3.reformation and the wars of religion

4. Erasmus and Christian Humanism

17. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation

25. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation ClementVII (France) UrbanVI (Italy) VS

57. Martin Luther

58. Martin Luther

59. Martin Luther

60. Justification by Faith

61. Justification by Faith

62. Martin Luther

63. Martin Luther

64. Martin Luther

65. Martin Luther

66. The 95Thesis

67. The 95Thesis

68. The 95Thesis

69. The Reformation Divides Europe

75. The Reformation Divides Europe • Hundreds of German Princes converted to Lutheranism, the Holy Roman Emperor fought them as heretics.

76. The Reformation Divides Europe • These rulers quickly took control of the Catholic churches in their territories, forming state churches under their rule.

77. The Reformation Divides Europe • In June 1524, Luther faced a political crisis when German peasants revolted against their lords, Luther sided with the lords.

78. The Reformation Divides Europe • Lutheranism had time to spread as the Holy Roman EmperorCharlesV (Hapsburg) was busy.

79. The Reformation Divides Europe • CharlesV (a paladin of Catholicism) fought a 20 year war against the French King.

80. The Reformation Divides Europe • CharlesV (a paladin of Catholicism) colonized the Americas.

81. The Reformation Divides Europe • CharlesV (a paladin of Catholicism) fought a 20 year war against the French King.

82. The Reformation Divides Europe • When Pope ClementVII joined the French King, CharlesV captured him and sacked Rome in 1527.

83. The Reformation Divides Europe • Next CharlesV had to fight off the armies and navies of the Ottoman Sultan.

84. The Reformation Divides Europe • When he turned his attention to the Holy Roman Empire, Lutheranism had become deep rooted.

85. The Reformation Divides Europe • He defeated the Protestant German Princes, yet could not kill them all.

86. The Reformation Divides Europe • An end to religious warfare in Germany came in 1555 with the Peace of Augsburg.

87. The Reformation Divides Europe • This agreement formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany.The German Princes could choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism.

88. The Reformation Divides Europe • A Prince’s religion became the religion of that state, subjects could not choose their religion..

90. The Zwinglian Reformation

104. John Calvin (1509-1564)

105. John Calvin (1509-1564)

106. John Calvin (1509-1564)

107. John Calvin (1509-1564)

108. John Calvin (1509-1564)

110. John Calvin (1509-1564)

111. John Calvin (1509-1564)

112. John Calvin (1509-1564)

113. John Calvin (1509-1564)

114. John Calvin (1509-1564)

115. John Calvin (1509-1564)

120. John Calvin (1509-1564)

121. John Calvin (1509-1564)

128. The Reformation Changes England

131. Church of England (Anglican Church) The Pope would not allow him to divorce Queen Catherin, daughter of Isabella of Spain.

132. Church of England (Anglican Church) Henry 8 expected Cardinal Wosley to get an annulment, however Pope ClementVII could not as Catherine was the aunt of CharlesV.

133. Henry turned toThomas Cromwell and had Parliament declare him the head of the Church in England, and divorced her. The Reformation Changes England

136. Church of England They Anglican Church kept most of the Catholic hierarchy, just with Henry as the head. The Reformation Changes England

137. Church of England Henry’s did away with monks and nuns and expropriated the treasures that Monasteries had built up over 1500 years, which were substantial. The Reformation Changes England

139. Henry and Catherine had a daughter Mary a Catholic. The Reformation Changes England

140. Queen Mary I The Reformation Changes England

141. #2--Anne Boleyn

142. Elizabeth daughter of Henryand Anne a Protestant.

143. And the wedding kept coming! The Reformation Changes England

144. #3--JaneSeymour [1508-1537]

145. #4--Anneof Cleves [1515-1557]

146. #5--KatherineHoward [1525-1542]

147. #6--KatherineParr [1512-1548]

148. Henry’s Deathbed

149. The Anabaptists

158. Effects on the Role ofWomen

161. Effects on Literacy

164. The Catholic Counter Reformation

174. Europe in Crisis:TheWars of Religion

186. Lepanto October 7, 1571 Strategic Context In response to the Ottoman invasion of Venetian-held Cyprus, Pope Pius V proclaims the Holy League, comprising the Papacy, Spain, Venice, Genoa, Tuscany, Savoy, Urbino, Parma and the Knights of Malta. The Holy League’s purpose is to resist Ottoman Empire’s aspirations in the Mediterranean Sea. Two weeks after the Ottomans crush the last resistance on Cyprus, this mutually suspicious alliance finally assembles a fleet under Don Juan of Austria and seeks out the Ottoman fleet. Ottoman scouts report the Holy League fleet’s arrival in the Gulf of Patras to Müezzinzade Ali Pasha, commander of the Ottoman fleet, who orders an attack.This decision is against the advice of his peers who argue for a defensive position. Stakes + A Holy League victory would halt – at least temporarily – Ottoman expansion in the Mediterranean. + An Ottoman victory would splinter the Holy League alliance and encourage Ottoman dominance of the Mediterranean. By Jonathan Webb, 2010 ©

187. Lepanto, 1571 Strength Holy League Well Ottomans Well Don Juan of Austria 216 galleys202 galleys Müezzinzade Ali Pasha By Jonathan Webb, 2010 © 6 galeasses 64 galiots

189. Müezzinzade Pasha deploys his fleet in five divisions, three being pre-committed to fight at his dense center. His left wing has the most room to maneuver and thus equipped with many with smaller, more agile galiots. He plans to preserve his center while one or both of his wings defeat their opposition and envelop the Holy League line. Juan deploys his fleet in four divisions, one being a reserve. Juan strengthens his center with both quantity and quality of galleys and allows his lethal galeasses to sail ahead of the main line to thin out the Ottoman ranks. He plans to crush the Ottoman center while his wings prevent his own center from being outflanked. Overall, the Holy League galleys are larger and boast more firepower but are slower than their Ottoman counterparts. Both Müezzinzade and Juan command from the center of their lines. Ottomans (Müezzinzade Pasha) Holy League (Juan) NN Mehmet Suluk As both fleets sail towards each other, Barbarigo’s galeasses pulverize Mehmet Suluk’s galleys and disrupt their formation. Mehmet Suluk adapts by sending the galleys on his extreme right to round the inshore flank of Barbarigo’s galleys, knowing the Holy League captains are less accustomed to the area and more fearful of running ashore. The rest of the Ottoman right wing follows and is able to concentrate against only half of the Holy League left wing. Doria Bazan Barbarigo Juan Müezzinzade Pasha Uluj Ali Mehmet Suluk is punishing the Holy League left wing until its other half swings around to engage in battle and Bazan sends reinforcements from the reserve. Barbarigo is mortally wounded and must cede command to Contarini who is then killed and succeeded by Nani. Juan’s center galeasses decimate the Ottoman galleys with a murderous fire before close combat. Meanwhile, Uluj Ali is straining the Holy League right by deploying his surplus of ships in line, forcing Doria to stretch his own line to match the length of the Ottoman line. This inevitably creates gaps. In the north, Nani turns the tide by killing Mehmet Suluk and trapping the Ottoman galleys against the shore. In the center, the heftier Holy League galleys are inflicting heavy losses while a duel between the two flagships develops; both commanders funnel all available men into this battle. Bazan sends reinforcements from the reserve to ensure steady pressure against the Ottoman flagship. In the south, Uluj Ali continues to deploy ships and force Doria to strain his line; the Holy League right wing is drifting dangerously further from the center. Trapped against the shore and without a leader, the Ottoman right wing is in the process of annihilation. The Ottoman center continues to suffer grievous losses but remains intact. Fifteen captains of Doria’s extreme left believe he is betraying the Holy League by ignoring the fierce engagement in the center so they break formation to join the fray, creating a sizeable gap in the Holy League right wing. Uluj Ali seizes this opportunity to charge the gap, destroying most of the wandering galleys on the way. Juan’s right flank is suddenly threatened but Bazan sends the last of the reserve to try and contain the gap. Doria meanwhile rushes to engage the rest of his division but cannot fully do so. The remainder of the Ottoman right wing runs aground and the crews abandon their galleys for land. Meanwhile, Müezzinzade Pasha is finally killed and his flagship overrun just as Doria engages the Ottoman left wing. Uluj Ali realizes the situation is futile and escapes westward with thirty galleys. The remaining Ottoman galleys flee in small contingents. Holy League (Don Juan ofAustria) 202 galleys 6 galeasses Ottomans (MüezzinzadeAli Pasha) 216 galleys 64 galiots Contarini Nani Holy League Reserve (DonÁlvaro de Bazan) 38 galleys Ottoman RightWing (Mehmet Suluk Pasha) 60 galleys 2 galiots Holy League Center (Don Juan ofAustria) 62 galleys 2 galeasses Holy League LeftWing (Agostin Barbarigo) 53 galleys 2 galeasses Holy League RightWing (GianAndrea Doria) 54 galleys 2 galeasses Ottoman Center (MüezzinzadeAli Pasha) 95 galleys 30 galiots Ottoman LeftWing (Uluj Ali Pasha) 61 galleys 32 galiots Holy League LeftWing (Frederigo Nani) 53 galleys 2 galeasses Galeasse Galeasses are designed to carry guns whereas typical galleys carry soldiers. The six Venetian galeasses at Lepanto are relatively experimental but pack ample firepower: they carry fourty heavy guns whereas flagship galleys carry only five. However, galeasses must be towed into battle by two galleys and so this firepower comes at the expense of speed.

190. Lepanto, 1571 Casualties & Aftermath Holy League: Ottomans: 16 ships or 8% 214 ships or 76% By Jonathan Webb, 2010 © The Holy League was unable to exploit the victory due to the lateness of the year. By 1572, Ottoman shipbuilding efforts were able to rebuild an entirely new fleet under Uluj Ali. The experienced crews and naval soldiers lost at Lepanto could not be replaced for decades, however. An inconclusive naval war dragged on until 1581 wherein Uluj Ali never risked his inexperienced navy against Juan’s victorious fleet despite the withdrawal of Venetian galleys in 1573.

209. Economic and Social Crises

216. The WitchcraftTrials

226. TheThirtyYears’ War

252. Major Effects of the 30 years war

259. Next time The English CivilWars and the Enlightenment

3.reformation and the wars of religion

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (17)

Similar to 3.reformation and the wars of religion

Similar to 3.reformation and the wars of religion (19)

More from Pinecrest Academy Nevada

More from Pinecrest Academy Nevada (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

3.reformation and the wars of religion