These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of 3D scanners is becoming better through improvements in lasers, camera ICs, and processor ICs. 3D scanning is both a complement to 3D printing and a technology with its own unique applications. 3D printing of complex objects can be done from a CAD database or from a 3D scan where a 3D scan can be done with laser or other sources of white light such as LEDs.
3D scanning can also be done for other purposes. For example, scientists and engineers are using 3D scanners to survey archeological, construction, crime scene, and engineering sites, to document maintenance and repair of engineered systems, and to customize medical and dental products for humans. Improvements in lasers, LEDs, camera chips, ICs, and other components continue to improve the economic feasibility of 3D scanning. Longer wavelength lasers increase the scanning range, better camera chips improve the scanning resolution, and better lasers, camera chips, and processor ICs reduce the scanning time. For example, third generation scanners from Argon, one leading supplier, have 100 times higher resolution and one tenth the scan times of Argon’s first generation system.
For costs, lasers make up the largest percentage followed by camera and processor ICs. For example, lasers make up 80% of the hardware cost for one high-end system with a current cost of $1346 and a price of about $3000. As laser costs fall and as volumes enable smaller margins, the price of such systems will fall.
For the same reasons, low-end systems continue to emerge. These include Microsoft’s Kinect and an app for the iPhone. Microsoft’s Kinect was $150 while the app was only $4.99, both in early 2013. As such low-end systems proliferate, and high-end systems continue to get cheaper, 3D scanning will find new applications.
The first step into the new approaches, developments, discoveries and tools of technology is to believe in yourself. In your own creativity power. The next, comes alone [for free].
SUNVISION Technologies Pvt. Ltd provides affordable, high quality 3D Scanning Services, 3D Laser Scanning and 3D Digitizing. SUNVISION offers total solutions to the industry ranging from 2D to 3D Data Conversion,3D solid Modeling,Data Capturing using 3D White Light Scanning & 3D Inspection using Photogramtry."/>
The first step into the new approaches, developments, discoveries and tools of technology is to believe in yourself. In your own creativity power. The next, comes alone [for free].
SUNVISION Technologies Pvt. Ltd provides affordable, high quality 3D Scanning Services, 3D Laser Scanning and 3D Digitizing. SUNVISION offers total solutions to the industry ranging from 2D to 3D Data Conversion,3D solid Modeling,Data Capturing using 3D White Light Scanning & 3D Inspection using Photogramtry."/>
X-rays were discovered in 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen,
who earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. Although their potential applications
in medical imaging diagnosis were clear from the beginning, the implementation of
the first X-ray computed tomography system was made in 1972 by Godfrey Newbold
Hounsfield (Nobel prize winner in 1979 for Physiology and Medicine), who constructed
the prototype of the first medical CT scanner and is considered the father of computed
tomography. CT was introduced into clinical practice into 1971 with a scan of a cystic
frontal lobe tumor on a patient at Atkinson Morley Hospital in Wimbledon (United
Kingdom). After this, CT was immediately welcomed by the medical community and
has often been referred to as the most important invention in radiological diagnosis, since
the discovery of X-rays [1].
The first applications of CT in an industrial context is traced back to the first 1980´s, in the
field of non destructive testing, where small number of slices of the object were visually
inspected. 3D quantitative industrial CT applications appeared in the later 1990s, with
simple volume and distance analysis [2]. Today, thanks to relevant improvements in both
hardware and software, CT has become a powerful and widely used tool among non
destructive techniques, capable of inspecting external and internal structures (without
destroying them) in many industrial applications. Development of more and more stable
X-ray sources and better detectors led to design of more complex CT system, providing
accurate geometrical information with micrometer accuracy. CT is widely used for
geometrical characterization of test objects, material composition determination, density
variation inspection etc. In a relative short time, CT is capable to produce a complete
three-dimensional model and tolerances of the scanned machined parts can be verified.
Because of the growing interest on precision in production engineering and an increasing
demand for quality control and assurance, CT is leading the field of manufacturing
and coordinate metrology. With respect to traditional techniques, CT systems have indisputable advantages: internal and external geometry can be acquired without
destroying the part, with a density of information much higher than common tactile and
optical coordinate measuring. A key parameter for reliability of the measurement process
is the establishment of measuring uncertainty. Since there are many influence parameters
in CT, uncertainty contributors in CT and standards dealing with quantification of CT
have not been completely established yet. The assessment of the uncertainty budget
becomes a challenge for all researchers
FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
Laser cutting machine is a machine that uses Laser technology for cutting large metals and put them to various uses. Thin sheets of metal are easy to cut, but for cutting or engraving thick sheets, Laser cutting tools are the best choice.
The use of 3D printing is gradually increasing and the technologies developed in the 3D printing also increases. This presentation is about the various technologies present the market.
3d printing technology,
Machines available for 3d printing,
Industrial application of 3D printing technology,
Machines available in market for 3D printing,
Types of 3D printing,
Metal 3D printing,
Products manufactured by 3D printing,
Future scope of manufacturing by 3D printing.
in this presentation i have discussed about 4D Printing technology. you can watch out it in video form on my You Tube channel https://youtu.be/ZDaurFz2byc
Join us for an all-encompassing look at industrial 3D printing – where the technology is today, how it got there, and where it’s heading. Early adopters are using 3D printing to improve product design, streamline manufacturing processes, and lean out their supply chains. Cutting-edge software is being used alongside 3D printing to design previously “impossible,” parts optimized beyond conventional manufacturing capabilities.
X-rays were discovered in 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen,
who earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. Although their potential applications
in medical imaging diagnosis were clear from the beginning, the implementation of
the first X-ray computed tomography system was made in 1972 by Godfrey Newbold
Hounsfield (Nobel prize winner in 1979 for Physiology and Medicine), who constructed
the prototype of the first medical CT scanner and is considered the father of computed
tomography. CT was introduced into clinical practice into 1971 with a scan of a cystic
frontal lobe tumor on a patient at Atkinson Morley Hospital in Wimbledon (United
Kingdom). After this, CT was immediately welcomed by the medical community and
has often been referred to as the most important invention in radiological diagnosis, since
the discovery of X-rays [1].
The first applications of CT in an industrial context is traced back to the first 1980´s, in the
field of non destructive testing, where small number of slices of the object were visually
inspected. 3D quantitative industrial CT applications appeared in the later 1990s, with
simple volume and distance analysis [2]. Today, thanks to relevant improvements in both
hardware and software, CT has become a powerful and widely used tool among non
destructive techniques, capable of inspecting external and internal structures (without
destroying them) in many industrial applications. Development of more and more stable
X-ray sources and better detectors led to design of more complex CT system, providing
accurate geometrical information with micrometer accuracy. CT is widely used for
geometrical characterization of test objects, material composition determination, density
variation inspection etc. In a relative short time, CT is capable to produce a complete
three-dimensional model and tolerances of the scanned machined parts can be verified.
Because of the growing interest on precision in production engineering and an increasing
demand for quality control and assurance, CT is leading the field of manufacturing
and coordinate metrology. With respect to traditional techniques, CT systems have indisputable advantages: internal and external geometry can be acquired without
destroying the part, with a density of information much higher than common tactile and
optical coordinate measuring. A key parameter for reliability of the measurement process
is the establishment of measuring uncertainty. Since there are many influence parameters
in CT, uncertainty contributors in CT and standards dealing with quantification of CT
have not been completely established yet. The assessment of the uncertainty budget
becomes a challenge for all researchers
FDM Process introduction (A part of Additive Manufacturing Technique OR Commonly Known as 3D Printing). 3D printing is an evolved manufacturing technique; it is comparatively better than conventional substractive manufacturing. There is minimum wastage of material because material is added only at those locations where it is required. To make 3D model you need a 3D printer and feeding material and obviously power source. Any thermoplastic material whose melting temperature lies in the range of 150-240 deg. C can be used in FDM based 3D printing.
Laser cutting machine is a machine that uses Laser technology for cutting large metals and put them to various uses. Thin sheets of metal are easy to cut, but for cutting or engraving thick sheets, Laser cutting tools are the best choice.
The use of 3D printing is gradually increasing and the technologies developed in the 3D printing also increases. This presentation is about the various technologies present the market.
3d printing technology,
Machines available for 3d printing,
Industrial application of 3D printing technology,
Machines available in market for 3D printing,
Types of 3D printing,
Metal 3D printing,
Products manufactured by 3D printing,
Future scope of manufacturing by 3D printing.
in this presentation i have discussed about 4D Printing technology. you can watch out it in video form on my You Tube channel https://youtu.be/ZDaurFz2byc
Join us for an all-encompassing look at industrial 3D printing – where the technology is today, how it got there, and where it’s heading. Early adopters are using 3D printing to improve product design, streamline manufacturing processes, and lean out their supply chains. Cutting-edge software is being used alongside 3D printing to design previously “impossible,” parts optimized beyond conventional manufacturing capabilities.
An Introduction to Laser Scanning - Part 1: How does it all work?3D Laser Mapping
How does laser scanning work? Explore the ins and outs of laser scanning or LiDAR as it is commonly known.
If you would like to find out more - please drop us a line at info@3dlasermapping.com or have a look at our website www.3dlasermapping.com
Diamond West 3D Laser Scanning Presentationdustinwoomer
3D Survey and Visualization
Diamond West utilizes LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) 3D scanning technology to digitally reconstruct an existing environment in a 3D digital model with sub-centimeter accuracy.
Digitally scanned data can be modeled in 3D or converted to 2D drawings (plan view, elevation cross section, and topography) for export to any standard CADD platform. Scanned information is linked together to form a comprehensive digital image.
Applications include:
Architectural as-builts, historic preservation/archive, structural steel mapping/cataloging, conceptual design and interference checking, fabrication and construction inspection, manufacturing and reverse engineering, topographic mapping, accessibility renovations, civil traffic and utility planning, as-builts for plant facilities, movie industry; the list goes on. If you can see it, you can scan it.
Advantage to using LIDAR 3D Scanning Technology:
Reduces field work, reduces risk of liability for field crews, competitive cost to conventional surveying, dramatically increases available information without multiple site visits, creates (sub-centimeter) accurate 3D models, remote sensing/minimizes need for access to structures.
High-definition 3D scanning provides: more accurate base mapping, detailed information along structural facades from the ground to the sky, documentation of not only surface conditions but also building conditions. Due to the potential for design and construction abutting building façades, the sub-centimeter accuracy will be a vital design and construction quality control tool.
The scanned 3D model can also be used in the future as a visualization tool by generating “fly-by” animated movies and still frames from any requested vantage point.
In summary, the use of sub-centimeter accurate 3D survey data will provide the design team with the accuracy needed to ensure proper quality control for design and construction activities. This technology will also provide the community and decision-makers with an extremely useful visual aid tool in evaluating the proposed design against existing conditions.
Build Your Own 3D Scanner:
Introduction
http://mesh.brown.edu/byo3d/
SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses
Douglas Lanman and Gabriel Taubin
This course provides a beginner with the necessary mathematics, software, and practical details to leverage projector-camera systems in their own 3D scanning projects. An example-driven approach is used throughout; each new concept is illustrated using a practical scanner implemented with off-the-shelf parts. The course concludes by detailing how these new approaches are used in rapid prototyping, entertainment, cultural heritage, and web-based applications.
INCLINE può mettere a disposizione dei suoi clienti la tecnologia del rilievo topografico e geomeccanico realizzato con sistema di acquisizione laser-scanner terrestre.Quando le pareti rocciose sono di dimensioni notevoli, la normale tecnologia di rilievo topografico diventa inefficace; la scansione topografica delle pareti rocciose diventa quindi possibile con l’utilizzo di un laser-scan georeferenziato che permette di rilevare l’intero fronte roccioso da distanza (fino a 1000m) e con una risoluzione massima pari a 20.400 punti/m2.Lo strumento topografico laser utilizza una tecnologia di scansione degli oggetti che sfrutta la riflessione luminosa degli oggetti per definirne le coordinate.Dalla definizione delle coordinate si passa poi all’esportazione della nuvola dei punti che ne definisce il modello solido 3D con una risoluzione massima di circa 20.400punti/mq.
Laser scanning constitutes the deflection of laser beams. 3D Scanning involves the process of analyzing real-world objects for collecting data of shapes and appearance. The collected data is then used for constructing digital 3D Models, consisting of a polygon mesh or point cloud of geometric samples on the surface of the object.
https://www.tejjy.com/our-services/bim-services/3d-laser-scanning-services/
Mehr und schneller ist nicht automatisch besser - data2day, 06.10.16Boris Adryan
Das Gesetz der großen Zahlen gilt immer: Die statistische Sicherheit nimmt mit der Anzahl der Datenpunkte immer zu, sofern die Datennahme fair erfolgt. Leider kostet das Sammeln der Daten oftmals Geld, und so ist man vor allem im Bereich der Sensorik (Stichwort: Internet der Dinge) gezwungen, sinnvolle Kompromisse einzugehen. In diesem Vortrag fasse ich die Erkenntnisse eines Projekts zusammen, in dem die Datenanalytik zeigte, dass man zukünftig nur 60% der ausgebrachten Sensoren wirklich braucht. Auch muss es nicht immer Echtzeit-Analyse sein: Mit einer auf den Business-Case abgestimmten Datenstrategie lassen sich unnötige Ausgaben vermeiden.
Three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning
uses light detection and ranging (LIDAR)
measurement techniques to quickly and
accurately collect data on the size and shape
of an object or environment. Through the
years, the cost to purchase and operate
stationary and mobile scanning has decreased
and is now changing the way 3D data is
captured and interpreted.
Revolutionizing Surveying: The Power of 3D Laser Scanning Services.pptxfalconsurveyme
we discuss, examine the advantages, uses, and future of 3D laser scanning survey services.
Visit us: https://www.falconsurveyme.com/our-services/laser-scanning/
3D Printing Technology PPT by ajaysingh_02AjaySingh1901
This PPT make on 3D printing Technology or additive manufacturing in which we cover the need, history importants, future scope, trend before the 3DP, advantage and disadvantage, limitations, application of 3DP
Similar to 3D Scanners and their Economic Feasibility (20)
The "Unproductive Bubble:" Unprofitable startups, small markets for new digit...Jeffrey Funk
This article will show that the current bubble has produced few profitable startups and involved few if any new digital technologies, nor technologies involving recent scientific advances, and thus it is unlikely that much that is productive will be left once the dust settles. There is a growth in old technologies such as e-commerce but little in new technologies such as AI. The startup losses are also much larger than in the past suggesting that fewer of today’s startups will still exist in a few years than those of 20 years ago.
Commercialization of Science: What has changed and what can be done to revit...Jeffrey Funk
This paper several changes that I believe may have reduced America’s ability to develop science-based technologies. I make no claims about the completeness. I begin with the growth of university research and then cover several changes it engendered, including an obsession with papers, hyper-specialization of researchers, and huge bureaucracies, also using the words of Nobel Laureates and other scientists to make my points.
2000, 2008, 2022: It is hard to avoid the parallels How Big Will the 2022 S...Jeffrey Funk
These slides summarize the recent share price declines for new startups, declines that are driven by huge annual and cumulative losses and it contrasts today's bubble with those of 2000 and 2008. It shows that today's bubble involves bigger startup losses than those of the 2000 bubble and that the markets of new technologies have not grown to the extent that those of past decades did. Many hedge funds, VCs, and pension funds are heavily invested in these startups. Some of them are also highly leveraged.
The Slow Growth of AI: The State of AI and Its ApplicationsJeffrey Funk
The failure of IBM Watson, disappointments of self-driving vehicles, slow diffusion of medical imaging, small markets for AI software, and scorching criticisms of Google’s research papers provide evidence for hype and disappointment in AI, which is consistent with negative social impact of Big Data and AI algorithms. There are some successes, but they are much smaller than the predictions, with virtual applications (advertising, news, retail sales, finance and e-commerce) having the largest success, building from previous Big Data usage in the past. Looking forward, AI will augment not replace workers just as past technologies did on farms, factories, and offices. Robotic process automation and natural language processing are likely to play important roles in this augmentation with RPA automating repetitive work, natural language processing summarizing information, and RPA also putting the information in the right bins for engineers, accountants, researchers, journalists, and lawyers. Big challenges include reductions in training time depending on faster computers, exponentially rising demands on computers for high accuracies in image recognition, a slowdown in supercomputer improvements, datasets riddled with errors, and reproducibility problems.
Behind the Slow Growth of AI: Failed Moonshots, Unprofitable Startups, Error...Jeffrey Funk
Smaller than expected markets, money-losing startups, failure of Watson, slow-diffusion of self-driving vehicles and medical imaging, and scorching criticisms of Google’s research papers are some of the examples used to characterize the hype of AI. There are some successes, but they are much smaller than the predictions, with advertising, news, and e-commerce having the biggest success stories. Looking forward, #AI will augment not replace workers just as past technologies did on farms, factories, and offices. Robotic process automation and natural language processing are likely to play important roles in this augmentation with #RPA automating repetitive work, natural language processing categorizing information, and RPA also putting the information in the right bins for engineers, accountants, researchers, journalists, and lawyers. The big challenges include exponentially rising demands on computers for high accuracies in images, a slowdown in supercomputer improvements, datasets riddled with errors, and reproducibility problems. See either this podcast or my slides, whose URL is shown in comments. #technolgy #innovation #venturecapital #ipo #artificialintelligence
The Troubled Future of Startups and Innovation: Webinar for London FuturistsJeffrey Funk
These slides show how the most successful startups of today (Unicorns) are not doing as well as the most successful of 20 to 50 years ago. Today's startups are doing worse in terms of time to profitability and time to top 100 market capitalization status. Only one Unicorn founded since 2000 has achieved top 100 market capitalization status while six, nine, and eight from the 70s, 80s, and 90s did so. It is also unlikely that few or any of today's Unicorns will achieve this status because their market capitalizations are too low, share prices increases since IPO are too small, and profits remain elusive. Only 14 of 45 had share price increases greater than the Nasdaq and only 6 of 45 had profits in 2019. The reasons for the worse performance of today's Unicorns than those of 20 to 50 years ago include no breakthrough technologies, hyper-growth strategies, and the targeting of regulated industries. The slides conclude with speculations on why few breakthrough technologies, including science-based technologies from universities are emerging. We need to think back to the division of labor that existed a half a century ago.
Where are the Next Googles and Amazons? They should be here by nowJeffrey Funk
Great startups aren’t being founded like they were in the 1970s (Microsoft, Apple, Oracle, Genentech, Home Depot, EMC), 1980s (Cisco, Dell, Adobe, Qualcomm, Amgen, Gilead Sciences), and 1990s (Amazon, Google, Netflix, Salesforce.com, PayPal). All of these startups reached the top 100 for market capitalization, but Facebook is the only startup founded since 2000 which has entered the top 100. Tesla and Uber are often discussed as highly successful but they have many times higher cumulative losses than did Amazon at its time of peak losses and neither has had a profitable year despite being older than Amazon was when it achieved profits. Furthermore, few of the recent Unicorn IPOs have experienced shareprice increases greater than those of the Nasdaq (14 of 45), only 3 of these 14 have profits, and only six of them have a
market capitalization over $30 (Zoom), $20 (Square), and $10 billion (Twilio, DocuSign, Okta). America’s venture capital system isn’t working as well as it once did, and the coronavirus will make things worse before the VC system gets better.
Start-up losses are mounting and innovation is slowing, but venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, consultants, university researchers, and business schools are hyping new technologies more than ever before. This hype is facilitated by changes in online media, including the rise of social media. This paper describes how the professional incentives of experts and the changes in online media have increased hype and how this hype makes it harder for policy makers, managers, scientists, engineers, professors, and students to understand new technologies and make good decisions. We need less hype and more level-headed economic analysis and this paper describes how this economic analysis can be done. Here is a link to the journal, Issues in Science & Technology: www.issues.org
Irrational Exuberance: A Tech Crash is ComingJeffrey Funk
These slides apply Nobel Laureate Robert Schiller's concept of irrational exuberance (and a book) title to the current speculative bubble of 2019. Over investments in startups and a lack of profitability in them are finally starting to catch up with the venture capital industry and the tech sector that relies on it. Investments by US venture capitalists have risen about six times since 2001 causing the total invested in 2018 to exceed by 40% the peak of 2000, the last big year of the dotcom bubble. But the number of IPOs has never returned to the peak years of 1993 to 2000; only about 250 were carried out between 2015 and 2017 vs. about 1,200 between 1995 and 1997.
The reason is simple: startups are taking longer to go public because they are not profitable. Consider the data. The median time to IPO has risen from 2.8 years in 1998 to 7.7 years in 2016 and the ones going public are less profitable than they were in the past. Although only 22% of startups going public in 1980 were unprofitable, 82% were unprofitable in 2018. The same high percentages of unprofitability have only been achieved twice before, in 1998 and 1999 right before the dotcom bubble burst. Furthermore, startups that have recently done high profile IPOs such as Snap, Dropbox, Blue Apron, Fitbit, Trivago, Box, and Cloudera are still not profitable.
Ride Sharing, Congestion, and the Need for Real SharingJeffrey Funk
Current ride sharing services are not financially sustainable. Although they provide more convenience than do taxi services, they are experiencing massive losses because they have the same cost structure as do taxis and thus must compete through subsidies and lower wages. After all, they use the same vehicles, roads, and drivers, and only GPS algorithms and phones are new.
They also increase congestion. Just as more private vehicles or taxis on the road will increase congestion, more ride sharing vehicles also increase congestion.
These slides describe new ways to use the technologies of ride sharing to reduce congestion along with costs while at the same time keeping travel time low. This can be done through changing public transportation systems or allowing private companies to offer competing services. For instance, current bus services, whether they are private or public, need to use the algorithms, GPS, phones and other technologies of ride sharing to revise routes, schedules and the premises that currently underpin public transportation. There is no reason a bus should be certain size, stop every 200 meters, or follow the same route all day. Algorithms and phones enable new types of routes in which designers simultaneously minimize time travel and maximize number of passengers transported per vehicle.hour.
Using the percent of top managers in IPOs (initial public offering) as a proxy for an industry’s/technology’s scientific intensity, this paper shows that the percentage of IPOs and of venture capital financing for science-based technologies has been declining for decades. Second, the percentage of PhDs among the top managers in science intensive industries is also declining, suggesting that their scientific intensities are falling. Third, the age of these top managers rose during the same period suggesting that the importance of experiential knowledge has increased even as the importance of PhDs and thus educational knowledge has decreased. Fourth, the numbers of IPOs and of venture capital funding are not increasing for newer science-based industries such as superconductors, solar cells, nanotechnology, and GMOs. Fifth, there are extreme diseconomies of scale in the universities that produce the PhD-holding top managers, suggesting that universities are far less effective at doing research than are companies. These results provide a new understanding of science and technology, and they offer new prescriptions for reversing slowing productivity growth.
This paper addresses the types of knowledge that are needed in entrepreneurial firms using a unique data base of executives and directors for all IPOs filed between 1990 and 2010. Using highest educational degrees as a proxy for educational knowledge, it shows that 85% of those with PhDs are concentrated in the life sciences and ICT (information and communication technology) industries and second, that those in the ICT industries are concentrated at lower layers in a “digital stack” of industries, ranging from semiconductors and other electronics at the bottom layer to computing and Internet infrastructure at the middle layer and Internet content, commerce, and services in the top layer. Third, industries with fewer PhDs have more bachelor’s and MBA degrees suggesting that PhDs are being replaced by them and not M.S. degrees. Fourth, age is higher for industries with the most PhDs thus suggesting a greater need for experiential knowledge in industries with greater needs for educational knowledge. Fifth, the number of Nobel Prizes tracks industries with high fractions of PhDs.
beyond patents:scholars of innovation use patenting as an indicator of innova...Jeffrey Funk
This paper discusses the problems with using patents as a measure of innovation and papers as a measure of science. It also uses data to show the problems. for example, the number of patent applications and awards have grown by six times since 1984 while productivity growth has slowed.
These slides discuss how to put context back into learning. Farm and other work at home once provided a context for learning, but this context has become much weaker as work at home as mostly disappeared Students once learned mostly from parents because they worked on farms, fixed things at home, and prepared meals. These activities provided a "context" for school learning, a context that has been mostly lost. These slides discuss how this context can be put back into learning and the implications for the types of people best suited for teaching and the way to train them.
Technology Change, Creative Destruction, and Economic FeasibiltyJeffrey Funk
After showing that the costs of most electronic products are from electronic components, these slides show how the iPhone and iPad became economically feasible through improvements in microprocessors, flash memory, and displays.
These slides show that the demand for most professions is growing steadily in spite of continued improvements in productivity enhancing tools for them. They also show that AI will have a largely incremental effect on the professions, in combination with Moore's Law, cloud computing, and Big Data. They do this accounting, legal, architects, journalists, and engineers.
Solow's Computer Paradox and the Impact of AIJeffrey Funk
These slides show why IT has not delivered large improvements in productivity and why new forms of IT like AI will also not deliver large improvements, except in selected sectors. The main reason is that the improvements in AI are over-hyped and because most sectors do not have large inefficiencies in the organization of people, machinery, and materials.
What does innovation today tell us about tomorrow?Jeffrey Funk
This paper was published in Issues in Science and Technology. It distinguished between the Silicon Valley and science-based process of technology change. It shows that more new products and services are emerging from the latter than the former.
Creative destrution, Economic Feasibility, and Creative Destruction: The Case...Jeffrey Funk
This paper shows how new forms of electronic products and services such as smart phones, tablet computers and ride sharing become economically feasible and thus candidates for commercialization and creative destruction as improvements in standard electronic components such as microprocessors, memory, and displays occur. Unlike the predominant viewpoint in which commercialization is reached as advances in science facilitate design changes that enable improvements in performance and cost, most new forms of electronic products and services are not invented in a scientific sense and the cost and performance of them are primarily driven by improvements in standard components. They become candidates for commercialization as the cost and performance of standard components reach the levels necessary for the final products and services to have the required levels of performance and cost. This suggests that when managers, policy makers, engineers, and entrepreneurs consider the choice and timing of commercializing new electronic products and services, they should understand the composition of new technologies, the impact of components on a technology's cost, performance and design, and the rates of improvement in the components.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
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3D Scanners and their Economic Feasibility
1. Group Members:
Huang He A0098538L
Benjamin Cho Eng Keong A0098460X
Neo Yee Ping A0098542W
Oh Wee Meng, Wilson A0008231X
See Soon Hui A0098554N
Wong Kim Jyh A0098426U
Kelvin Ho Kong Meng A0082023W
1
For information on other new technologies that are becoming economically feasible,
see http://www.slideshare.net/Funk98/presentations
5. Outline
5
Introduction
Applications
The “Old” vs. “New”
Cost and Performance Comparison
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Better
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Cheaper
3D Scanner Market at a Glance
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
6. Applications – 1/7
Site Surveying
3D laser scanning accurately captures
large sets of 3D coordinates
Can detect pavement distresses, eg.
potholes and large-area utility patches.
Able to get a higher level of accuracy by
capturing all data at once, instead of one
point at a time.
Can estimate very quickly, the volume of
earth to remove
Source: http://www.darlingltd.com
Source: http://dmminingandenergy.com.au/services/
63D Laser Scanning of Inca ruins of Machu Picchu
7. Applications – 2/7
Archival of Building Designs
○ capture as-built data for a historical,
religious, or other culturally significant
structures to create a permanent
digital record.
http://www.sparpointgroup.com
Source: http://www.darlingltd.com
Architecture, Engineering and
Construction
Building retrofits and remodels
• capture as-built data and modify on
digital model.
• estimated that 60% of U.S. building in
the next 20 years will be based on
existing construction, reliant on old 2D
drawings or no existing data at all
7
8. Applications – 3/7
Product Design & Inspections
Archiving
○ Store digital copies of the designs,
etc.
Reverse engineering
○ Create new objects from existing
products.
Inspection
○ Compare 3D scans with CAD data or
previously captured data.
Source: http://metrisusa.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/image-one-8-20-10.jpg
Inspection
http://blog.nikonmetrology.com/tag/3d-scanning/
http://blog.nikonmetrology.com/tag/3d-scanning/
Archiving
8
9. Applications – 4/7
Crime Scene Investigation
Reproduce 3D digital model of crime scene.
Allows investigator to
○ revisit the crime scene over and over again.
○ simulate “what if” scenarios.
○ reproduce physical models of weapons, etc. for further analysis.
○ take multiple critical measurements in a fraction of time compared to
traditional methods.
Source: http://www.deltasphere.com/images/FaroImages.jpg
9
10. Applications – 5/7
Maintenance and Repair
Create 3D digital model of
machine under repair.
Can send scan over the internet
to engineers in other region to
analyze.
○ No need for engineer to
visit site.
○ Engineer can revisit
“machine” numerous times
without visiting site.
http://www.usinenouvelle.com/industry/img
http://www.tctmagazine.com/
Internet
10
11. Applications – 6/7
Archaeology & art
Scan historical sites and artifacts both for
documentation and analysis purposes
11
204 Scans in 4 days on site
12. Applications – 7/7
Medical, Plastic Surgery, Forensics
Dental
○ braces, retainers, and mouth guards
Face
○ form-fitted face mask for treating burn
victims
Body Parts
○ prosthetics (ie. leg, back)
Non-contact scanning
○ Especially useful for situations of extreme
pain, eg. burn victims
Relatively fast compared to conventional methods
○ Patients may not be able to hold the posture
for long.
Source:
http://blog.3d3solutions.com
Source: http://blog.3d3solutions.com
Source: http://blog.creaform3d.com/ 12
13. Outline
13
Introduction
Applications
The “Old” vs. “New”
Cost and Performance Comparison
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Better
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Cheaper
3D Scanner Market at a Glance
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
14. 14
Previous Technology used to reconstruct 3D Images
Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
• A CMM is a 3D device that can move in the 3
axis for measuring the physical geometrical
characteristics of an object
• The computer will recorded these co-
ordinates to form a 3D image of the object
• The X,Y,Z co-ordinates are collected by
using a contact probe that is positioned
manually by an operator or automatically
15. 15
Previous Technology used to reconstruct 3D Images
Digital Photogrammetry
• A passive and contactless method of obtaining 3D
images (only camera needed)
•Operates on images of a scene captured from
different locations using a standard digital camera
•Once the positions of the cameras are known, the 3D
location of any point in the scene can be determined
by locating that point in both images
Products include:
• Surface models
• Aerial images
• 3D Building Models
• Contour Maps
16. 2. Laser scanning
•A laser line is projected onto the object
surface.
•Laser profilers have to be moved over an
object to digitize its surface.
•Camera capturing the laser profile of the
object.
Current 3D Scanning Technologies (1/2)
1. Coded Light / White Light /
Structure Light
•Projecting a narrow band of stripes light onto a
three-dimensionally shaped surface.
•Distorted stripes light were capture by camera.
•Distorted stripes were used to rebuilt the shape
of the original object
16
17. Current 3D Scanning Technologies (2/2)
3. Interferometry
•Light from light source are split towards
specimen and reference mirror.
•Light from the test specimen is mixed with
light reflected from the reference mirror to
form an interference pattern.
•Interference pattern captured by camera
4. Time-of-flight
•A laser is used to emit a pulse of light.
•Amount of time before the reflected
light is seen by a detector is measured.
•Since the speed of light is known, the
round-trip time determines the travel
distance of the light.
17
18. Outline
18
Introduction
Applications
The “Old” vs. “New”
Cost and Performance Comparison
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Better
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Cheaper
3D Scanner Market at a Glance
- Case study of Creaform
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
19. Comparison Overview (New)
White Light
Laser
Triangulation
Interferometry
Time of Flight
Imaging Speed Resolution Object surface Object Size Cost
20. Outline
20
Introduction
Applications
The “Old” vs. “New”
Cost and Performance Comparison
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Better
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Cheaper
3D Scanner Market at a Glance
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
21. Why 3D Scanning Will Get Better
21
Light source:
Laser / white light
Processor
Sensor:
CCD / CMOS
22. Improvements in Light Source – Laser
Improvements in scanning
range: longer wavelength
= longer range
Brings about the
possibility of scanning at
night with little light source
22
Source: http://laserpointerforums.com/f45/direct-green-laser-diode-
technology-progress-64402-2.html
“A team of researchers at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland ...were
able to obtain centimeter resolution depth images of low-signature objects in
daylight at stand-off distances on the order of one kilometer at the relatively
eye-safe wavelength of 1560 nm.”
Source: http://blog.lidarnews.com/long-distance-high-accuracy-laser-scanning
25. Improvements in Sensor
Increase in resolution
over the years
Higher pixel count =
able to capture finer
details
25
Source:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0
079672702000241
Source:
http://info.adimec.com/blogposts/bid/396
56/CCD-vs-CMOS-Image-Sensors-in-
Machine-Vision-Cameras
CMOS vs. CCD –
Capture Speed
2x in 1.5 yrs
2x in 7 yrs
27. Evolution of Stand-Alone Scanners – Case of Argon
27
Evolution since 1995:
• Accuracy
• Resolution
• Scannable surface
• Ambient light conditions
Source: http://www.precisiebeurs.nl/assets/Uploads/Argon-
Measuring-Solutions.pdf
Case Study of overall 3D scanning improvement (1/2)
28. Evolution of Stand-Alone Scanners – Case of Argon
28
Case Study of overall 3D scanning improvement (2/2)
Atos I Atos III Atos III Triple
Scan time significantly reduced!
29. Outline
29
Introduction
Applications
The “Old” vs. “New”
Cost and Performance Comparison
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Better
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Cheaper
3D Scanner Market at a Glance
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
30. Price breakdown of 3D laser scanner
Laser emitters $1160
Sensor CMOS $86
Processor <$50
Power unit <$50
Next Engine Laser
desktop scanner
Total cost: $1346
Sale price: $2995
30
31. Improvements in Average Selling Price (ASP) and Power of
Semiconductor Lasers
Source: Martinson R 2007. Industrial markets beckon for high-power
diode lasers, Optics, October: 26-27.
MT5009- fifth session (1) – lighting.pptx
Cheaper Light Source - Laser
31
32. Source: Materials Today 14(9)
September 2011, Pages 388–397
MT5009- fifth session (1) – lighting.pptx
Reduction in Operating Cost - Laser
32
Reductions in Threshold Current, i.e., Minimum Current Needed
for Lasing to Occur, enable lower power consumption
More
portable
and
cheaper
lasers!
33. 33
The projection method uses non coherent light and works like a video projector.
Patterns are generated by a display within the projector, typically an LCD .
Light Source
- White LED Bulb
Pattern
Generation on
LCD
Cheaper Light Source – White Light
34. 34
Cost of White LED Bulbs decreasing
http://www.shimhyun.com/products/led/index
The price of LEDs has been consistently going down, and this trend is expected to continue. By
2015, LED bulbs are expected to be competitive to other forms of white light in terms of price.
0.09
0.009
Price
(USD)
0.0009
Cheaper Light Source – White Light
35. 35
Cost of LCD panels is decreasing
http://www.economist.com/node/21543215
Cheaper Light Source – White Light
36. From video camera tubes
to CCD/CMOS sensors,
image sensors are
constantly improving
At the moment, CMOS is
mainly occupying the low
cost, high volume market
CMOS looks like it might
displace CCD in the high
performance market in
the long run
36
Cheaper Sensors
http://www.electroiq.com/blogs/insights_from_leading_edge/2013/03/iftle-137-cmos-image-sensor-market-update.html
37. http://www.eetimes.com/rss/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=224201255
37
Time required to produce
image sensor wafer is reduced
over the years
Improved production rate leads
to cheaper sensor
http://image-sensors-world.blogspot.sg/2012_07_01_archive.html
Cheaper Sensors
Average Selling Price of Image
sensors falling continuously.
38. 38
Why
Sensors are
Getting
Cheaper
Scaling
Bigger wafer diameter
Lower die unit cost
Smaller pixel size
More pixel / area
Bigger processing machine
Handle more wafer & faster speed
Process
Improve in machine technology (example) :
•5 machines merged into 1 machine
•Chemical cleaning replaced by vacuum cleaning speed
Testing innovation Multi
dice testing Reduce in
test time / die
Material
Uses dual sided
PCB instead of
single sided
Safe material
cost and area
Gold wire
replaced by
copper wire
Component
Stacked multi-
chip for IC (US
patent 5422435)
Use nanowires to
build relatively
low cost sensor in
comparison of
silicon
39. Outline
39
Introduction
Applications
The “Old” vs. “New”
Cost and Performance Comparison
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Better
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Cheaper
3D Scanner Market at a Glance
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
41. Trend is heading towards the Consumer
Market (Portability and Low Cost)
Portable 3D Scanners from
(Cost : US$30K-100k)
41
Desktop 3D Scanner from
(Cost:US$2,995)
42. Trend is heading towards the Consumer
Market (Portability and Low Cost)
Home DIY 3D Scanners Kits from
(Cost : US$650 –US$2610)
42
Microsoft Kinect Depth sensor
(Cost: US$150)
DAVID-Laserscanner Starter-Kit Version 2
DAVID Structured Light Scanner
The depth sensor is able to
return images like an ordinary
camera, each pixel value
represents the distance to the
point. As such, the sensor can
be use as a range- or 3D-
camera
43. Trend is heading towards the Consumer
Market (Portability and Low Cost)
iPhone 3D scanners Apps
(Cost: USD $4.99)
43
44. 44
3D Laser Scanning Market (The Future)
•The 3D Laser Scanning market including
hardware, software, and services is rather
dynamic with major segments experiencing
rapid product innovation.
•Also, improved 3D laser scanning
products provide lower total project costs
which enable more projects to obtain
financial approval.
•Analyst estimated the market size for 3D
scanner to be $6.2b in 2016.
• With the overall worldwide market grow at
an 8.8 percent annual growth rate from
2011 to 2016.
Quote: Research Director Ralph Rio, the principal author of
ARC’s “3D Laser Scanning Worldwide Outlook”
http://www.arcweb.com/press-center/2012-09-18/3d-laser-scanning-market-expected-to-grow-at-an-8-8-percent-annual-rate-1.aspx
http://www.jmucc.ca/PDF/Cases/JMUCC_Creaform.pdf
45. Market demand that could aid in the diffusion
of 3D Scanners
Home and Small Offices
Low cost and smaller device size make it more
appealing for home / small office application (like
personal printer)
Usage
○ Work/School projects
○ Personalization in 3D Video Games and Social
Networking (Personalized 3D Avatar)
○ Online 3D Virtual Try-On Solution
45
For example, CADScan (a start-up company) is
exploring desktop 3D scanner for ~USD $1,200
Source: Examples of exploitation of human body digitization for styling
applications. Left: virtual fashion show, from Digital Fashion (Japan).
Center: digital customer card with stored body sizes, from e-Tailor project
(EU). Right: 3D virtual-try-on solution, from Optitex (Israel)
46. Designers
○ 3D scan to help modeling and reverse engineering
(Industrial Designers)
○ 3D scan of house interior to provide 3D image of
house design (Home Interior Designer)
46
Market demand that could aid in the diffusion
of 3D Scanners
47. The demand in 3D printing as seen now,
will also lead to a demand for 3D
scanning in the future
47
Market demand that could aid in the diffusion
of 3D Scanners
Scan in 3D Print in 3D
48. Holographic Images
Projection of stage performance to
worldwide audiences in 3D holographic
48
Market demand that could aid in the diffusion
of 3D Scanners
49. Outline
49
Introduction
Applications
The “Old” vs. “New”
Cost and Performance Comparison
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Better
Why 3D Scanning Will Get Cheaper
3D Scanner Market at a Glance
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
50. Opportunities
50
Conventional Projector
MicroVision's PicoP
Projector
Red, blue and green laser light sources to
create the projected image (Colours/Shades)
The MEMS scanning
mirror directs the
beam of light toward
the projection surface
in the pico projector
case
Product scale down for the
structured white light 3D
scanner, using a MEMS Scanner
51. Opportunities
Suppliers of 3D Scanner
Components
Lasers/Projectors, Lenses,
Cameras, Software
Source: http://www.deskeng.com/articles/aaazje.htm
Third party scanning services.
Service providers that are able to
provide scanning services for a
range of requirements.
Specialist scanning service
providers,
○ eg healthcare.
Source: http://www.3dscanco.com/index.cfm
Source: http://www.atlanticlaserscanning.com/
51
52. Opportunities
“Secondary” Software
Developers
Software that uses the point cloud
data from scanners.
○ Eg. Simulation software, QA software,
3D design software, animation
software.
Source: http://bestanimationsoftwarenow.com/
Suppliers of Computer
Numerical Control
Machines and 3D Printers
Easy availability of point cloud data
increases “supply” of 3D models to
CNC machines.
Suppliers of raw materials to CNC
Machines and 3D Printers Source: http://www.wired.com/design/2012/11/big-
3d-printers-euromold-2012/
52
53. Opportunities
Suppliers of Computer
Accessories
Eg. specialized mouse,
touch pads, gesture control
interfaces, larger monitors,
etc.
Providers of
Specialized 3D
Modelling Services
Inspection of failures,
creation of new product
designs, etc.Source: http://www.pixelsmithstudios.com/top-3d-
animation-software-that-professionals-should-look-at/
Source: http://www.digitaltrends.com/gadgets/best-
pc-accessories/
53