Design of Distillation Column

1. Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology
Seminar
On
“Design of Distillation Column”
Date of presentation : 23/04/2019
Name: Gaurvansh Sharma
Roll No.: 1713351003
Course: B.Tech
Branch: Chemical Engineering
Semester: Fourth
Session: 2018-19

2. Distillation
• Distillation is a process which is used to separate mixtures of
liquids by exploiting differences in the boiling points of the
different components of that mixture.
• Examples of uses of distillation include purification of alcohol,
desalination, crude oil refining, making liquefied gases from
air and many more.

3. Fig.1 Process of distillation

4. Classification
Process of distillation can be classified in many ways but the
ones which are used mostly are listed here:
• Simple Distillation
• Steam Distillation
• Vacuum Distillation
• Fractional Distillation

5. Simple Distillation
In Simple distillation, a mixture is heated to change the most
volatile component from a liquid into vapor. The vapor rises
and passes into a condenser. Usually, the condenser is cooled
(e.g., by running cold water around it) to promote
condensation of the vapor, which is collected.

6. Steam Distillation
Steam distillation is used to separate heat-sensitive
components. Steam is added to the mixture, causing some of it
to vaporize. This vapor is cooled and condensed into two
liquid fractions. Sometimes the fractions are collected
separately, or they may have different density values, so they
separate on their own.

7. Vacuum Distillation
Vacuum distillation is used to separate components that have
high boiling points. Lowering the pressure of the apparatus
also lowers boiling points. Vacuum distillation is particularly
useful when the normal boiling point exceeds the
decomposition temperature of a compound.

8. Fractional Distillation
Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of the
components of a mixture are close to each other. In fractional
distillation, a mixture is heated so vapor rises and enters the
fractionating column. As the vapor cools, it condenses on the
packing material of the column. After heating this vapor up to
more extent, more pure component is obtained.

9. Designing of Distillation Column
Factors affecting the performance of distillation column :
• Feed Conditions
• Reflux Conditions
• State of packing
• Weather conditions

10. Components of Distillation Column
• Vertical Shell :
Part of distillation column where the separation of liquid and
vapour takes place.
• Column Internals :
Part of distillation column which provides the efficiency in the
process of separation of liquid and vapour.

11. • Condenser :
The purpose of the condenser is to condense the vapor leaving
the top tray of the column and to convert that vapor to liquid
form again.
• Reflux Drum :
Reflux drum is used to hold the condensed vapor from the top
of the column so that liquid (reflux) can be recycled back to
the column

12. • Reboiler :
They boil the liquid from the bottom of a distillation column to
generate vapors which are returned to the column to drive the
distillation separation.

13. Column Internals
This is basically used to increase the efficiency of the separation
of vapour and liquid from the mixture which is being fed in the
column.
TRAYS:
• Bubble cap trays
• Valve trays
• Sieve trays

14. PACKINGS :
Packings are passive devices that are designed to increase the
interfacial area for vapour-liquid contact.
Fig. 2 Types of Packings

15. Reboilers
• They can be regarded as heat-exchangers that are required to
transfer enough energy to bring the liquid at the bottom of the
column to boiling point. Particles are introduced into the
process stream and these produce a scouring action on the heat
exchange surfaces.
Fig. 3 Reboiler action

16. THANK YOU