3D printing involves converting a virtual 3D model into a physical object by laying down successive layers of material. It began in the 1980s and is now used for industrial prototyping, education, medicine, fashion, food and more. Various technologies are used including stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and others. While it provides many benefits, 3D printing has limitations such as slow speeds and potential effects on certain jobs. The future may bring larger 3D printers that can build structures and even prepare meals.

1. 3D PRINTING
Akhil Jose
S7,C
Roll No:3

2. Overview
• Introduction to 3D printing
• History of 3D Printing
• General Principles
• Materials & Technologies Used
• Why 3D Printing?
• Applications
• Future Scenarios
• Limitations
• Conclusion
• References

3. Introduction to 3D Printing
• It is a method of converting a virtual 3D model into a
physical object.
• Three dimensional object is created by Laying down
successive layers of materials.
• It’s also known as
• Rapid Prototyping
• Additive Manufacturing

4. History of 3D Printing
1984 - 86
Charles Hull invents 3D printing
and coins the term “Stereo
Lithography”
1992
First 3D printer built by 3D
Systems
1999
First application of 3D printing in
the medical field - creating the
human bladder

5. General Principles
• Modeling
• Printing
• Finishing

6. Modeling
• 3D printing begins with creating a digital model of
the object, usually using CAD software, which is later
converted into a .STL file

7. Printing
• The 3D printer slices the .STL file into numerous
digital cross-sections, and lays down successive
layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material to build the
model from a series of cross sections.
• These layers, which correspond to the virtual cross
sections from the CAD model, are joined together or
automatically fused to create the final shape.

8. Finishing
• :
• The final 3D printed object is then cleaned to remove
overhung material and is polished, painted (if
required) and made ready for use.

9. Materials & Technologies
Used
• Materials Used
• Plastics
• Powder
• Metals
• Ceramics
• Paper
• Bio Material
• Food
• Others

11. Stereo lithography(SLA)
• Stereo lithography is an additive manufacturing process using a vat of
liquid UV-curable photopolymer ”resin” and a UV laser to build parts a
layer at a time
• 3D printing machine called a stereo lithograph apparatus (SLA), which
converts liquid plastic into solid 3D objects.
• The whole process consists of consequent printing of layer by layer
hence STL file that printing machine uses should have the information for
each layer
• There could be up to ten layers per each millimeter
• Once all layers are printed the object needs to be rinsed with a solvent and
then placed in an ultraviolet oven to finish processing

12. Fused deposition modeling
(FDS)
• Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing
technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production
application
• 3D printers that run on FDM Technology
Build parts layer-by-layer by heating thermoplastic
material to a semi-liquid state and extruding it
via nozzle.
• The nozzle lays the material down in layers
Cross section is used to create each cross section
of material moves according to computer-controlled
paths
• things printed are of excellent mechanical
thermal and chemical qualities.

13. Selective Laser Sintering
(SLS)
• Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a technique that uses laser
as power source to fuse plastic, metal, glass, etc. to form solid
3D objects
• The main difference between SLS and SLA is that it uses
powdered material in the vat instead of liquid resin as stereo
lithography does.
• use of high-powered lasers, which makes the printer to be
very expensive

14. Selective laser melting
(SLM)
• Selective laser melting (SLM) is a technique that also uses 3D
CAD data as a source and forms 3D object by means of a
high-power laser beam that fuses and melts metallic powders
together.
• SLM process fully melts the metal material into solid 3D-
dimentional
• Metals that can be used for SLM include stainless steel,
titanium, cobalt chrome and aluminum
• This method of printing is widely applied to parts with
complex geometries and structures with thin walls and hidden
voids or channels.
• SLM projects were dedicated to aerospace application for
different lightweight parts

15. Electronic Beam Melting
(EBM)
• While SLM uses high-power laser beam as its power source,
EBM uses an electron beam instead, which is the main
difference between these two methods. The rest of the
processes is pretty similar.
• Comparing to SLM the process of EBM is rather slow and
expensive, also the availability of materials is limited
• Currently the most well spread materials that are used for
EBM are commercially pure Titanium, Inconel 718 and
Inconel 625.
• The application of EBM is mainly focused on medical
implants and aerospace area.

16. Laminated Object
Manufacturing (LOM)
• Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is one more rapid
prototyping system.
• During the LOM process, layers of adhesive-coated paper,
plastic or metal laminates are fused together using heat and
pressure and then cut to shape with a computer controlled laser
or knife.
• Their devices are widely being used by artists, architects and
product developers to create affordable projects from usual
letter paper
• The cost of printing is low due to not expensive raw materials

17. Why 3D Printing

19. Applications
Industrial &
Prototyping
Educational

20. Applications
• Medical
• 3D printing empowers health care
• Artificial Arms for Disabled
• Bionic Ears
• Fashionable Plaster
• Food
• In food preparation, to apply items in liquid or paste form such as cheese,
icing, and chocolate.

21. Applications
• Game & Entertainment
• Defence & Space

22. Future Scenarios
•3D printer service in the local strip mall / shopping center.
•3D printers mounted on Military Vehicles, Space Station, Oil
Rigs, and deployed on the Moon/Mars.
•Large 3D printers that build buildings
•3D printers that make meals
•4D printing = self assembly

23. Limitations
 Process is slow
 Components do not have enough strength.
 COST OF RAW MATERIALS
 3-D printers are still expensive.
 Misuse of technology
 Although 3-D printers have the potential of creating many jobs and
opportunities, they might also put certain jobs at risk .
Oral….below example
(for example, you can make your toys at home so toy stores and toy makers
might go out of business).

24. Conclusion
 Relatively New Technology.
 No restrictions on industry.
 Significant decrease in product development cycle and costs.

25. Reference
• http://slideshare.com
• http://wikipedia.com
• http://3ders.org
• http://3dprintingfromscratch.com
• http://livescience.com
• http://3dprinterhelp.co.uk
• Digit Fast Track
• IEEE Computer society
• IBM Market Development & Insights

27. “The future can not be predicted,
but it
can be made !”