The document discusses cabling Cisco devices. It covers identifying and connecting necessary components to enable connectivity between routers and switches, as well as WAN connectivity over serial or ISDN connections. It also discusses setting up console connections. The document provides information on Ethernet and WAN cabling standards, requirements for different media types, and how to determine straight-through vs. crossover cables.
This document discusses installing and troubleshooting physical networks. It covers:
1) Understanding structured cabling standards and components like patch panels, switches, and horizontal cabling.
2) The process of installing structured cabling which involves mapping runs, pulling cable, making connections, and testing.
3) Network interface cards (NICs) including different types, installation, and using link lights for troubleshooting.
4) Diagnosing and repairing cabling issues through methods like using cable testers, toners, and time domain reflectometers.
This document summarizes network devices and concepts from a CCNA guide. It describes how repeaters, hubs, wireless access points, bridges, switches and routers segment networks and control traffic. It also defines Ethernet, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet standards, and explains half and full-duplex communication modes. The summary provides an overview of common network devices and technologies for local area networks.
This document provides an overview of routing and routers. It explains how routers work by forwarding packets based on destination IP addresses using routing tables. It describes dynamic routing protocols that allow routers to automatically share information and update routes. It also discusses installing and configuring routers through their web interfaces, serial connections, or network management software.
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
The document provides information about computer networks and routing & switching certification (CCNA). It discusses TCIL-IT, a company that provides computer networking education and training. It then covers topics such as network design, types of networks, network topologies, networking devices, cables, IP addresses, and basic router configuration commands. The document is intended to provide an overview of concepts relevant to the CCNA certification program for computer networking.
Routers are networking devices that interconnect networks by forwarding data packets between them using the best available path. The basic components of a Cisco router include a CPU, RAM, ROM, NVRAM, flash memory, and physical interfaces. The Cisco IOS operating system runs on routers and provides routing functions and network services via the command line interface. Different Cisco router models have varying numbers and types of slots to add communication modules.
This document discusses installing and troubleshooting physical networks. It covers:
1) Understanding structured cabling standards and components like patch panels, switches, and horizontal cabling.
2) The process of installing structured cabling which involves mapping runs, pulling cable, making connections, and testing.
3) Network interface cards (NICs) including different types, installation, and using link lights for troubleshooting.
4) Diagnosing and repairing cabling issues through methods like using cable testers, toners, and time domain reflectometers.
This document summarizes network devices and concepts from a CCNA guide. It describes how repeaters, hubs, wireless access points, bridges, switches and routers segment networks and control traffic. It also defines Ethernet, Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet standards, and explains half and full-duplex communication modes. The summary provides an overview of common network devices and technologies for local area networks.
This document provides an overview of routing and routers. It explains how routers work by forwarding packets based on destination IP addresses using routing tables. It describes dynamic routing protocols that allow routers to automatically share information and update routes. It also discusses installing and configuring routers through their web interfaces, serial connections, or network management software.
This document discusses layer 2 switching and VLANs. It begins by explaining how switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones by creating individual collision domains per switch port. It then discusses how VLANs allow further segmentation of the network by logically grouping ports regardless of their physical location. VLANs create separate broadcast domains to limit broadcast traffic to specific groups of users. The document provides examples of creating, assigning ports to, and deleting VLANs on a switch to segmented the network.
The document provides information about computer networks and routing & switching certification (CCNA). It discusses TCIL-IT, a company that provides computer networking education and training. It then covers topics such as network design, types of networks, network topologies, networking devices, cables, IP addresses, and basic router configuration commands. The document is intended to provide an overview of concepts relevant to the CCNA certification program for computer networking.
Routers are networking devices that interconnect networks by forwarding data packets between them using the best available path. The basic components of a Cisco router include a CPU, RAM, ROM, NVRAM, flash memory, and physical interfaces. The Cisco IOS operating system runs on routers and provides routing functions and network services via the command line interface. Different Cisco router models have varying numbers and types of slots to add communication modules.
Ethernet is a standard for network technologies that share a bus topology and frame format. Early Ethernet implementations transferred data at speeds up to 10Mbps using coaxial cable or twisted pair cabling. 10BaseT networks used twisted pair cabling and hubs to connect computers in a star topology up to 100 meters apart. Switches were later introduced to avoid bandwidth limitations of hubs by creating point-to-point connections between communicating devices using MAC addresses. This increased overall network speed and allowed larger, more complex network topologies.
Networking devices like network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, and wireless access points allow computers to communicate over a network. Protocols like TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and NetBIOS provide standards for how devices connect and transmit data. Network services like DNS, WINS, and DHCP help devices locate each other and automatically configure settings.
Modern Ethernet standards include 100-megabit Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10-Gigabit Ethernet. 100-megabit Ethernet standards include 100BaseT and 100BaseFX. Gigabit Ethernet standards include 1000BaseT, 1000BaseCX, 1000BaseSX and 1000BaseLX. 10-Gigabit Ethernet standards include 10GBaseSR, 10GBaseLR and 10GBaseER which use different fiber types and wavelengths, and 10GBaseT which uses copper cabling. Higher speeds require fiber optic cabling and support longer transmission distances.
Router4 needs to have static routes configured for the known subnets in the network. A default route can also be used to simplify the configuration by sending all unknown traffic to a default gateway. The default route acts as a "gateway of last resort" and should not be used if specific routes are already defined.
This document discusses various technologies used for remote connectivity over wide area networks (WANs). It describes how analog signals were originally used for long-distance telephone calls but lost quality over distance, requiring the development of digital systems. Common digital WAN technologies discussed include SONET, T1, T3, cable modems, DSL, satellite, wireless, and fiber connections. Fiber networks are presented as a technology that telephone providers are implementing to compete with cable companies in providing high-speed internet to homes and businesses.
This document discusses networking devices and technologies used to connect local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It describes common physical layer components used in Ethernet LANs such as twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, and connectors. It also discusses serial connection options and devices used for WAN connections including CSU/DSUs and their roles as data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE).
A
PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
This document summarizes a presentation on networking and CCNA. It discusses key networking concepts like network types, topologies, IP addressing, routing protocols, and practical networking examples like VOIP, ACLs, NAT, VLANs and VPNs. It also summarizes a sample student project on designing the network for an airport, covering the network components, topology, protocols and access control used to connect different airport departments and zones.
The document discusses cabling and network topology. It describes different types of network topologies like bus, ring, star, mesh and point-to-point. It also discusses different types of cabling used in networks like coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable and other cables. It provides details on IEEE standards for networking technologies and cabling.
CCNA ppt designed on project remote connectivity using frame relay, and many more... best for project purpose. anyone want project will also contact me..
This presentation provides an overview of the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification and covers networking topics required for the CCNA, including router interfaces, access control lists, VLANs, spanning tree protocol, and Frame Relay. It discusses establishing connections to router consoles, router configuration modes, and concepts such as routing protocols, network addressing, and inter-VLAN routing. Examples of configuration commands are provided for tasks like interface configuration, VLAN creation, and Frame Relay mapping.
ccna summer training ppt ( Cisco certified network analysis) ppt. by Traun k...Tarun Khaneja
This document provides a summary of a presentation on CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate). It was trained by Ravinder Kumar from Gurukul Technical Institute and submitted by Tarun Khaneja with roll number 2110045 and contact number 09034406598. The presentation introduces CCNA and discusses networking types and applications. It also covers networking devices, subnetting, routing protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, ACLs, VLANs, and inter-VLAN routing. Configuration examples are provided for EIGRP and RIP routing on the same network.
A PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch7 - Basic Wireless Concepts and ConfigurationAbdelkhalik Mosa
Chapter 7 : CCNA Cisco Academy: LAN Switching and Wireless.
This chapter discusses the basic wireless concepts:
- Comparison between WLAN and LAN.
- The difference between wireless PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN.
- Infrared and Radio Frequency (RF).
- Benefits and limitations of the wireless technology.
- Difference between licensed and unlicensed bands.
- Wi-Fi and the key organizations influencing WLAN standards.
- Wireless infrastructure components which are the wireless NIC, Wireless Access Points and wireless routers.
- The Hidden node problem.
- Configuration parameters SSID, network modes and channels.
- Wireless 802.11 typologies: Ad hoc (IBSS), BSS and ESS.
Client and Access Point Association: Beacons, probe, authenticate and associate.
- Threats to Wireless Security- Unauthorized Access: War Drivers, Hackers and employees.
- Man-in-the-Middle Attacks, Denial of Service.
- Wireless Security Protocol Overview: open authentication, WEP authentication.
- Encryption – TKIP and AES.
- Configuring the Wireless Access Point
- Configuring security: personal and enterprise (AAA and EAP ).
- WLAN Troubleshooting: Incorrect Channel Settings, Solving RF Interference, Access Point Misplacement and Authentication and Encryption
The document provides information about the CCNA certification exam, including the exam number, total marks, duration, passing score, question types, and benefits of obtaining the certification. It also discusses common networking devices, network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, common network topologies, and the functions of local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Finally, it introduces the OSI model and its seven layers, describing the function of each layer.
The document describes the OSI 7-layer model and how it can be used to understand network communication. It explains each of the 7 layers, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers. Examples are provided to illustrate how data moves through each layer of the OSI model when transferring a file between two computers on a network.
summer training report on Computer network and Cisco packet tracer Dheeraj Giri
This document provides an overview of a project on computer network designing completed as part of a six-week industrial training. It discusses the basics of computer network design, including determining network structure and providing communication links between users in different places. The project covers local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), virtual private networks (VPNs), virtual LANs (VLANs), the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP), and the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). The aim is to design effective computer networks with minimal complexity and optimal communication capabilities.
The document discusses the CCNA certification exam including details about the exam such as number of questions, duration, passing score, and benefits of obtaining the certification. It also provides information about networking devices, topologies, standards, and the OSI model layers. Key topics covered include switches, routers, network topologies like star and bus, IEEE 802 standards, and an explanation of each of the seven layers of the OSI model.
The chapter discusses different networking devices used to connect networks and their functions. It explains that hubs connect multiple network segments but only one device can transmit at a time. Switches improve on hubs by examining address information and reducing collision domains. Routers forward data between networks by maintaining routing tables. WAN devices like switches, modems and CSUs are used to connect networks over long distances.
Basic ip traffic management with access control listsSourabh Badve
The document discusses basic concepts of access control lists (ACLs) including the types of ACLs, how they are configured and used, and how traffic is processed when ACLs are applied. It provides details on standard and extended ACLs, how they can be used to filter traffic by source/destination IP addresses, protocols, ports and ICMP message types. The document also covers best practices for verifying, monitoring and placing ACLs on network interfaces.
Routers determine the optimal path for forwarding network traffic between networks by using routing tables that are populated by routing protocols. Routing protocols allow routers to share information with each other about available routes and determine the best paths between sources and destinations across multiple networks. Common routing protocols include RIP, IGRP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP, with newer protocols like EIGRP offering faster convergence and operating efficiency.
Ethernet is a standard for network technologies that share a bus topology and frame format. Early Ethernet implementations transferred data at speeds up to 10Mbps using coaxial cable or twisted pair cabling. 10BaseT networks used twisted pair cabling and hubs to connect computers in a star topology up to 100 meters apart. Switches were later introduced to avoid bandwidth limitations of hubs by creating point-to-point connections between communicating devices using MAC addresses. This increased overall network speed and allowed larger, more complex network topologies.
Networking devices like network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, and wireless access points allow computers to communicate over a network. Protocols like TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and NetBIOS provide standards for how devices connect and transmit data. Network services like DNS, WINS, and DHCP help devices locate each other and automatically configure settings.
Modern Ethernet standards include 100-megabit Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10-Gigabit Ethernet. 100-megabit Ethernet standards include 100BaseT and 100BaseFX. Gigabit Ethernet standards include 1000BaseT, 1000BaseCX, 1000BaseSX and 1000BaseLX. 10-Gigabit Ethernet standards include 10GBaseSR, 10GBaseLR and 10GBaseER which use different fiber types and wavelengths, and 10GBaseT which uses copper cabling. Higher speeds require fiber optic cabling and support longer transmission distances.
Router4 needs to have static routes configured for the known subnets in the network. A default route can also be used to simplify the configuration by sending all unknown traffic to a default gateway. The default route acts as a "gateway of last resort" and should not be used if specific routes are already defined.
This document discusses various technologies used for remote connectivity over wide area networks (WANs). It describes how analog signals were originally used for long-distance telephone calls but lost quality over distance, requiring the development of digital systems. Common digital WAN technologies discussed include SONET, T1, T3, cable modems, DSL, satellite, wireless, and fiber connections. Fiber networks are presented as a technology that telephone providers are implementing to compete with cable companies in providing high-speed internet to homes and businesses.
This document discusses networking devices and technologies used to connect local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It describes common physical layer components used in Ethernet LANs such as twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, and connectors. It also discusses serial connection options and devices used for WAN connections including CSU/DSUs and their roles as data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE).
A
PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
This document summarizes a presentation on networking and CCNA. It discusses key networking concepts like network types, topologies, IP addressing, routing protocols, and practical networking examples like VOIP, ACLs, NAT, VLANs and VPNs. It also summarizes a sample student project on designing the network for an airport, covering the network components, topology, protocols and access control used to connect different airport departments and zones.
The document discusses cabling and network topology. It describes different types of network topologies like bus, ring, star, mesh and point-to-point. It also discusses different types of cabling used in networks like coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable and other cables. It provides details on IEEE standards for networking technologies and cabling.
CCNA ppt designed on project remote connectivity using frame relay, and many more... best for project purpose. anyone want project will also contact me..
This presentation provides an overview of the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification and covers networking topics required for the CCNA, including router interfaces, access control lists, VLANs, spanning tree protocol, and Frame Relay. It discusses establishing connections to router consoles, router configuration modes, and concepts such as routing protocols, network addressing, and inter-VLAN routing. Examples of configuration commands are provided for tasks like interface configuration, VLAN creation, and Frame Relay mapping.
ccna summer training ppt ( Cisco certified network analysis) ppt. by Traun k...Tarun Khaneja
This document provides a summary of a presentation on CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate). It was trained by Ravinder Kumar from Gurukul Technical Institute and submitted by Tarun Khaneja with roll number 2110045 and contact number 09034406598. The presentation introduces CCNA and discusses networking types and applications. It also covers networking devices, subnetting, routing protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, ACLs, VLANs, and inter-VLAN routing. Configuration examples are provided for EIGRP and RIP routing on the same network.
A PROJECT REPORT
On
CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
A computer network, or simply a network, is a collection of computer and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply, more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information interchange is called a computer network.
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch7 - Basic Wireless Concepts and ConfigurationAbdelkhalik Mosa
Chapter 7 : CCNA Cisco Academy: LAN Switching and Wireless.
This chapter discusses the basic wireless concepts:
- Comparison between WLAN and LAN.
- The difference between wireless PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN.
- Infrared and Radio Frequency (RF).
- Benefits and limitations of the wireless technology.
- Difference between licensed and unlicensed bands.
- Wi-Fi and the key organizations influencing WLAN standards.
- Wireless infrastructure components which are the wireless NIC, Wireless Access Points and wireless routers.
- The Hidden node problem.
- Configuration parameters SSID, network modes and channels.
- Wireless 802.11 typologies: Ad hoc (IBSS), BSS and ESS.
Client and Access Point Association: Beacons, probe, authenticate and associate.
- Threats to Wireless Security- Unauthorized Access: War Drivers, Hackers and employees.
- Man-in-the-Middle Attacks, Denial of Service.
- Wireless Security Protocol Overview: open authentication, WEP authentication.
- Encryption – TKIP and AES.
- Configuring the Wireless Access Point
- Configuring security: personal and enterprise (AAA and EAP ).
- WLAN Troubleshooting: Incorrect Channel Settings, Solving RF Interference, Access Point Misplacement and Authentication and Encryption
The document provides information about the CCNA certification exam, including the exam number, total marks, duration, passing score, question types, and benefits of obtaining the certification. It also discusses common networking devices, network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, common network topologies, and the functions of local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Finally, it introduces the OSI model and its seven layers, describing the function of each layer.
The document describes the OSI 7-layer model and how it can be used to understand network communication. It explains each of the 7 layers, including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and application layers. Examples are provided to illustrate how data moves through each layer of the OSI model when transferring a file between two computers on a network.
summer training report on Computer network and Cisco packet tracer Dheeraj Giri
This document provides an overview of a project on computer network designing completed as part of a six-week industrial training. It discusses the basics of computer network design, including determining network structure and providing communication links between users in different places. The project covers local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), virtual private networks (VPNs), virtual LANs (VLANs), the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP), and the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). The aim is to design effective computer networks with minimal complexity and optimal communication capabilities.
The document discusses the CCNA certification exam including details about the exam such as number of questions, duration, passing score, and benefits of obtaining the certification. It also provides information about networking devices, topologies, standards, and the OSI model layers. Key topics covered include switches, routers, network topologies like star and bus, IEEE 802 standards, and an explanation of each of the seven layers of the OSI model.
The chapter discusses different networking devices used to connect networks and their functions. It explains that hubs connect multiple network segments but only one device can transmit at a time. Switches improve on hubs by examining address information and reducing collision domains. Routers forward data between networks by maintaining routing tables. WAN devices like switches, modems and CSUs are used to connect networks over long distances.
Basic ip traffic management with access control listsSourabh Badve
The document discusses basic concepts of access control lists (ACLs) including the types of ACLs, how they are configured and used, and how traffic is processed when ACLs are applied. It provides details on standard and extended ACLs, how they can be used to filter traffic by source/destination IP addresses, protocols, ports and ICMP message types. The document also covers best practices for verifying, monitoring and placing ACLs on network interfaces.
Routers determine the optimal path for forwarding network traffic between networks by using routing tables that are populated by routing protocols. Routing protocols allow routers to share information with each other about available routes and determine the best paths between sources and destinations across multiple networks. Common routing protocols include RIP, IGRP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP, with newer protocols like EIGRP offering faster convergence and operating efficiency.
This document discusses cabling for networking devices. It identifies the components needed to connect routers and switches for LAN and WAN connectivity. It explains Ethernet and WAN cabling standards as well as how to set up console connections. Cable types, connectors, and configurations for straight-through, crossover, and rollover are defined for Ethernet and serial WAN implementations. Visual diagrams are also provided to illustrate physical network topologies and device interfaces.
Difference between Routing & Routed ProtocolNetwax Lab
A routing protocol is different and is only used
between routers. It makes possible for routers to
build and maintain routing tables.
A routed protocol is a protocol by which data can
be routed.
In this webinar, we will discuss about the basic concept of routing, try to understand how the router work, how the routing table is used to forward packets, and how to implement them with mikrotik router. we review some prior knowledge before. after attending this webinar, we expect you understand how the packet is forwarded on router.
Frame Relay is a WAN protocol that operates at the data link layer. It was developed as a simpler version of X.25 to use over ISDN interfaces. Frame Relay is widely used for voice and data connectivity between LANs over a WAN due to its lower cost compared to dedicated lines. It uses virtual circuits to connect devices and provides bandwidth, reliability, and scalability benefits over private lines.
This document discusses cloud computing and the Cisco Nexus 5500 series switches. It defines cloud computing and lists its key characteristics as on-demand access, access over the internet/network, pooling of resources independent of location, elasticity, and measurable service. It also discusses different cloud service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS) and deployment models (public, private, hybrid, virtual private). The document then focuses on the Cisco Nexus 5500 series switches, outlining their scalability, performance, versatility, and flexibility features like unified ports. It introduces new expansion modules and routing capabilities for the Nexus 5500 platform.
Networking Basics - Sales Account Manager TrainingArjun V
The document provides an overview of networking basics, including definitions of common network types and terms. It describes what a network is and types such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and virtual private networks (VPNs). Common network terms like MAC addresses, IP addresses, protocols, and subnets are defined. The OSI model and its seven layers are introduced. Various network components are described, including switches, routers, firewalls, wireless access points, and more. Finally, common enterprise network architectures like access/core switches, routers, firewalls, and wireless access points are depicted.
This document discusses Cisco technologies for improving data center efficiency including Application Networking Services, Nexus technologies, and achieving synergies through solutions like Unified Computing. Some key points discussed are consolidating infrastructure from branches into the data center using WAAS, using Cisco ACE load balancers for flexible and scalable application services, and leveraging Nexus technologies like Unified I/O, Fabric Extenders, and VM-aware networking to reduce costs through optimizations like fewer interfaces and switches per server. The presentation concludes with an overview of the Unified Computing System which tightly integrates computing, networking, storage and virtualization to deliver benefits such as reduced management points, universal interconnectivity, and optimized virtualization.
The document discusses various types of network hardware including:
- Local networking hardware such as network interface cards, cables, connectors, hubs, switches, servers, and workstations.
- Internetworking hardware such as line drivers, transceivers, bridges, switches, routers, and gateways.
Current internetworking devices are mostly confined to switches and routers. The document also examines network interface cards in detail, describing their specifications and evolution over time from older cards to current gigabit Ethernet cards.
The document discusses various types of network hardware including:
- Local networking hardware such as network interface cards, cables, connectors, hubs, switches, servers, and workstations.
- Internetworking hardware such as line drivers, transceivers, bridges, switches, routers, and gateways.
Current internetworking devices are mostly confined to switches and routers. The document also examines networking interface cards in detail, describing their specifications and evolution over time from older technologies like Token Ring and 10BaseT to current Gigabit Ethernet standards.
The document discusses various types of network hardware including local networking hardware like network interface cards (NICs), cables, connectors, hubs, switches, servers and workstations. It also discusses internetworking hardware like line drivers, transceivers, bridges, switches, routers and gateways. It describes the characteristics of different NICs such as their speed, connector type, and bus technology. It also examines concepts like IRQ, I/O address, base memory address, and DMA used for resource allocation on NICs. Finally, it discusses network connectors and different types of hubs.
The document discusses campus network design. It describes the common layers of campus networks - access, distribution and core layers. It also discusses small, medium and large campus network designs. The document introduces the PPDIOO (Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, Optimize) methodology for network lifecycle management and design. It provides details on the different phases and benefits of the PPDIOO approach.
The document discusses the history and development of Ethernet and the IEEE 802.3 standard. It describes how Ethernet was initially developed by Xerox PARC in the 1970s and was later refined by DEC, Intel and Xerox to create the DIX standard. It then became the IEEE 802.3 standard in 1985. The document provides an overview of the Ethernet specifications including 10Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT and 10BaseF and discusses the Ethernet frame format, addressing, media access with CSMA/CD, and collision detection.
Acme Packet Presentation Materials for VUC June 18th 2010Michael Graves
1) The document discusses Acme Packet's enterprise session border controller (SBC) solutions which control four IP network borders, including SIP trunking, private networks, public internet, and hosted services.
2) It provides an overview of Acme Packet's SBC product portfolio including the Net-Net product family and their session capacity, throughput, and features for securing SIP trunking and enabling interoperability.
3) The SBC helps secure SIP trunking by acting as an application layer gateway, providing dynamic port control, full SIP firewalling, and DDOS protection to establish a "defense in depth" security model for SIP trunk traffic.
The document discusses Intel network cards and their performance. It explains that throughput and CPU utilization are key metrics, with higher throughput and lower CPU utilization being better. It then describes Intel Adaptive Technology which can automatically adjust packet spacing and reduce collisions to improve these metrics. Testing showed it reduced CPU utilization by 20% and interrupt rates from 2800 to 900. It also allows hardware optimization for different operating systems.
The IEEE 802 is a family of IEEE standards dealing with Local Area Networks and Metropolitan Area Networks. The IEEE 802 family of standards is maintained by the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC).
The most widely used standards are for the Bridging and Virtual Bridged LANs (802.1), Ethernet family (802.3), Token Ring (802.5) and Wireless LAN (802.11).
The document outlines the objectives, topics, and prerequisites of an Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices course. The objectives are to determine when to use different networking devices, interconnect and configure switches and routers, set up subnet addressing, configure access lists, verify network services, and troubleshoot problems. The topics include networking concepts, VLANs, TCP/IP, and point-to-point connections. Prerequisites include basic networking knowledge and experience with protocols, devices, and the OSI model.
This document provides an overview and configuration guidance for Cisco's CCNA Switching certification course. It covers topics like high availability campus network design, spanning tree protocol operations and configurations, rapid PVST+, and troubleshooting techniques. The agenda includes discussions of STP variants, operations, port states, timers, and features to optimize convergence like PortFast, UplinkFast, BackboneFast, and root guard.
IEEE - Standards.
Ethernet Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC) sublayers.
Historic Ethernet: The foundation for Ethernet technology in 1970 was Alohanet.
Early Ethernet Media used coaxial cable to connect computers in a bus topology. It was known as Thicknet (10BASE5) and Thinnet (10BASE2).
Ethernet Collision Management.
There are two styles of Ethernet framing: IEEE 802.3 (original) and the revised IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet).
CSMA/CD, Carrier Sensle, Multiple Access, Collision Detection, JAM Signal and Random Backoff.
Ethernet Timing and latency.
Bit Time: The period of time required for a bit to be placed and sensed on the media.
Slot Time: is the time it takes for an electronic pulse to travel the length of the maximum theoretical distance between two nodes.
Inter-frame spacing.
Ethernet Types
Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) provides several key benefits over traditional spanning tree protocols:
1. SPB eliminates blocked ports by using a link-state protocol (IS-IS) to automatically build shortest path trees to all nodes in the network.
2. It enables much faster reconvergence times of hundreds of milliseconds compared to spanning tree.
3. SPB simplifies network operations through well-known link-state routing paradigms and provides one-touch provisioning of services and end-points.
Ethernet and Fast Ethernet standards define the physical implementation of local area networks using twisted pair cable and fiber optics. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD access method over coaxial cable or twisted pair up to 100 meters, while Fast Ethernet operates at 100 Mbps over twisted pair or fiber. Repeaters can extend the length of an Ethernet segment by regenerating the signal past the maximum segment distance.
The document summarizes the Cisco Nexus 5000 Series switches, which are designed as access-layer switches for in-rack deployment in data centers. The switches support high-speed 10GbE, Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) for storage networking, and virtualization capabilities. They integrate two custom ASICs for packet processing and switching to enable I/O consolidation and virtualization while minimizing power usage.
This document discusses matching network parameters between IBM System p and Cisco networks. It focuses on link aggregation (LA) and configuring multiple VLANs. For LA, it describes setting up an etherchannel on an IBM System p server using two network adapters and the corresponding configuration on a Cisco switch to bundle the network ports. It also discusses changing the LA load balancing hash mode. For VLANs, it mentions connecting Cisco catalyst switches to provide full VLAN connectivity to a virtual I/O server.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Purpose: This chapter reviews the physical layer and describes how to cable various network devices. Timing: This chapter takes approximately 1 hour to present. Note: This section has a cabling laboratory exercise at the end. Contents: Objectives—This section explains what the student will be able to do at the end of this chapter. Cabling the LAN—This section describes available Ethernet connections. Cabling the WAN—This section describes the cabling of serial and ISDN BRI connections. Setting up Console Connections to Cisco Devices—This section describes how to cable a console connection. Laboratory Exercise—This section provides a laboratory exercise in which students cable the lab. Summary—This section summarizes what was taught in this chapter. Review Questions—This section offers open-ended review questions. They should foster discussion after presenting the chapter. Transition: Following are the list of performance objectives that describe what students will be able to do at the end of the chapter.
Purpose: this figure states the chapter objectives. Emphasize: Read or state each objective so each student has a clear understanding of the chapter objectives.
(cont.) Purpose: this figure states the chapter objectives. Emphasize: Read or state each objective so each student has a clear understanding of the chapter objectives.
Purpose: this figure highlights the LAN network. In this section, students will learn how to cable the LAN. Note: The figure illustrates two workgroup LANS, both connecting into core switches.
Emphasize: You may want to explain how cable names are determined. They follow the following pattern: The first number describes the speed of the cable. The next word describes whether it is baseband or broadband cable. The final letter(s) describe the media. 100 Mbps cables are used for Fast Ethernet. T represents twisted pair media. F represents fiber. For example, 10BaseT is 10 Mbps baseband twisted-pair cable.
Emphasize: The table in the figure, compares 10baseT and Fast Ethernet. It also describes where in the hierarchical model Ethernet and Fast Ethernet can be seen.
Purpose: This figure further compares various Ethernet options.
Purpose: This figure illustrates the different ports used in Ethernet. Emphasize: RJ-45 ports are common on Cisco platforms. Some devices also offer DB-15 interfaces for AUI. If the cable is fiber, the port will look different. Point each port out to the students. Note: If you have devices available that have the various ports, show the actual ports to your students.
Purpose: This figure illustrates an unshielded twisted-pair RJ-45 connector. Emphasize: the RJ-45 has eight pins. Some are for tip (T) and some for ring(R).
Emphasize: Make sure each student has seen a Cat 5 cable. Describe the test for straight through cable determination. If you hold the two ends of an RJ-45 cable side by side, you'll see eight colored strips, or pins, at each end. If the order of the colored pins is the same at each end, then the cable is straight through. If the order of the colors is reversed at each end, then the cable is crossed over or rolled. Straight-thru Ethernet uses pins 1, 2, 3, and 6. Straight-thru cables are used for switch to router cabling, switch to PC or server cabling, or hub to PC or server cabling.
Emphasize: Make sure each student has seen a Cat 5 cable. Describe the test for crossover cable determination. If you hold the two ends of an RJ-45 cable side by side, you'll see eight colored strips, or pins, at each end. If the order of the colored pins is the same at each end, then the cable is straight through. If the order of the colors is reversed at each end, then the cable is crossed over or rolled. Ethernet uses pins 1, 2, 3, and 6. For crossover, pin 1 is connected to 3, and oin 2 is connected to 6. Crossover cables are used for switch to switch cabling, PC to PC cabling, switch to hub cabling, hub to hub cabling, or router to router cabling.
Purpose: This figure describes a simple way to determine whether one should use a crossover or straight thru cable.
Emphasize: Highlight the various cables and the devices they connect. Reference: for more information, the following URL providees more information on LAN cabling: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/701/14.html Also see the Cable Specifications appendix that is included in most Installation and configuration guides.
Purpose: This figure highlights the WAN network. In this section, students will learn how to cable the WAN. Note: The figure illustrates two workgroup WANs. One is an ISDN connection to a home office. The other illustrates a serial Frame Relay or leased line connection to a branch office.
Purpose: This figure illustrates the various WAN standards. Emphasize: The serial standards presented in this course, are presented in the figure. For ISDN, use an RJ-45 port. The cable differs from ports used for serial connections. Note that RJ-45 connections will fit into an RJ-48 and vice versa. Tell students not to connect an ISDN cable into anything other than an ISDN port.
Purpose: This section describes the various serial standards that support leased line connections. Emphasize: The same 60-pin end that attaches to a Cisco device supports all standards illustrated.
Purpose: This section describes the DTE and DCE. Emphasize: The DTE end attached to your router and the DCE end attaches the the CSU/DSU (or modem) which is attached to the service provider’s network. DTE and DCE do not refer to male and female connectors. Note: Data switching equipment (DSE) is an additional term sometimes used to describe the switch components that appear inside the cloud. The DSE adds and removes channels assigned inside the WAN. The DSE connects traffic from various sources to their final destinations through other switches.
Purpose: This figure shows fixed interface router such as a 2500. Emphasize: The router in the figure is a Cisco 2500 router with Ethernet, serial, and ISDN interfaces.. A fixed interface router requires no additional hardware interfaces to operate. However, once you acquire a fixed component router such as a 2500, you cannot change interfaces. Note: Show students the physical router used in the laboratory exercise.
Purpose: This figure shows modular interface routers. Emphasize: A modular interface router requires additional hardware network modules and/or WAN interface cards. This generally costs more than a fixed interface router. However, you have the flexibility to change the interface components as your network scales. When configuring an interface on a fixed configuration router, some interfaces must be called out with the slot and port. Note: The figure displays a 1603 router with a 60-pin WAN interface card. It also displays a 3640 with an 8 port serial network module. The laboratory exercise suggests the use of a 3640 as the core router. If you use this router, show the students the various network modules you have installed.
Purpose: This figure describes which IADN BRI port may be required. Emphasize: Routers with native ISDN BRI interfaces will have S/T or U interfaces. U interfaces have a built in NT1. S/T interfaces do not. In the United States, the service provider generally requires that the customer supply the NT1. If you must supply the NT1, select a router with a U interface, or select a router with an S/T interface attached to an external NT1. In Europe, the NT1 is supplied by the service provider. So, acquire a device with and S/T interface.
Emphasize: Stress that damage to ISDN equipment will occur if you connect non-ISDN cables to ISDN ports, interface, and switches. Transition: To configure ISDN or any network device parameters, you must have a console connection.
Emphasize: Rollover cables are not the same as crossover cables. The pinouts for a rollover cable are 1-8, 2-7, 3-6, 4-5, 5-4, 6-3, and so on. Students must also set up a HyperTerminal console session if they are on a Microsoft Windows ‘95 platform. The instructions to establish a console session using HyperTerminal are in the HyperTerminal appendix.
Objectives: Using the cables and devices provided, cable the network used in the remaining laboratory exercises. Purpose: Teach students about the proper cables to use. Laboratory Instructions: Refer to the Lab Setup Guide.
Purpose: Review the summary items with your students. Emphasize: Read or restate the summary statements. By now, your presentation and classroom discussion should have students able to meet the chapter learning objectives.
Purpose: Review the chapter with open ended questions. Note: The questions in this section are open ended questions designed to foster further discussion. Answers the the review questions are in the “Answers” appendix.