Course Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM): TechNet Augusta 2015AFCEA International
August 24, 2015
Dennis Troxel
Transition Networks
This Technology overview outlines the technology of Course Wave Division Multiplexing including real world government application examples to demonstrate the value of:
A) Overcoming Fiber Exhaustion
B) Increasing Fiber Bandwidth capacity
C) Providing Multiple Services over existing Fiber Pairs
Cisco DWDM Chromatic Dispertion Calculation in CTP\XLSValery Kayukov
Cisco DWDM Chromatic Dispertion Calculation in CTP\XLS:
- Princiopals of CD
- Measurement of CD
- Manual calculation in XLS
- Automatic Calculation in CTP
View all Sessions
Kashif Islam, Solutions Architect , Cisco
Jay Romero, Sr. Director, IT Operations , Erickson Living
Come and learn how Erickson Living achieved deployment success using Cisco ME4600 based GPON Solution. Guest Presenter: Jay Romero, Sr.Director - IT Operations. Passive Optical Networks (PON) provides an effective and efficient way of providing fiber based high speed access to residential and business users. With the ever-growing demand for higher bandwidth, service providers are looking for fiber solutions that are cost-effective and easy to deploy and manage. This session will provide an insight into PON technology, with a focus on Gigabit-Capable PON. Attendees will learn basic design principles and applicable use cases for architecting a GPON Network using the Cisco ME4600 OLT and ONT/ONU. The presentation will outline the requirements to configure and verify an end-to-end service over ME4600 OLT. Redundancy mechanisms, such as Type B protection, in a GPON based environment will also be covered Attendees will walk away from this session with a firm understanding of the GPON technology, a clear view of applicability of GPON vs point-to-point ethernet for varius scenarios and reference designs for an effective, fast and reliable GPON network using Cisco ME4600 series of OLT and ONT products.
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE) is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second (10×109 or 10 billion bits per second). It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard.
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a technology that puts data from
different sources together on an optical fiber, with each signal carried at the same time on its own separate light wavelength.
2015 02 04 international optical transport developments wdm africa 2015Xtera Communications
This presentation reviews the current status and the forecast for international connectivity to Africa and traffic demands inside the continent. In a second step, the technical solutions, including wider spectrum as enabled by Xtera’s Wise Raman technology, to respond to the traffic growth are described. This presentation was delivered at WDM & Next Generation Optical Networking Africa 2015 conference (4-5 February 2015 – Cape Town, South Africa).
Presentazione Futurology 10-40-100 GBEthernet tratta dal seminario internazionale Helping you to build a better networks conclusosi lo scorso luglio a LISBONA Portogallo
Course Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM): TechNet Augusta 2015AFCEA International
August 24, 2015
Dennis Troxel
Transition Networks
This Technology overview outlines the technology of Course Wave Division Multiplexing including real world government application examples to demonstrate the value of:
A) Overcoming Fiber Exhaustion
B) Increasing Fiber Bandwidth capacity
C) Providing Multiple Services over existing Fiber Pairs
Cisco DWDM Chromatic Dispertion Calculation in CTP\XLSValery Kayukov
Cisco DWDM Chromatic Dispertion Calculation in CTP\XLS:
- Princiopals of CD
- Measurement of CD
- Manual calculation in XLS
- Automatic Calculation in CTP
View all Sessions
Kashif Islam, Solutions Architect , Cisco
Jay Romero, Sr. Director, IT Operations , Erickson Living
Come and learn how Erickson Living achieved deployment success using Cisco ME4600 based GPON Solution. Guest Presenter: Jay Romero, Sr.Director - IT Operations. Passive Optical Networks (PON) provides an effective and efficient way of providing fiber based high speed access to residential and business users. With the ever-growing demand for higher bandwidth, service providers are looking for fiber solutions that are cost-effective and easy to deploy and manage. This session will provide an insight into PON technology, with a focus on Gigabit-Capable PON. Attendees will learn basic design principles and applicable use cases for architecting a GPON Network using the Cisco ME4600 OLT and ONT/ONU. The presentation will outline the requirements to configure and verify an end-to-end service over ME4600 OLT. Redundancy mechanisms, such as Type B protection, in a GPON based environment will also be covered Attendees will walk away from this session with a firm understanding of the GPON technology, a clear view of applicability of GPON vs point-to-point ethernet for varius scenarios and reference designs for an effective, fast and reliable GPON network using Cisco ME4600 series of OLT and ONT products.
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE) is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second (10×109 or 10 billion bits per second). It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard.
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a technology that puts data from
different sources together on an optical fiber, with each signal carried at the same time on its own separate light wavelength.
2015 02 04 international optical transport developments wdm africa 2015Xtera Communications
This presentation reviews the current status and the forecast for international connectivity to Africa and traffic demands inside the continent. In a second step, the technical solutions, including wider spectrum as enabled by Xtera’s Wise Raman technology, to respond to the traffic growth are described. This presentation was delivered at WDM & Next Generation Optical Networking Africa 2015 conference (4-5 February 2015 – Cape Town, South Africa).
Presentazione Futurology 10-40-100 GBEthernet tratta dal seminario internazionale Helping you to build a better networks conclusosi lo scorso luglio a LISBONA Portogallo
Invited paper at ACP 2014 in Shanghai - Introduction to raman amplification and its applications and benefits in terrestrial, submarine unrepeatered and repeatered optical communications for long haul and high capacity DWDM systems
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE, 10GbE, or 10 GigE) is a group of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of 10 gigabits per second (10×109 or 10 billion bits per second). It was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 standard.
The Pug is a breed of dog with a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail. The breed has a fine, glossy coat that comes in a variety of colours, most often fawn or black, and a compact square body with well-developed muscles.
Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart.In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family. Pugs are known for being sociable and gentle companion dogs.[3] The breed remains popular into the twenty-first century, with some famous celebrity owners. A pug was judged Best in Show at the World Dog Show in 2004.
Donald J. Trump For President, Inc. –– Why Now?
On November 8, 2016, the American People delivered a historic victory and took our country back. This victory was the result of a Movement to put America first, to save the American economy, and to make America once again a shining city on the hill. But our Movement cannot stop now - we still have much work to do.
This is why our Campaign Committee, Donald J. Trump for President, Inc., is still here.
We will provide a beacon for this historic Movement as our lights continue to shine brightly for you - the hardworking patriots who have paid the price for our freedom. While Washington flourished, our American jobs were shipped overseas, our families struggled, and our factories closed - that all ended on January 20, 2017.
This Campaign will be a voice for all Americans, in every city near and far, who support a more prosperous, safe and strong America. That’s why our Campaign cannot stop now - our Movement is just getting started.
Together, we will Make America Great Again!
The Next Generation Multimode Fiber: Wide Bandwidth MMFLizGoldsmith
Learn about Wide Band Multimode Fiber (WBMMF) -- the application drivers, multiplexing technology, parallel fiber transmission, and Short Wavelength Wave Division Multiplexing. This presentation will also review the cabling evolution roadmap and the WBMMF specification framework.
Presented virtually by Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, BT Technology on 06 Aug 2020.
Andy provides an update and review of the transformational plans, capabilities and outcomes from 5G deployments in the UK. 5G networks are already enabling a step change in the range and capability of innovative applications from IoT to robotics. That pace of change is due to accelerate as 5G moves from its initial enhanced mobile broadband phase to deliver ultra-reliable and low latency communications along with massive machine type connectivity.
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
This slide deck presents a user case by Microsoft (Mark Filer) for a 100G DWDM alternative to Coherent systems <80km using the PAM-4 approach. Fujitsu (Muhammed Sarwar) and Finisar (Gert Sarlet) present the case for Coherent. Inphi (Radha Nagarajan) and ADVA (Joerg-Peter Elbers) present the case for the PAM-4 approach. IEEE (John D'Ambrosia) weighs in from the standards perspective.
Updated Policy Brief: Cooperatives Bring Fiber Internet Access to Rural AmericaEd Dodds
Originally published in 2017, our report, Cooperatives Fiberize Rural America: A Trusted Model for the Internet Era, focuses on cooperatives as a proven model for deploying fiber optic Internet access across the country. An update in the spring of 2019 included additional information about the rate co-ops are expanding Internet service, and now we’ve updated it again, with a new map and personal stories from areas where co-ops have drastically impacted local life.
Digital Inclusion and Meaningful Broadband Adoption Initiatives Colin Rhinesm...Ed Dodds
This report presents findings from a national study of digital inclusion organizations that help low-income individuals and families adopt high-speed Internet service. The study looked at eight digital inclusion organizations across the United States that are working at the important intersection between making high-speed Internet available and strengthening digital skills—two essential and interrelated components of digital inclusion, which is focused on increasing digital access, skills, and relevant content.
Innovation Accelerators:
Defining Characteristics Among Startup Assistance Organizations by C. Scott Dempwolf, Jennifer Auer, and
Michelle D’Ippolito
Optimal Solutions Group, LLC
College Park, MD 20740
contract number SBAHQ -13-M-0197
Release Date: October 2014
This report was developed under a contract with the Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, and contains information and analysis that were reviewed by officials of the Office of Advocacy. However, the final conclusions of the report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Office of Advocacy.
Executive Summary. Thriving in a Turbulent, Technological and Transformed Global Economy | Council on Competitiveness 900 17th Street, NW, Suite 700 Washington, D.C. 20006 T 202 682 4292 Compete.org
America has long been a nation of innovators. The United States is the birthplace of the Internet, which today connects three billion people around the world. American scientists and engineers sequenced the human genome, invented the semiconductor, and sent humankind to the moon. And America is not done yet. For an advanced economy such as the United States, innovation is a wellspring of economic growth. While many countries can grow by adopting existing technologies and business practices, America must continually innovate because our workers and firms are often operating at the technological frontier. Innovation is also a powerful tool for addressing our most pressing challenges as a nation, such as enabling more Americans to lead longer, healthier lives, and accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy.
Report to the President and Congress Ensuring Leadership in Federally Funded ...Ed Dodds
In the report, PCAST focuses on eight R&D areas: cybersecurity, IT and health, Big Data and data-intensive computing, IT and the physical world, privacy protection, cyber-human systems, high capability computing, and foundational computing research. All of these areas help to achieve the Nation’s priorities. For example, Big Data, IT and the physical world, and high-capability computing are essential contributors to addressing issues within energy and the environment.
Data Act Federal Register Notice Public Summary of ResponsesEd Dodds
Summary of Responses to the Treasury Bureau of the Fiscal Service Notice in the Federal Register on 9/26/2014 for “Public Input on the Establishment of Financial Data Standards (Data Exchange)
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
2. Topics
• Introduction
• Technical Background
• History of Internet2’s 100G Deployment
• Current Progress
• Lessons Learned
3. Who’s this guy?
• Why, I’m Chris Robb!
• Director of Engineering and Operations for Internet2
• But I work at IU. It’s all horribly confusing.
• Started in the trenches of UITS computer lab support
• Joined campus networking division as a programmer in 1998
• GlobalNOC engineer in 2001. First assignment: Hawaii!
• Managed the 2006 Internet2 transition to Level3
• Subcontracted to Internet2 in 2008
• My day consists of video conferencing, lunch, then more video
conferencing- usually in that order
• I also occasionally haunt the halls of the CIB
4. What’s Internet2?
• “Internet2 is an advanced networking consortium led by the
research and education community”
• Formed in 1996
• More than just a network
– Middleware
– Net+
– Security
– Research
– Measurement
• Based in Ann Arbor with offices in Washington DC, New York and
(soon) California
7. Dark Fiber
• Someone has to lay fiber in the ground
• Commonly laid along railway lines and interstate roads
• A lot of investment in the late 90s
• Multiple conduits installed
– Ability to blow fiber later
• Multi-strand cable (144ct is common, per conduit)
• Hut spacing defined at installation time
• Huge investment
– Nationally cost prohibitive
– Regionally expensive, but doable
• Sometimes not very well documented
12. Who can buy fiber?
• Depends on when you’re asking, who you’re asking, and who you are
• Early 2000s: plentiful supply of fiber (and companies that are no longer
around)
• Now: not so much
– Consolidation
– Not a lot of investment in fiber (exception: high frequency trading)
• Mostly carrier swaps and internal use
• Sold as an Indefeasible Right to Use (IRU), typically on a 20 year term
• Expensive!
• Activate Google Earth
13. OK, we have some fiber….
• What do you put on the fiber once it’s laid?
– Too expensive to just put a single signal on each fiber
• Client interfaces can only go so far
– 10GBase-SR – up to 300m (depending on fiber type)
– 10Gbase-LR – 1310nm – 10km
– 10GBase-ER – 1550nm – 40km
– 10GBase-ZR – 1550nm – 80km
• Put a switch every 80km?
– You saw those huts! Too little space.
– Who wants to manage that many devices? Too complex.
– There are only so many coal plants in the US. Too much power.
14. DWDM Optical Equipment
• Multiplex!
• Convert signals from client equipment (routers & switches) to specific
wavelengths of light (ITU grid)
• Combine the different wavelengths onto a common fiber on one end,
and separate them on the other end
• Uh oh! Light doesn’t travel far enough!
– Amplify!
– Periodically shoot the signal through erbium doped fiber spools that
amplify the signal
• The noise! The noise! Amplification also amplifies noise.
• Periodically regenerate the signal
• Break down the analog signal back into its digital form, then send it
out again as a newly cleaned up analog signal
15. DWDM History
• Early WDM (late 80s)
–Two widely separated wavelengths (1310, 1550nm)
• “Second generation” WDM (early 90s)
–Two to eight channels in 1550 nm window
–400+ GHz spacing
• DWDM systems (mid 90s)
–16 to 40 channels in 1550 nm window
–100 to 200 GHz spacing
• Next generation DWDM systems
–64 to 160 channels in 1550 nm window
–50 and 25 GHz spacing
15
16. ITU Wavelength Grid
1530.33 nm 1553.86 nm
0.80 nm
195.9 THz 193.0 THz
100 GHz
• ITU-T grid is based on 191.7 THz + 100 GHz
• It is a standard for laser in DWDM systems
Freq (THz) ITU Ch Wave (nm) 15201/252 15216 15800 15540 15454
192.90 29 1554.13 x x x x x
192.85 1554.54
192.80 28 1554.94 x x x x x
192.75 1555.34
192.70 27 1555.75 x x x x x
192.65 1556.15
192.60 26 1556.55 x x x x x
17. Modern Optical Components
• Fiber
• Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (“Amp”)
• Optical Add/Drop Multiplexor (“OADM”)
• Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexor (“ROADM”)
• Tributary (“Trib”) card
• And a few more concepts
– Directionless
– Colorless
• To the whiteboard!!
21. Transmission Effects
• Attenuation:
– Reduces power level with distance
• Dispersion and nonlinear effects:
– Erodes clarity with distance and speed
• Noise and Jitter:
Leading to a blurred image
22. National Routed Network
• How do you get millions of people connected to this capacity?
• Routers direct your data transfers around the country
• Generally large boxes at the national level ($500K-$1M each)
– Higher interface speeds (10Gbps+)
– Not a lot of edge features (traffic shaping, policing, etc.)
30. A Community Defines Its Future
• In June 2009, Internet2 and the R&E community
author the “Internet2 Architectural Directions”
Document….
• Multiples of 10GigE will be the primary transport to
Regional and State Networks over the next 3-5 years.
– 10G cost low compared to the cost of 40 or 100G
– Multiple large sub-10G flows the norm
• Internet2 Network access will be divorced from
physical interface speeds and available for
apportionment across the network
– Flexibility for connectors an important success factor.
31. Architectural Principles
• Native 100GigE at the optical layer is an
important technology to adopt today
– Take advantage of current opportunities to lay the
groundwork for future expansion.
• Collapsing Layer2 and Layer3 services onto a
single delivery platform is an important step
toward the hybridization of the network
– Reduce overall operating expenses to the Connectors
– Candidate technologies include MPLS L2
VPNs, Layer2 Ethernet VLANs and Virtual Private
LAN Service (VPLS).
32. Architectural Principles
• The Internet2 IP and Layer2 Networks
need a migration path to 40G and 100G in
the next few years
– Backbone must be able to efficiently handle
multiple simultaneous 7-10 G flows and individual
flows >10Gbps
• The Internet2 Network emphasis should
be on additional services and
technologies that will drive transport
bandwidth requirements
– The use case for the network drives the
technology of the network.
33. Architectural Principles
• Internet2 will coordinate with the Regional and
State Network partners to determine the most
optimal node quantity and locations
– Offer a flexible partnership with the connectors.
– Create more options for connections.
• As mission-critical applications become more
integral to the Regional cost-recovery
model, the Internet2 Network must focus on
enhanced redundancy where needed
– Many recent services and uses of the network require
increasingly reliable/redundant/resilient connectivity
34. Architectural Principles
• The Internet2 Network will continue to
be instrumented and operated in a
transparent fashion that supports the
end-to-end model
– The more information that is available about
the network the better everyone understands
the need for and requirements of the network.
35. Why is 100G So Important?
• Edge speeds are outpacing backbone speeds
– mid 2009 potential edge bandwidth was 17x the edge
bandwidth of 2001
• Traffic is steadily growing
• Large flows are becoming increasingly
commonplace
• 100Gbps will scale and become economically
cost effective
• Drive to innovate!
36. History of 100G and Internet2
• June 2009: Internet2 staff began polling the
community for set of technical principles to guide
staff efforts over the next several years
– Resulted in the “Internet2 Architectural Directions”
document that specifically called out 100Gbps
networking as a strategic direction
– AOAC approval of document on October 5th, 2009
• August 2009 Internet2 released an RFI to the
industry that sought industry feedback on a
100Gbps optical platform
37. Funding History
• In late summer of 2009, the NTIA released a
Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) for
broadband funding
– Broadband Technologies Opportunities Program
(BTOP)
– $7.2B in funding
• Internet2 decided not to respond to the first
round of funding so as not to compete with the
regional networks that were applying for funds
38. Funding
• Second round of BTOP funding in early 2010
• Internet2 submits a joint proposal with NLR, IU and the
Northern Tier Networking Consortium (NTNC)
– Obtain a partial national footprint and equip it with an
optical network
– Leverage the existing NLR and Internet2 optical paths
– Upgrade the NTNC network between Chicago and Seattle
– Upgrade all Internet2 routers to be 100G capable
– Upgrade the TR-CPS routers to newer hardware
– Create a “low-latency” layer of small routers at 27 sites
39.
40. Award and Change of Plans
• Internet2/NLR/NTNC were selected as the only
“national middle mile” network in the BTOP
program in late spring 2010
• During the due diligence phase, NLR opted to
step out of the partnership
– Network topology was refactored to a national
footprint to cover those sections of the country that
had been covered by NLR’s in-kind contribution
• Project officially started in July, 2010
41. Seattle
Spokane
Bozeman
Miles City
Portland Missoula Bismarck
Billings Fargo
Eugene Dickinson Albany
Boise
Minneapolis Boston
Madison Buffalo
Eau Claire Chicago Detroit
New York
Milwaukee
Salt Lake City
Reno Denver Cleveland Philadelphia
Sacramento Pittsburgh
Indianapolis Cincinatti
Sunnyvale Ashburn Washington DC
St. Louis
Kansas City
Las Vegas Louisville
Raleigh
Nashville
Charlotte
Memphis Chattanooga
Albuquerque Tulsa
Los Angeles San Diego
Phoenix
Jackson Atlanta
El Paso
Dallas
Jacksonville
Optical Add/Drop Facility
San Antonio
Optical Regeneration Facility Baton Rouge
Houston
42. Preliminary Optical RFI
• February 2010: meetings were scheduled with several
companies to review their offerings
– Evaluation was based on a number of different factors:
• Optical properties
• Control plane development
• Physical properties
• Road map for product availability and others
– From this review it was determined that there were optical
vendors with viable options for building the U.S. UCAN
network
– Accordingly they were given the option to respond to the
RFP for optical equipment in September 2010
43. RFP Issuance
• Based on this research potential vendors were identified:
– Cisco
– Infinera
– Ciena
• Internet2 released the U.S. UCAN Optical Network Request
for Proposal (RFP) on September 13, 2010, in collaboration
with Indiana University
• Vendor responses were due on September 22
– The response due date was extended three times:
• on September 17 Internet2 granted an extension to September 29
• on September 23 Internet2 granted an extension to October 5th
• on October 5 Internet2 granted an extension to October 9th
44. Review Team
• At the September NTAC meeting, Internet2
solicited volunteers from the community to
review the RFP responses
• A team of community members, Internet2
staff and IU NOC staff was assembled to
evaluate the responses
45. Team Outcome
• All three responses were outstanding and each vendor
included compelling and creative support for this
community effort.
– Infinera will provide an upgrade path for the Northern Tier
Networking Consortium on their next generation platform
– Ciena will provide the national footprint on its Activeflex
(formerly OME) 6500 platform
– Cisco is being engaged on a variety of fronts for parallel
efforts
• Recommendation presented to the AOAC on
November 10th
– AOAC endorsement and forward to Internet2 senior
management for final approval
46. Ciena Platform
• 100Gbps capable 80-channel DWDM system
– 100G cards shipping today
• ROADM-based solution at most or all
add/drop facilities
• Directionless capability in metro areas
• Non-Dispersion-Shifted approach provides
economical approach that reduces CAPEX
• Compact, scalable footprint that adapts to the
changing needs of our community
49. Internet2 Optical Network Topology
Seattle
Spokane
Bozeman
Miles City
Portland Missoula Bismarck
Billings Fargo
Eugene Dickinson Albany
Boise
Minneapolis Boston
Madison Buffalo
Eau Claire Chicago Detroit
New York
Milwaukee
Salt Lake City
Reno Denver Cleveland Philadelphia
Sacramento Pittsburgh
Indianapolis Cincinatti
Sunnyvale Ashburn Washington DC
St. Louis
Kansas City
Las Vegas Louisville
Raleigh
Nashville
Charlotte
Memphis Chattanooga
Albuquerque Tulsa
Los Angeles San Diego
Phoenix
Jackson Atlanta
El Paso
Dallas
Jacksonville
Optical Add/Drop Facility
San Antonio
Optical Regeneration Facility Baton Rouge
Houston
51. Phase 1 Progress – 100% Complete
• All fiber acquired and accepted
• All Optical Equipment Installed
• BER Testing complete
• System Commissioning
– EMS system installed and populated with nodes
– Internet2 NOC database population nearly complete
• First 100GigE IP circuit between New York and Washington DC
live and integrated into the Internet2 IP Network
• First Trans-Continental 100G configured and passing pings for
Internet2 Fall Member Meeting in early October
54. Current Status
Seattle
Spokane
Olympia Bozeman
Miles City
Portland Missoula Bismarck
Billings Fargo
Eugene Dickinson Albany
Boise
Minneapolis Boston
Madison Buffalo
Eau Claire Chicago Detroit
New York
Milwaukee
Salt Lake City
Reno Denver Cleveland Philadelphia
Sacramento Pittsburgh
Indianapolis Cincinatti
Sunnyvale Ashburn Washington DC
St. Louis
Pueblo Kansas City
Las Vegas Louisville
Raleigh
San Luis Obispo
Nashville
Charlotte
Memphis Chattanooga
Albuquerque Tulsa
Los Angeles San Diego
Phoenix
Tucson
Jackson Atlanta
El Paso
Dallas
Jacksonville
Optical Add/Drop Facility
San Antonio
Baton Rouge
Route Fully Operational
Route Installed, Tested, Not Operational Houston
Route Pending
55. Will someone please think of the routers?
• Optical is great, but what about the routers?
• Well, that’s a tricky story.
• We’re at a crossroads
• Routers are expensive, big, power hungry monsters
• Did I mention expensive?
• We want them everywhere
• We want them cheap
• We want them small
• We want control
• We want them powerful
• Is there a white knight?
63. Upgraded Layer2 Network
I2 Draft Topology
gcb 5/8/12
v.1
Seattle
Portland Missoula
Albany
Minneapolis
Boise
Boston
Sacramento
Salt Lake City Chicago New York 1
Cleveland
Pittsburgh New York 2
Sunnyvale Kansas City
Indy
Cincy
Denver
St Louis Washington DC
Tulsa
Nashville Raleigh
Phoenix Albuquerque
Los Angeles
El Paso Atlanta
Jackson
Dallas
Jacksonville
Baton Rouge
Houston
NDDI Node
64. Lessons Learned
• Pre-project
– Know your goals
– Know your limitations, then ignore them
– Community Input
• Negotiations
– Have a good lawyer
– Understand what you’re buying
– Budget a lot of time
• Remember: this is for 20+ years
• Implementation
– Documentation is critical
– Inventory management needs to be worked out ahead of time
– It isn’t plug and play
– Budget a lot for space and power
The expectation is that the cost of 10G will drop substantially while 40 and 100 G will remain high.This would tend to encourage the use of multiple 10G interfaces. Also it is unlikely that any one connector to a regional will need more then 1 10G flow.
Escaping the commodity network trap (being seen as a competitor to the commercial network providers)Software stack is 45 years old, core basis of applications hasn’t changed in yearsLots of uses that can’t be used using current network because network isn’t fast or smart enough