Topics covered in this presentation:
1. What is drive testing?
2. Need for drive testing?
3. Types of drive testing
4. Key Performance Indicators and Parameters
5. Test Methods
Drive Tests and Propagation Prediction software are the two methods that are used to check the coverage area of a particular wireless system. Generally prediction software is used in conjunction with the radio signal measurements in order to determine an accurate picture of signal propagation. In some cases, field measurements may be needed to be taken in order to calibrate the prediction software.
Drive Tests and Propagation Prediction software are the two methods that are used to check the coverage area of a particular wireless system. Generally prediction software is used in conjunction with the radio signal measurements in order to determine an accurate picture of signal propagation. In some cases, field measurements may be needed to be taken in order to calibrate the prediction software.
NETWORK PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
REQUIREMENT FOR DRIVE TESTING
DRIVE TEST PROCESS
DRIVE TEST OUTPUTS
MEASUREMENT METRICS
DRIVE TEST ANALYSIS
NEPTUNE AND PROBE
Drive Test
OMC Statistics
Customer feedback
On completion of the module one should be clear about the parameters required during drive test what does it mean and how much it is important.
Parameters regarding in windows like :
a) Current Channel
b) Radio parameters
c) Serving + Neighbors
Time: It is system time of computer.
Cell name: It displays the name of the sector which is serving according to the cellfile that is loaded in TEMS.
CGI : It stands for the Cell Global Identity which is unique for every sector of the site. It consists of MCC,MNC,LAC,CI.
Cell GPRS Support: Tells sector is having GPRS or not. Values are Yes or No .
Band : It tells in which Freq. Band mobile is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
BCCH ARFCN: It tells by which BCCH is the mobile station getting served.
TCH ARFCN: On which Traffic Freq. call is going on.
BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) : It is combination of Network Color Code (NCC) (0 – 7) & Base Station Color Code (BCC) (0 – 7). e.g. 62. It is decoded by mobile on every Sync. Channel Message.
Mode: It is shows in which state is mobile operating, Idle, Dedicated & Packet.
Time slot: On which time slot of current TCH call is going on. Viz. time slot no. of TRX.
Call Setup Success Rate Definition and Troubleshooting Assim Mubder
The CSSR indicates the probability of successful calls initiated by the MS. The CSSR is an important KPI for evaluating the network performance. If this KPI is too low, the subscribers are not likely to make calls successfully. The user experience is thus affected.
NETWORK PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
REQUIREMENT FOR DRIVE TESTING
DRIVE TEST PROCESS
DRIVE TEST OUTPUTS
MEASUREMENT METRICS
DRIVE TEST ANALYSIS
NEPTUNE AND PROBE
Drive Test
OMC Statistics
Customer feedback
On completion of the module one should be clear about the parameters required during drive test what does it mean and how much it is important.
Parameters regarding in windows like :
a) Current Channel
b) Radio parameters
c) Serving + Neighbors
Time: It is system time of computer.
Cell name: It displays the name of the sector which is serving according to the cellfile that is loaded in TEMS.
CGI : It stands for the Cell Global Identity which is unique for every sector of the site. It consists of MCC,MNC,LAC,CI.
Cell GPRS Support: Tells sector is having GPRS or not. Values are Yes or No .
Band : It tells in which Freq. Band mobile is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
BCCH ARFCN: It tells by which BCCH is the mobile station getting served.
TCH ARFCN: On which Traffic Freq. call is going on.
BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) : It is combination of Network Color Code (NCC) (0 – 7) & Base Station Color Code (BCC) (0 – 7). e.g. 62. It is decoded by mobile on every Sync. Channel Message.
Mode: It is shows in which state is mobile operating, Idle, Dedicated & Packet.
Time slot: On which time slot of current TCH call is going on. Viz. time slot no. of TRX.
Call Setup Success Rate Definition and Troubleshooting Assim Mubder
The CSSR indicates the probability of successful calls initiated by the MS. The CSSR is an important KPI for evaluating the network performance. If this KPI is too low, the subscribers are not likely to make calls successfully. The user experience is thus affected.
This is my talk in german about Mobile Testing. This time I was asked questions from the audience before my talk and I prepared a nice slide deck with the answers and more about mobile testing.
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In this paper Call admission control (CAC) is a significant component in wireless networks to promise quality of service requirements and also to improve the network flexibility. The reliability is measured in terms of quality of service (QoS) and grade of service (GoS). GoS is a call‐level factor, which comprises of a new call blocking probability and handoff call blocking probability. So a robust Call Admission and Power Control Mechanism are desired. An admission control method considering the quality of service (QoS) requirements is accountable for deciding whether an incoming call/connection can be accepted or not. One major challenge in designing a CAC creates due to the fact that the cellular network has to service two major types of calls: new calls and handoff calls. The QoS performances related to these two types of calls are generally measured by new call blocking probability and handoff call dropping probability. Our work advance the dropping and handoff loss probabilities and present a coherent framework for comparative studies of presented approaches, but also helps future researches and developments of new call admission policies.
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conducting a regular network performance monitoring and optimisation as it directly impacts the quality of
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performance evaluation and optimisation of a GSM network on cell cluster-basis, in Asaba region, South
East Nigeria. We employ a combination of essential key performance indicators such as dropped call rate,
call setup success rate and outage call rate to examine overall QoS and GoS performance of the GSM
network. Our results after network optimisation showed significant performance improvement in terms of
call drop rate, call set up success rate, and call block rate across. Specifically, the end user satisfaction
rate has increased from 94.45%, 87.74%, and 92.85% to 99.05%, 95.38% and 99.03% respectively across
the three GSM cell clusters. The GoS is reduced from 3.33%, 6.60% and 2.38% to 0.00%, 3.70% and
0.00% respectively. Furthermore, ESA, which correspond end points service availability, has improved
from 94.44%, 93.40% and 97.62% to 100%, 96.30% and 100% respectively. In addition, the average
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What are MISRA C rules ?
MISRA C conformance and deviations
Tools for MISRA C conformance
Embedded Security Rules
Brief about ICNIRP
Ionizing and Non-Ionizing radiations
ICNIRP guidelines for HF waves -1998
ICNIRP guidelines adopted by India
Role of WHO
Role of DoT, Inter-ministerial Committee
Instructions to State Governments
Conclusion
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2. Different 3GPP releases up gradation to UMTS architecture
3. UMTS Core network elements
4. Protocols used in UMTS core networks
5. MSC server and MGW
6. IMS architecture
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1. RF spectrum and GSM specifications
2. FDMA and TDMA
3. Digital Voice Transmission
4. Channel coding, Interleaving and Burst formatting
5. GMSK
6. Frame structure of GSM
7. Corrective actions against multipath fading
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Abbreviations
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RUM-Classifications
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Impairments in OFC
Advantages in OFC
Different types of optical cables
OFC network elements : splitters, splices, connectors, lasers
optical sources and optical detectors
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Why do we need RRM ?
Need of RRM in WCDMA ?
RRM algorithms Objectives
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Satellite link and elements of satellite communication
Frequency bands of satellite communication
Different orbits of satellite communication
Link budget calculations
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Different types of antennas used in satellite communication
Role of an antenna
Antenna temperature
Cassegrain feed Antenna
Parabolic antenna
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Basics of data communications
Network Elements
Introduction to Protocols
Bridges, Routers, HUB, switch, gateway
Packet Switching Concepts
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GENERAL: History of Transmission Systems
Optical fiber communication,
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Advantages
Applications
ITU-T Recommendations
Fiber optic principle
Windows of operation
Trends in OF Communication
Fiber classification
OF Cable Types
Optical Fiber transmission impairments
Optical Sources and Detectors
Optical Link Characterization and Design
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2. Spectrum Management.
3. Digital Microwave Systems.
4. Fading and measures to counter Fading effect.
5. Digital Microwave link – Performance Objectives.
6. Modulation Methods.
7. A word about BWA
8. Other wireless communication Applications
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Brief History of IoT
IoT Architecture & Perspective
IoT Applications
IoT Challenges and Solutions
IoT future
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Components of any BTS
BTS transceiver, BTS O&M module, clock module
BTS Transmitter and Receiver Characteristics
BTS configurations
BTS functions and Protocols on Um and Abis Interface
BTS security aspects
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Drive testing in mobile networks
1. Drive Testing in Mobile
Networks
Presentation by:
Naveen Jakhar, ITS
& Chetan Sharma, ITS
2. What is Drive Testing:
2
• Drive Testing is a method of measuring and assessing the coverage, capacity
and Quality of Service (QoS) of a mobile radio network.
• Drive testing is principally applied in both the planning and optimization
stage of network development.
• Drive tests are the most common measurement tool used by operators, to
probe the quality status and solve network problems.
3. Why Drive Testing?
3
• To check deployment of new network sites in order to meet coverage,
capacity and quality requirements
• Optimization of the network
• Benchmarking of performance
• Trouble shooting
• To verify the performance after an upgrade or reconfiguration of the
network
4. Drive Testing:
4
• It is conducted for checking the coverage criteria of the cell site with the RF
drive test tool.
• The data collected by drive test tool in form of Log files are assessed to
evaluate the various RF parameters of the network.
• The technique consists of using a motor vehicle containing mobile radio
network air interface measurement equipment that can detect and record a
wide variety of the physical and virtual parameters of mobile cellular service
in a given geographical area.
5. Data Acquired from Drive Test:
5
The dataset collected during drive testing field measurements can include
information such as
• Signal intensity
• Signal quality
• Interference
• Dropped calls
• Blocked calls
6. Data Acquired from Drive Test…
6
• Call statistics
• Service level statistics
• QoS information
• Handover information
• Neighbouring cell information
• GPS location co-ordinates
7. Types of Drive Testing:
7
1. Network Benchmarking
2. Optimization & Troubleshooting
3. Service Quality Monitoring
The results produced by drive testing for each of these purposes is different.
8. Network Benchmarking:
8
• Sophisticated multi-channel tools are used to measure several network
technologies and service types simultaneously to very high accuracy and
collect accurate competitive data on the true level of their own and their
competitors technical performance and quality levels
9. Optimization and Troubleshooting:
9
• Optimization and troubleshooting information is more typically used to aid
in finding specific problems during the rollout phases of new networks or to
observe specific problems reported by consumers during the operational
phase of the network lifecycle.
10. Service Quality Monitoring:
10
• Service quality monitoring typically involves making test calls across the
network to a fixed test unit to assess the relative quality of various services
using Mean opinion score (MOS).
• Service quality monitoring is typically carried out in an automated fashion.
11. Equipment used in drive test:
11
• A laptop computer - or other similar device;
• Data collecting software installed on the laptop;
• A Security Key - Dongle - common to these types of software;
• One mobile phone for each mobile network that is being tested;
and
• One GPS antenna.
14. Test Methods:
14
Test Methods Purpose
Idle It is used to record the network condition at idle state and
the level and C/I on BCCH
Dedicated _Short Call
(120 sec)
It is mainly used for testing the accessibility and mobility of
network. Also used for checking successful completion of
call
Dedicated _Long Call
(entire duration of drive
test)
It is mainly used to test the retainability and sustainability.
e.g. Call drop rate, Handover Success rate, etc.
15. Analysis of Drive Test Data:
15
• The drive test data is collected through data collecting software
like TEMS.
• TEMS investigation 14.x and above.
• Test Mobile System(TEMS) is a technology used by telecom
operators to measure, analyse and optimise their mobile networks.
It is considered as basic tool to perform wireless network drive
testing, benchmarking and analysis.
17. Accessibility:
17
Accessibility is the ability of a service to be obtained within
specific tolerances and other given conditions, when requested by
the user. In other words, the ability of a user to obtain the
requested service from the system. Accessibility is monitored by
measuring Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR) which is defined as the
ratio of Established Calls to Call Attempts.
18. Retainability:
18
Retainability is “The ability of a service, once obtained, to
continue to be provided under given conditions for a requested
duration.” For determining the Retainabilty the regulation
prescribes three important parameters namely Call drop rate
(CDR), Worst affected Cells having more than 3% TCH drop and
Connection with good voice quality.
19. Mobility:
19
In a cellular system a base station has only a limited coverage
area. Hence it is possible for a moving subscriber to be out of
range of a base station while making a call. The process by which
a mobile telephone call is transferred from one base station to
another as the subscriber passes the boundary of a cell is called a
handover. The Handover success rate (HOSR) more than 95% is
considered to be good.
20. RF Coverage:
20
RF Coverage relates to the geographical footprint within the
system that has sufficient RF signal strength to provide for a
call/data session. The Coverage rate of an operator is calculated
basis of %age of samples in which the receive level (Rx) is better
than -85 dbm at street level.
21. Rx Quality:
• For measuring voice quality, Rx Quality samples on a scale from 0 to 7 for
GSM operators are measured. As per the TRAI QoS norms, Rx Quality
between 0- 5 for GSM operators is considered to be good, whereas Rx
Quality beyond this benchmark is considered to be poor. TRAI has set down
the QoS norm requiring connections with good voice quality to be >95%.
21
22. Carrier over Interference (C/I):
• The carrier-over-interference ratio seeks to test the level of optimization of
the signal strength of a network. It is the ratio between the levels of the
signal strength of the current serving cell to that of the signal strength of
undesired or interfering signal components. The measurement range extends
from 0 dB to 30 dB. A C/I below 4 dB would normally result in a dropped
call. The C/I values between 9 and 15 is acceptable; while values between 15
and 30 are considered good.
22
23. QoS Parameters – Reporting by TSP
SN Name of parameter
Bench
mark
Averaged over a
period
A Network Service Quality Parameters:
(i) Network Availability
BTSs Accumulated downtime (not available service) ≤ 2% One Month
Worst affected BTSs due to down time ≤ 2% One Month
(ii) Connection Establishment (Accessibility)
Call Set - up Success Rate (with in licensee's own
network)
≥ 95% One Month
SDCCH/Paging Channel Congestion ≤ 1% One Month
TCH Congestion ≤ 2% One Month
(iii) Connection Maintenance (Retainability)
(a) Call Drop Rate ≤ 2% One Month
(b) Worst affected cells having more than 3% TCH drop
(call drop) rate
≤ 3% One Month
(c) connections with good voice quality (Rx Quality) ≥ 95% One Month
(iv) Hand Over Success Rate(HOSR) (Mobility) ≥ 95% One Month
(v) Carrier-over-interference ratio (C/I) >= 9dB One Month