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Build Your Own 3D Scanner: Introduction
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Build Your Own 3D Scanner: Introduction http://mesh.brown.edu/byo3d/ SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses Douglas Lanman and Gabriel Taubin This course provides a beginner with the necessary mathematics, software, and practical details to leverage projector-camera systems in their own 3D scanning projects. An example-driven approach is used throughout; each new concept is illustrated using a practical scanner implemented with off-the-shelf parts. The course concludes by detailing how these new approaches are used in rapid prototyping, entertainment, cultural heritage, and web-based applications.
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Build Your Own 3D Scanner: Introduction
- 1. Build Your Own 3D Scanner: 3D Photography for Beginners SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses 5 August 2009, 8:30 am - 12:15 pm Douglas Lanman Brown University Gabriel Taubin Brown University
- 3. Session I Triangulation and Scanning with Swept-Planes http://mesh.brown.edu/byo3d
- 5. Introduction to 3D Scanning 3D Scanning Geometry Dynamics (Motion, Deformation, etc.) Rendering (Illumination Model)
- 11. Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Direct Contact Taxonomy adapted from Szymon Rusinkiewicz Contact Non-Contact Direct Measurements (rulers , calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM)
- 12. Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Stereo/Multi-view Photography Contact Non-Contact Active Passive Direct Measurements (rulers , calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM) Shape-from-X (stereo/multi-view, silhouettes, focus/defocus, motion, texture, etc.)
- 13. Contact Non-Contact Active Passive Shape-from-X (stereo/multi-view, silhouettes, focus/defocus, motion, texture, etc.) Direct Measurements (rulers, calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM) Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Shape-from-Silhouettes J. Starck and A. Hilton. Surface Capture for Performance-Based Animation . IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications , 2007
- 14. Contact Non-Contact Active Passive Shape-from-X (stereo/multi-view, silhouettes, focus/defocus, motion, texture, etc.) Direct Measurements (rulers, calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM) Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Shape-from-Focus/Defocus M. Watanabe and S. Nayar. Rational filters for passive depth from defocus . Intl. J. of Comp. Vision , 27(3):203-225, 1998
- 15. Contact Non-Contact Active Passive Shape-from-X (stereo/multi-view, silhouettes, focus/defocus, motion, texture, etc.) Direct Measurements (rulers, calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM) Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Computed Tomography (CT) Parallel/Fan-beam Projections 0 50 100 150 rotation angle (degrees) Density Function Transmissive Reflective Computed Tomography (CT) Transmissive Ultrasound
- 16. Contact Non-Contact Active Passive Transmissive Reflective Shape-from-X (stereo/multi-view, silhouettes, focus/defocus, motion, texture, etc.) Computed Tomography (CT) Transmissive Ultrasound Direct Measurements (rulers, calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM) Non-optical Methods (reflective ultrasound, radar, sonar, MRI) Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Non-optical Active Methods
- 17. Contact Non-Contact Active Passive Transmissive Reflective Shape-from-X (stereo/multi-view, silhouettes, focus/defocus, motion, texture, etc.) Active Variants of Passive Methods (stereo/focus/defocus using projected patterns) Computed Tomography (CT) Transmissive Ultrasound Direct Measurements (rulers, calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM) Non-optical Methods (reflective ultrasound, radar, sonar, MRI) Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Active Variants of Passive Methods M. Watanabe and S. Nayar. Rational Filters for Passive Depth from Defocus . Intl. J. of Comp. Vision , 27(3):203-225, 1998 M. Waschbüsch et al. Scalable 3D Video of Dynamic Scenes . The Visual Computer , pp. 629-638, 2005
- 18. Contact Non-Contact Active Passive Transmissive Reflective Shape-from-X (stereo/multi-view, silhouettes, focus/defocus, motion, texture, etc.) Active Variants of Passive Methods (stereo/focus/defocus using projected patterns) Time-of-Flight Computed Tomography (CT) Transmissive Ultrasound Direct Measurements (rulers, calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM) Non-optical Methods (reflective ultrasound, radar, sonar, MRI) Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Time-of-Flight
- 19. Contact Non-Contact Active Passive Transmissive Reflective Shape-from-X (stereo/multi-view, silhouettes, focus/defocus, motion, texture, etc.) Active Variants of Passive Methods (stereo/focus/defocus using projected patterns) Time-of-Flight Triangulation (laser striping and structured lighting) Computed Tomography (CT) Transmissive Ultrasound Direct Measurements (rulers, calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM) Non-optical Methods (reflective ultrasound, radar, sonar, MRI) Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Triangulation with Laser Striping M. Levoy et al. The Digital Michelangelo Project: 3D Scanning of Large Statues. Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH, 2000
- 20. Contact Non-Contact Active Passive Transmissive Reflective Shape-from-X (stereo/multi-view, silhouettes, focus/defocus, motion, texture, etc.) Active Variants of Passive Methods (stereo/focus/defocus using projected patterns) Time-of-Flight Triangulation (laser striping and structured lighting) Computed Tomography (CT) Transmissive Ultrasound Direct Measurements (rulers, calipers, pantographs, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), AFM) Non-optical Methods (reflective ultrasound, radar, sonar, MRI) Taxonomy of 3D Scanning: Triangulation with Structured Lighting
- 22. The 3D Scanning Pipeline Assign Texture (BRDF, etc.) Align 3D Point Clouds Reconstruct 3D Point Cloud(s) Data Capture Extract Isosurface (Polyhedral Mesh)
- 25. Topics/Scanners in this Course 1) Scanning with Swept-Planes 3) Post-processing Pipeline: Registration and Isosurfaces 2) Structured Lighting using Projector-Camera Systems
Editor's Notes
- Welcome to the “Build Your Own 3D Scanner” course. Over the last decade digital photography has entered the mainstream, with inexpensive, miniaturized cameras routinely included in consumer electronics. Whether for mobile phones, teleconferencing, or even gaming consoles, cheap cameras have become ubiquitous. At the moment, digital projection is poised to make a similar impact. Even now, a variety of vendors are offering small form factor, low-cost digital projectors for embedded applications. As a result, active imaging is a topic of renewed interest in the computer graphics community. In particular, low-cost homemade 3D scanners are now within reach of students and hobbyists with a modest budget. In this course we will provide the technical and practical details necessary to build your own 3D scanners using relatively inexpensive consumer electronics. For the students in the audience, some of the key topics we'll cover along the way include: 3D triangulation, camera/projector calibration, mesh processing, and visualization methods. For the more practically-inclined attendees, this course will provide all the software and step-by-step instructions required to build your own versions of the various 3D scanners we describe.
- This is a two session course. In the first session, we'll describe one of the most widely-used 3D scanners: the “swept-plane” scanner. In this design, a hand-held laser pointer is modified to project a single stripe of light. We will describe how a 3D model can be reconstructed by processing a video sequence during which the stripe is manually swept across the scene. We will also detail a more recent design in which the swept-plane is created by waving a stick in front of a single point light source. Both of these methods require a detailed understanding of 3D triangulation and camera calibration. These topics will be covered in this session. After the break we'll describe one more scanner composed of a single digital camera and projector pair. Various structured illumination patterns will be described that allow 3D models to be acquired quickly and without moving parts. In the later half of the second session, we'll cover the algorithms needed to post-process the raw point clouds produced by the various scanners. We'll show how high-quality 3D meshes can be extracted and used in your own interactive applications.
- Now, before the coffee break, we’ll describe everything you‘ll need to build your first 3D scanner using a digital camera, halogen lamp, and a wooden stick (or laser pointer).
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