European exploration between 1418 and 1620 was driven by three main factors: the desire to find new trade routes to Asia to access lucrative goods like spices, the desire to earn fame, glory, and wealth by claiming new lands and riches for their nations, and the desire to spread Christianity. Nations like Portugal and Spain led these expeditions, which were enabled by advances in shipbuilding, navigation tools, cartography, and weapons. Key explorers included Vasco da Gama, Pedro Cabral, Christopher Columbus, and Ferdinand Magellan. The impacts of these voyages included increased European knowledge, the growth of capitalism and market economies, population growth, and new social divisions based on wealth.