Extraction is defined as a process where one or more solute(s) are removed from one liquid phase (technically called a diluent) by transferring that/those the solute(s) to another liquid phase (or a solvent).
THE PRESENTATION ABOUT COUNTER CURRENT EXTRACTION GIVINGBDETAIL ON ITS INTRODUCTION, THEORY, EQUATION, EXAMPLES ARE SIMPLIFIED IN EASY WAY TO THE STUDENTS AND READERS LEARNING A TOPIC AT A PLACE ACCORDING TO PCI SYLLABUS FOLLOWED BY CHEMISTRY STUDENTS OF OTHER BRANCHES.
a brief introduction to countercurrent chromatography with its principle. working and modes of operation along with little bit of history, the types of CCC and its applications
THE PRESENTATION ABOUT COUNTER CURRENT EXTRACTION GIVINGBDETAIL ON ITS INTRODUCTION, THEORY, EQUATION, EXAMPLES ARE SIMPLIFIED IN EASY WAY TO THE STUDENTS AND READERS LEARNING A TOPIC AT A PLACE ACCORDING TO PCI SYLLABUS FOLLOWED BY CHEMISTRY STUDENTS OF OTHER BRANCHES.
a brief introduction to countercurrent chromatography with its principle. working and modes of operation along with little bit of history, the types of CCC and its applications
Slides presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy, Lexington Kentucky (2018). Compile basic information of the principles of countercurrent separation, choice of solvent systems, and determination of partition coefficient.
Prepared by Drs. Charlotte Simmler, Brent Friesen, Guido Pauli from the Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT)
Super Critical Fluid Separation ProcessAbhimanyu Pal
Hello Guys here is a presentation for you named super critical fluid separation process. It may be useful for third year undergraduate of chemical engg. stream. so have a look ,i hope it may be helpful for your project
Equilibrium data and related information gathered from a liquid-liquid extraction laboratory “shake test” can provide information for process feasibility and column-type selection in the scaleup of liquid-liquid extraction processes
Most chemical engineers have had the experience of dealing with problematic separations, and most have a general understanding of distillation processes. When it comes to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) processes (Figure 1), however, the details of how these processes work are often less clear. Most academic chemical engineering degree programs do not heavily emphasize liquid-liquid extraction, and most chemical engineering graduates did not receive more than a few days of instruction on generating equilibrium data for LLE in their degree programs.
Slides presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy, Lexington Kentucky (2018). Compile basic information of the principles of countercurrent separation, choice of solvent systems, and determination of partition coefficient.
Prepared by Drs. Charlotte Simmler, Brent Friesen, Guido Pauli from the Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT)
Super Critical Fluid Separation ProcessAbhimanyu Pal
Hello Guys here is a presentation for you named super critical fluid separation process. It may be useful for third year undergraduate of chemical engg. stream. so have a look ,i hope it may be helpful for your project
Equilibrium data and related information gathered from a liquid-liquid extraction laboratory “shake test” can provide information for process feasibility and column-type selection in the scaleup of liquid-liquid extraction processes
Most chemical engineers have had the experience of dealing with problematic separations, and most have a general understanding of distillation processes. When it comes to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) processes (Figure 1), however, the details of how these processes work are often less clear. Most academic chemical engineering degree programs do not heavily emphasize liquid-liquid extraction, and most chemical engineering graduates did not receive more than a few days of instruction on generating equilibrium data for LLE in their degree programs.
Advance separation technology , chemical Engineering Short-Path-Distillation....savan51
## Short Path Distillation: A Deep Dive (Around 1500 Words)
Short path distillation (SPD) is a highly versatile technique for purifying and separating heat-sensitive compounds. Unlike traditional distillation methods, SPD operates under reduced pressure, significantly lowering the boiling points of liquids. This allows for the gentle and efficient purification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pharmaceuticals, natural products, and other delicate materials that might decompose at high temperatures.
This in-depth exploration delves into the world of short path distillation, covering its principles, components, operational procedures, applications, and advantages.
### Unveiling the Principles: The Science Behind Short Path Distillation
The core principle of SPD lies in **manipulating pressure** to achieve lower boiling points. By reducing the pressure within the distillation chamber, the energy required for a liquid to transition into a vapor state decreases. This allows for the distillation of heat-sensitive compounds at much lower temperatures compared to traditional methods at atmospheric pressure.
Here's a breakdown of the key factors at play:
* **Vapor Pressure:** Every liquid has a specific vapor pressure, which is the pressure exerted by its vapor when in equilibrium with the liquid at a given temperature. As temperature increases, the vapor pressure also rises.
* **Reduced Pressure:** In SPD, a vacuum pump is employed to significantly lower the pressure inside the distillation chamber. This reduction in pressure directly impacts the vapor pressure of the liquid mixture.
* **Lower Boiling Points:** With a lower vapor pressure required for boiling under reduced pressure, the boiling point of the liquid mixture also decreases. This allows for the gentle distillation of components without subjecting them to high temperatures that could potentially lead to decomposition.
The efficiency of SPD hinges on two additional factors:
* **Fractional Distillation:** Short path distillation often incorporates a **fractionating column** packed with a specialized material like glass beads or ceramic rings. This column provides additional surface area for vapor-liquid contact, enhancing the separation of different components within the mixture based on their relative boiling points.
* **Condensation:** The vaporized components travel upwards in the distillation flask and encounter a condenser cooled by a circulating coolant, typically water or a chilled liquid. As the vapors come into contact with the cold condenser, they condense back into their liquid forms and collect in a receiving flask.
### The Anatomy of an SPD System: Essential Components
A short path distillation system comprises several key components working in concert to achieve efficient purification:
* **Distillation Flask:** This round-bottomed flask, typically made of borosilicate glass due to its heat resistance and chemical compatibility, holds the liquid mixture to be dis
UNIT OPERATIONS (unit 2) pharmaceutical process chemistrySaketChoudhary13
its a presentation on the 2nd unit of pharmaceutical process chemistry which include extraction ,filtration and steam distillation and azeotropic distillation
Pre and primary treatment of waste water – Equalization – Neutralization – Sedimentation – Oil separation-sour water strippers – Floatation – Coagulation, precipitation and metals removal– coagulation – Heavy metals removal – Aeration and mass transfer; mechanism of oxygen transfer – Aeration equipment – Air stripping of volatile organic compounds.
Product purification and recovery remains a priority for chemical engineers, today. Designing separations processes to accomplish the above is a challenge, especially as streams get more complex in composition. Though often overlooked, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a powerful separation technique for both organic and aqueous liquids. Whereas distillation technology relies on relative volatility differences among chemicals, LLE exploits the differences in relative solubilities of compounds in two immiscible liquids, to perform the key separation. Distillation may not be feasible when boiling points are nearly identical or for other reasons, economic and technical. When distillation is not a viable solution, LLE is a great alternative to achieve product purification and recovery.
Flow Control Using Variable Frequency Drive In Water Treatment Process of Dei...IJTET Journal
Abstract— Water scarcity is a major problem in the current scenario, so consumption of water should be reduced in industries.
The pulp and paper(P&P) industry is one of the heaviest users of water. Water is used in nearly every step of the manufacturing
process. To control the consumption of large amounts of fresh water in industries, water treatment process is important. This
project is done at Tamilnadu Newsprint and Papers Limited, Karur under the area of deinked pulp plant and the process of water
treatment. In water treatment process chemical dosage flow added should be correct according to the inlet flow. In our project
Variable Frequency Drive is used instead of control valve. According to the inlet flow induction motor speed is controlled by
using VFD, then chemical dosage flow, is controlled. The method of speed control used here is vector control. In this process by
using VFD, leakage of chemicals is minimised and the precise control of chemical dosage flow is improved.
Methods Of Extractions of crude drugs.pdfArunShah49
This document is made to help different personals to enhance their knowledge about crude drug processing and their proper usage for better therapeutic yeild. In this document one can find the detailed study of some of the popular and effective methods of extraction for crude drugs like as Soxhlet extraction, Countercurrent Extraction and Ultrasonication Assisted extraction methods. Hope this would be helpful for the students and other personals willing to learn about extraction methods related to crude drugs.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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1. Prepared by Guided by
Ms. Juhi Bandre Ms. Neha Raut
M.Pharm 2nd Sem. (2019-2020)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department.
Smt.Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee.
26. Theory
A method of multiple liquid-liquid extractions is
counter current extraction, which permits the separation
of substances with different distribution coefficients
(ratios).
A clever design known as Craig apparatus is used for
this purpose (Lyman C. Craig, 1943).
• It consists of 300-400 such chambers.
• The organic solvent and the aqueous solution is
introduced to tube and then it passes to B.
Procedures
26