Uploaded byIncopin
31 liquid-liquid extraction
This document discusses liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) models, applications, equilibrium relationships, and equipment. Key points include: LLE can be modeled using phase rules and mass balances accounting for temperature, pressure, and compositions of both phases; equilibrium data is needed to calculate stage-by-stage extraction; common equipment includes mixer-settlers, spray columns, and sieve tray towers; and processes that utilize LLE include separation of aromatics and biopharmaceutical production.
More Related Content
Similar to 31 liquid-liquid extraction
31 liquid-liquid extraction
- 1. LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION MODELS/APPLICATIONS
- 2. EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONSHIPS • PHASERULE FOR LLE C P 2 FOR 3 COMPONENTS / 2 PHASES 3 2 2 3 • VARIABLES INCLUDED – PRESSURE – TEMPERATURE – 4 COMPOSITIONS (2 IN EACH PHASE)
- 3. LLE DIAGRAMS -FORMS • LLE CAN BE PRESENTED IN VARIOUS FORMATS – TRIANGULAR, CARTESIAN, McCABE-THIELE Cehreli, S.; Bilgin, M, .Quaternary Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of Water + Acetic Acid + Propionic Acid + Solvent (Amyl Alcohol, Cyclohexyl Acetate, or Toluene) Systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data; (Article); 2004; 49(5); 1456-1459.
- 4. OTHER LLE PLOTS Kim,J.-K.; Park, D.-W., Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for the Quaternary System Toluene + Water + Propionic Acid + Ethyl Acetate at 25 C and Atmospheric Pressure , J. Chem. Eng. Data; (Article); 2005; 50(2); 625-629
- 5. LLE PLOTS Kim, J.-K.;Park, D.-W., Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for the Quaternary System Toluene + Water + Propionic Acid + Ethyl Acetate at 25 C and Atmospheric Pressure , J. Chem. Eng. Data; (Article); 2005; 50(2); 625-629
- 6. LLE PLOTS • CARTESIANSOLVENT-FREE PLOT PERRY’S Ed. 7, PAGE 15-7
- 7. SINGLE STAGE LLXMODELS • MASS BALANCES INCLUDE OVERALL AND COMPONENT • NEED EQUILIBRIUM DATA TO CALCULATE EQUILIBRIUM CHANGES • STAGE EFFICIENCY LESS THAN 100% RESULTS IN A CHANGE IN RELATIVE LOCATION OF xa VS xa* EMPLOYS LEVER RULE
- 8. SINGLE STAGE LLXMODELS • TYPICAL MODEL FOR PROCESS: Pandit, P.; Basu, S., Dye and Solvent Recovery in Solvent Extraction Using Reverse Micelles for the Removal of Ionic Dyes , Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.; (Article); 2004; 43(24); 7861-7864.
- 9. MULTIPLE STAGE LLXMODELS • MODEL USES OVERALL AND COMPONENT MASS BALANCES • EQUILIBRIUM DATA USED INITIALLY TO DETERMINE MINIMUM SOLVENT (L/V) RATIO (PONCHON-SAVARITT) – LOCATES ya,min ON EXTENDED EQUILIBRIUM TIE LINE PASSING THROUGH xa – USE LEVER RULE TO DETERMINE Vb,min • LOCALIZED EQUILIBRIUM VALUES CAN RESULT IN ACTUAL Vb,min VALUES BEING HIGHER AND THIS WILL BE NOTICED IN ACTUAL DESIGN IF Ncalc = ∞
- 10. MULTIPLE STAGE LLXMODELS • SEQUENTIAL FEED – NORMALLY COUNTERCURRENT Nishihama, S.; Hirai, T.; Komasawa, I., Separation and Recovery of Gallium and Indium from Simulated Zinc Refinery Residue by Liquid- Liquid Extraction , Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.; (Article); 1999; 38(3); 1032- 1039.
- 11. MULTIPLE STAGE LLXMODELS • DESIGN IS BASED ON RATIO OF Vb,act TO Vb,min • USED TO LOCATE ya,act • DESIGN POINT BASED IN INTERSECTION OF xa-ya LINE WITH xb-yb LINE. • STAGES ARE STEPPED OFF BY ALTERNATING BETWEEN INTERSECTIONS ON EQUILIBRIUM ENVELOPE DEFINED BY EQUILIBRIUM TIE LINES AND LINES FROM DESIGN POINT.
- 12. MULTIPLE STAGE LLXMODELS • McCABE THEILE DIAGRAM CAN BE CONSTRUCTED FROM DATA FROM PONCHON-SAVARITT • ALTERNATELY, IF B & S ARE RELATIVELY IMMISCIBLE AND FLOWS ARE SPECIFIED, THEN INERT FLOW MODEL CAN BE USED FOR THE OPERATING LINE. USING COMPONENT BALANCES FOR SOLUTE, A:
- 13. MULTIPLE STAGE LLXMODELS • INERT FLOWS MODEL OVERALL xa yb xb ya L` V` L` V` 1 xa 1 yb 1 xb 1 ya FOR INTERIM STAGE xa yn 1 xn ya L` V` L` V` 1 xa 1 yn 1 1 xn 1 ya • L' = NON-TRANSFERRING B IN RAFFINATE AND V' = NON- TRANSFERRING S IN EXTRACT. • CAN BE PLOTTED WITH EQUILIBRIUM LINE ON McCABE-THIELE FOR CALCULATIONS
- 14. LLX EQUIPMENT • MIXER-SETTLERS A+B S EXTRACT EXTRACT LAYER FAFFINATE RAFFINATE LAYER MIXER SETTLER
- 15. LLX EQUIPMENT • SPRAYTYPE EXTRACTION TOWER Chen, Liang-Huei (Chia-Nan Coll of Pharmacy and Science); Lee, Yuh- Lang, Effects of a surfactant on the mass transfer in spray-tower extraction column, Chemical Engineering Journal, v 73, n 1, 1999, p 77- 81
- 16. SPRAY TYPE EXTRACTIONTOWER • USES A SPARGER FOR LIGHT LIQUID AND DISPERSER FOR HEAVY LIQUID • OVERFLOW IS LIGHT/UNDERFLOW IS HEAVY
- 17. SIEVE TRAY EXTRACTIONTOWER • SIMILAR TO DISTILLATION UNIT J. Antonio Rocha, J. Carlos Cardenas, Cesar Sosa, and Jorge Rosales, Preliminary design of sieve tray extraction columns. 1. Determination of the column diameter. Flooding velocities in sieve tray extractors , Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.; 1989; 28(12) pp 1873 - 1878
- 18. SIEVE TRAY EXTRACTIONTOWER • LIGHT LIQUID INVENTORIED UNDER EACH TRAY • BUBBLES OF LIGHT LIQUID PASS THROUGH COUNTERFLOW OF HEAVY LIQUID • DOWNCOMERS ARE USED TO TRANSFER HEAVY LIQUID DOWN THE COLUMN
- 19. SIEVE TRAY EXTRACTIONTOWER • DOWNCOMER DESIGN J. Antonio Rocha, J. Carlos Cardenas, Cesar Sosa, and Jorge Rosales, Preliminary design of sieve tray extraction columns. 1. Determination of the column diameter. Flooding velocities in sieve tray extractors , Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.; 1989; 28(12) pp 1873 - 1878
- 20. YORK-SHEIBEL COLUMN • YORK-SHEIBELCOLUMNUSES AGITATION TO MIX MATERIAL FOR EACH STAGE WITH SETTLING OCCURING OUTSIDE THE AGITATION ZONE
- 21. PODBEILNIAK CENTRIFUGAL • PROVIDESA SINGLE STAGE HIGH g CONTACTING CONTACTING REGIME LIGHT OUT HEAVY IN LIGHT IN HEAVY OUT
- 22. PROCESSES THAT UTILIZELLX • TYPICALLY ARE THOSE IN WHICH DISTILLATION IS NOT ECONOMICALLY ATTRACTIVE • SULFOLANE PROCESS (UOP) -RECOVERY OF AROMATICS, COMBINES DISTILLATION WITH LLE http://www.uop .com/objects/5 5%20Sulfolane .pdf
- 23. PROCESSES THAT UTILIZELLX • BIOTECH AND BIOPHARM – SEPARATION OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT FATTY ACIDS FROM VEGETABLE OILS Alfred Thomas, Fats and Fatty Oils, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Copyright © 2002 by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA – PENICILLIN
- 24. PENICILLIN PRODUCTION PROCESS Joseph A. Shaeiwitz, Joseph D. Henry, Jr., Biochemical Separations , Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Copyright © 2002 by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
- 25. SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION • SOLVENTIS AT SUPERCRITICAL CONDITIONS • SUPERCRITICAL SOLVENT HAS THERMODYNAMIC AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES THAT ARE SIMILAR TO A LOOSE LIQUID OR A DENSE GAS. – SOLUTE EXTRACTION BASED ON SOLUBILITY IN SUPERCRITICAL PHASE – PRODUCT IS OBTAINED BY LETTING PRESSURE DOWN TO SUBCRITICAL CONDITIONS • PROCESS DESCRIBED IN TEXT DECAFFINATION IS MORE LIKE SUPERCRITICAL LEACHING
- 26. TYPICAL SC PROCESS • Eldridge, R. B., Oil Contaminant Removal from Drill Cuttings by Supercritical Extraction, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.; (Article); 1996; 35(6); 1901- 1905.