The Protestant Reformation was a 16th century movement aimed at reforming corruption within the Catholic Church. Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and papal authority in 1517, which helped spark the Reformation. This led to the formation of Protestant religions separate from Catholicism and a split in Christianity. The Reformation spread ideas like "faith alone" and challenged the Church's authority, while the Counter-Reformation strengthened Catholic doctrines and launched the Inquisition in response.

1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Causes of the Reformation 100 Years War and Black Death Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church The Corruption within the Catholic Church

3. What was the Protestant Reformation? Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

4. What was the Protestant Reformation? In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

5. What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY CATHOLIC PROTESTANT

6. The Reformers Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII

7. Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany Father encouraged him to study law A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

8. Martin Luther He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

9. ROMANS 1:17 “ The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

10. Luther's 95 Theses A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) He criticized: The Power of the Pope The Extreme Wealth of the Church Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

11. Luther's 95 Theses Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany Gained support from people and criticism from Church

12. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

13. Acceptance of Reforms Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

14. CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

15. Christianity Catholic Protestant Lutheran Calvinism Puritan Hugeunots Presbyterian

16. John Calvin - Calvinism French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland “ Faith Alone” saves you The Bible holds the truth Religious Education PREDESTINATION - God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

17. Calvinism Spreads to France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland Dutch Reformed, Scottish Presbyterians, American Baptists, Puritans, from this branch.

18. Henry VIII of England Wished to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn Pope refused to grant it Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534 In America we call this the Anglican Church

19. Act of Supremacy- 1534 The King is head of the church in England, not the Pope!!

20. The COUNTER-Reformation Or, The Catholic Church Strikes Back!!

21. 1545 Council of Trent Met over 17 years Determined what was heresy (against church teachings) Reaffirmed what was Church teachings Launched the Inquisition, and the Jesuits

22. Remember: The Spanish Inquisition

23. IN SHORT, THE REFORMATION ENDED CHURCH UNITY IN WESTERN EUROPE