1. The document discusses the relationship between the Catholic Church and political leaders in medieval Europe. As the weak central governments of feudal Europe left a power vacuum, the Church grew as a powerful institution that shaped people's lives and expanded its political role.
2. There was an ongoing power struggle between the Church and emperors over who held supreme authority. Pope Gelasius I introduced the concept of separating the Church and state, with the pope wielding the "religious sword" and emperors the "political sword".
3. Conflicts arose as the Church sought to assert its independence from secular rulers, such as between Pope Gregory VII and Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over who had the power to
This is an extensive series of slides on Christian missions, beginning in the Bible and going to modern times. This section covers the later middle ages
This is an extensive series of slides on Christian missions, beginning in the Bible and going to modern times. This section covers the later middle ages
The Medieval Fusion of Church and StateInterrelation of .docxcherry686017
The Medieval Fusion of Church and State
Interrelation of Secular and Religious Authorities
Political and religious authorities in the High Middle Ages (1000-1350) had many conflicts, but none advocated a division between church and state.
I. Political and Religious InterrelationsII. Papal Reform MovementIII. The Eleventh-Century Investiture Conflict
I. Political and Religious Interrelations1. “Separation of Church and State” Defining what we mean in the twenty-first century: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.”2. The political role of medieval clergyBishops as worldly lords3. The religious role of medieval secular rulers
II. Papal Reform Movement (Freedom of the Church)1. Choosing bishops and the PopeHenry III installs Pope Leo IX 1048Establishment of the College of Cardinals 10592. Attacking Church Abuses (secular clergy)SimonyProprietary ChurchesClerical Marriage/ConcubinageLay Investiture
3. Papacy as Religious Monarchy 1. Extending Papal JurisdictionPopes claim power to invest all bishops (those outside his territory in central Italy)2. Pope as Feudal LordConferred the status of king on the Norman ruler of Sicily3. Development of Canon Law and Pope as Ultimate JudgePapal Curia as a Church Supreme Court
III. The Investiture Conflict1. Control of Milan 1075Pope Gregory VII deposed German bishops appointed by Henry IVHenry IV King of Germany and “Emperor of the Romans”2. Gregory excommunicates Henry, who faces a challenger for imperial throne 3. Canossa 1077; Civil War in Germany; Second excommunication4. Gregory Flees Rome 10845. Concordat of Worms 1122
Holy War: The First Crusade
Urban II in 1095 in Clermont
The Crusades grew out of the papal reform movement of the eleventh century and the increased political role of the pope in European affairs. Through the crusades the popes applied ideas of purification and regeneration to all of Christendom.Not just the clergy needed to be purified, but also the lay warrior elite. Through holy war!
I. Preconditions for the Crusades1. Church and Papal Reform2. Penitential and Devotional Practices3. Christian Ideas of Just War and Holy War4. Political Fragmentation in the Islamic WorldBreakdown of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Influence of the Seljuk Turks
II. Unexpected Developments1. The Peasants’ Crusade (Popular Crusade)Walter the Penniless and Peter the Hermit2. Attacks on Jewish Communities in the Rhineland (1096)Jews forced to convert or die3. The Baron’s Crusade and the Capture of Jerusalem (1099)
III. Consequences of the Crusades1. The Capture of Jerusalem (1099)2. Establishment of Latin Crusader States3. Increased Conflict with the Byzantine Empire and Eastern Orthodox Church4. Increased Trade with the Near East
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PowerPoint about a few key figures regarding the growth of power and influence of Christianity in Europe. Also some basic information about the Crusades.
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
Homily: The Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity Sunday 2024.docxJames Knipper
Countless volumes have been written trying to explain the mystery of three persons in one true God, leaving us to resort to metaphors such as the three-leaf clover to try to comprehend the Divinity. Many of us grew up with the quintessential pyramidal Trinity structure of God at the top and Son and Spirit in opposite corners. But what if we looked at this ‘mystery’ from a different perspective? What if we shifted our language of God as a being towards the concept of God as love? What if we focused more on the relationship within the Trinity versus the persons of the Trinity? What if stopped looking at God as a noun…and instead considered God as a verb? Check it out…
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
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to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
2. Church and politics clashed
Church leaders and political
leaders competed for power
and authority.
Amid the weak central
governments in feudal
Europe, Church remained a
powerful institution.
▪ CHURCH- shaped the lives of
people from all social classes
▪ CHURCH- expanded its
political role
4. Ideally, before the crowning of
Charlemagne…
GELASIUS I- a pope who
introduced the concept on the
separation of the church and
state.
“There are two powers by
which this world is cheifly
ruled: The sacred authority of
the priesthood and the
authority of the kings.”
5. RELIGIOUS SWORD POLITICAL SWORD
Held by the emperors
Emperors should bow to
Held by the pope the pope in religious
Pope should bow to the matters
emperor in political
matters
6.
7. Church has its own Bishops- settle
organization disputes over Church
teachings and religious
It consisted of different practices
ranks of clergy
(religious officials) Priests- people’s main
contact with the
POPE- Bishops- Priests Church.
8. People looked up to PROMISE OF
the church as a SALVATIOIN- an
provider of security everlasting life.
and religious Sacraments and or
community to which religious ceremonies
they could belong. paved the way for
achieving salvation.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. EXCOMMUNICATION INTERDICT
Banishment from the Under the interdict, many
Church. sacraments and religious
Used by popes to wield services could not be
power over political performed in the king’s
rulers. lands.
If a king is Belief: without the
excommunicated, all of his sacraments, people might
vassals will be freed from be doomed to eternal
their duties to him. suffering in hell.
17. Remember the first emperor of the Roman
Empire? Charlemagne. (erratum: Roman
Empire not Holy Roman Empire)
Crowned by Pope Leo III after winning the favor of
the pope.
Charlemagne’s death led to the creation of the
Holy Roman Empire set the stage for future
conflicts between emperors and popes.
18. Otto the Great- greatly inspired
by his “boyhood hero”
Charlemagne.
Copied Charlemagne in many
aspects (ex. Limited nobles’ strength,
sought help from the clergy, invaded
Italy on the pope’s behalf.)
He tried to revive Charlemagne’s
Roman Empire and made it the Holy
Roman Empire (aka Roman Empire
of the German Nation), the strongest
state in Europe until 1100.
19. RESENTMENT grew from the Italian nobles
towards the German rule.
FEAR transpired among the popes over the
growing political power that the German
emperors held over Italy.
Ban of lay investiture (a ceremony in which the kings
and nobles appointed church officials); powerful
clergies such as the bishops must not be under the
power of any king.
Story of Henry IV, a young German emperor, and
Pope Gregory VII.
20. POPE GREGORY VII HENRY IV
Bishops must not be under
the power of kings/ nobles.
The church must not be
undermined by them.
Ban of lay investiture After meeting with some German
bishops he appointed, called
Gregory a “false monk, not pope”.
After bishops and princes sided
With Henry’s vicious reply, the pope, Henry asked for the
Gregory had him pope’s forgiveness.
excommunicated. THIS BEGINS A SHOWDOWN IN
CANOSSA.
21. “There, having laid aside all the belongings of
royalty, wretchedly, with bare feet and clad in
wool, he (Henry IV) continued for three days
to stand before the gate of the castle. Nor did
he desist from imploring with many tears the
aid and consolation of the apostolic mercy
until he had moved all of those who were
present there…” – Pope Gregory in Basic
Documents in Medieval History
22. Monastic revival and church reforms were
made to restore and expand the power and
authority of the church; Began the Age of
Faith
Church suffered severe problems
Priests could barely read prayers
Popes were men of questionable morals
Bishops cared more about their position as feudal
lords
23. FIRST: village priests marrying and having
families
STOPPED BY POPE LEO IX
SECOND: simony where positions of the
Church are sold by bishops
STOPPED BY POPE LEO IX
THIRD: lay investiture should be apponted by
the Church.
24. Preaching friars- example Francis of Assisi
Dominicans (emphasized scholarship) and Franciscans
(treating creatures as if they were their spiritual
brothers and sisters)
Religious orders for women
Examples: Poor Clares and a Benedictine convent
founded by Hildegard of Bingen, Germany
New church architecture
Gothic- thrusting upward as if reaching the heavens.
In contrast of the previous Romanesque churches
which were heavy and gloomy.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29. Holy War 3. Pope wants to reclaim
What caused the launching of Palestine and reunite
the Crusades? Christendom
1. Muslims control over the 4. Pope appeals to Christian
Palestine (the Holy Land) and knights
threaten Constantinople (seat 5. Knights feel religious zeal
of the Byzantine Empire) (assurance of heaven if died
during the Crusades) and want
lands, riches (non-eldest male
2. Byzantine emperor (Alexius sons), and adventure
Comnenus) calling the Pope 6. Italian cities desiring
(Urban II) for help commercial power (merchants
financing Crusades to win
control key trade routes to
India, SE Asia, and China from
Muslim traders.
30. First and second crusades
Crusaders were French (mostly), Germans, Englishmen, Scots, Italians, and
Spaniards
Ill-prepared for the holy war; no knowledge of the geography, climate, and
culture of the Holy Land.
No strategy to capture Jerusalem
Jerusalem fell to the Muslim leader Saladin.
Muslims were the victors
Third and fourth crusades
Led by three powerful European monarchs Philip Augustus of France, Frederick
Barbarossa, and Richard the Lion hearted.
Barbarossa drowned, Philip fought with Richard resulting in the former’s
retreat, Richard was the only one left.
Richard fought with Saladin which resulted in a truce. Jerusalem remained
under the control of the Muslims.
The fourth crusade = looting of Constantinople.
31. Children’s crusades
Belief that God would give children Jerusalem.
Many died due to cold weather and starvation.
Others were either drowned or sold into slavery.
Spanish crusade
Reconquista and the Inquisition
32. Byzantine Empire weakened
Pope’s power declined due to the failure of
later Crusades
Feudal nobles’ power weakened; many
knights died and lost their fortunes
Italian cities expanded trade and grew rich
Trade grew between Europe and Middle
Ages.
33. SALADIN
Most famous Muslim
leader of the 11oos
Most devout man
Christians called him
honest and brave
Captured Jerusalem in the
Second Crusade
34. RICHARD THE LION-HEARTED
Good-looking
Charming
Brave , graceful, gay (?),
and ruthless
Responsible for the
slaughtering of 3,000
Muslim survivors
35. The Crusades left behind good and bad
legacies. One of those bad legacies is the
feeling of bitterness and hatred as displayed
by the intolerance and prejudice of the
Christians. There’s still a clear dispute
between Christians and Muslims even up to
now.
As social scientists, how can we put into
rest this so-called religious discrimination?
36. THE CHURCH CRUSADES FARMING
TRADE AND
THE BUBONIC EUROPEAN TOWNS
PLAGUE MIDDLE AGES
HUNDRED
EDUCATION GOVERNMENT
YEARS’ WAR
37. 1. What is the bubonic plague? How did it start? How
did this weaken the manorial economy?
2. In what years did Europe’s first universities develop?
Why were they created? Who were the usual
students in these universities?
3. Why was there a shift of population from farms into
towns? What was the relationship of towns to trade?
4. How did the Hundred Years’ War weakened feudal
power?
5. Describe the emerging central governments in
England and France during the medieval time.
6. How did farming increase population in the Medieval
Ages?
38. SUBMISSION OF HISTORY JOURNALS
Cs – Nov 16
Sr – Nov 17
Be, K, Na- Nov 18
Open notes Quiz within the week. Be prepared.