1. Empires of the SeaEmpires of the Sea
By: Roger CrowleyBy: Roger Crowley
David LeeDavid Lee

2. SuleimanSuleiman
• Great-grandson of Mehmet the ConquerorGreat-grandson of Mehmet the Conqueror
and son of Selim.and son of Selim.
• Inherited the Ottoman throne at age 23.Inherited the Ottoman throne at age 23.
• Conquered Belgrade and the importantConquered Belgrade and the important
city of Rhodes.city of Rhodes.
• Failed to capture the city of Vienna in theFailed to capture the city of Vienna in the
Siege of Vienna.Siege of Vienna.
• Failed to capture Malta in his later years.Failed to capture Malta in his later years.
• Died on his 13Died on his 13thth
campaign at the age of 72campaign at the age of 72
in September 5 or 6, 1566 in Szigetvar.in September 5 or 6, 1566 in Szigetvar.

3. Siege of MaltaSiege of Malta
• The Ottoman Empire invaded the island of Malta.The Ottoman Empire invaded the island of Malta.
• Suleiman decided to go for Malta to enlarge his empire and to reduceSuleiman decided to go for Malta to enlarge his empire and to reduce
the king of Spain’s power. He also claimed that the island of Malta is “athe king of Spain’s power. He also claimed that the island of Malta is “a
headquarters for infidels.”headquarters for infidels.”
• On May 18, 1565 the Ottoman invasion fleet of about 30,000 menOn May 18, 1565 the Ottoman invasion fleet of about 30,000 men
surrounded the island of Malta.surrounded the island of Malta.
• On September 11, 1565, the final battle at Malta occurred at SaintOn September 11, 1565, the final battle at Malta occurred at Saint
Paul’s Bay.Paul’s Bay.
• The Ottomans retreated and in total lost about half of its army.The Ottomans retreated and in total lost about half of its army.
• The knights lost half of their original 500 members. And of the 8000The knights lost half of their original 500 members. And of the 8000
defenders, only 600 were healthy enough to still fight.defenders, only 600 were healthy enough to still fight.
• This was Suleiman’s largest defeat in over 40 years.This was Suleiman’s largest defeat in over 40 years.

4. Pope Pius VPope Pius V
• Took over after Pius IV died onTook over after Pius IV died on
December 9, 1565.December 9, 1565.
• While Pius IV was coolheaded andWhile Pius IV was coolheaded and
relatively tolerant, Pius V wasrelatively tolerant, Pius V was
uncompromising.uncompromising.
• He emerged as the champion ofHe emerged as the champion of
Christendom and led the crusadeChristendom and led the crusade
against Islam.against Islam.
• Excommunicated Elizabeth ofExcommunicated Elizabeth of
England and called her “a slave ofEngland and called her “a slave of
wickedness.”wickedness.”
• Helped with the formation of theHelped with the formation of the
Holy League that confrontedHoly League that confronted
infidels and won at the Battle ofinfidels and won at the Battle of
Lepanto.Lepanto.
• Died on May 1, 1572 and wasDied on May 1, 1572 and was
succeeded by Pope Gregory XIII.succeeded by Pope Gregory XIII.

5. Battle of LepantoBattle of Lepanto
• Occurred on October 7, 1571 atOccurred on October 7, 1571 at
the Gulf of Patras.the Gulf of Patras.
• It was a battle between the HolyIt was a battle between the Holy
League and the Ottoman Empire.League and the Ottoman Empire.
• In the 4 hour battle, 40,000 menIn the 4 hour battle, 40,000 men
were dead, about 100 shipswere dead, about 100 ships
destroyed, and 137 Muslim shipsdestroyed, and 137 Muslim ships
were captured by the Holywere captured by the Holy
League.League.
• Of the dead, 25,000 were OttomanOf the dead, 25,000 were Ottoman
and only 3,500 were taken alive.and only 3,500 were taken alive.
• The Holy League was victoriousThe Holy League was victorious
and this led to their control overand this led to their control over
the Mediterranean.the Mediterranean.

6. Don Juan of AustriaDon Juan of Austria
• Born February 24, 1547 and diedBorn February 24, 1547 and died
October 1, 1578.October 1, 1578.
• Son of Charles V.Son of Charles V.
• On August 14, 1571 CardinalOn August 14, 1571 Cardinal
Granvelle gave Don Juan hisGranvelle gave Don Juan his
badges of office which made himbadges of office which made him
an official leader of the Holyan official leader of the Holy
League.League.
• He defeated Ali Pasha during theHe defeated Ali Pasha during the
Battle of Lepanto.Battle of Lepanto.
• Also helped fight Uluch Ali in theAlso helped fight Uluch Ali in the
Battle of Lepanto.Battle of Lepanto.

7. Don Juan of AustriaDon Juan of Austria
• Born February 24, 1547 and diedBorn February 24, 1547 and died
October 1, 1578.October 1, 1578.
• Son of Charles V.Son of Charles V.
• On August 14, 1571 CardinalOn August 14, 1571 Cardinal
Granvelle gave Don Juan hisGranvelle gave Don Juan his
badges of office which made himbadges of office which made him
an official leader of the Holyan official leader of the Holy
League.League.
• He defeated Ali Pasha during theHe defeated Ali Pasha during the
Battle of Lepanto.Battle of Lepanto.
• Also helped fight Uluch Ali in theAlso helped fight Uluch Ali in the
Battle of Lepanto.Battle of Lepanto.