This document discusses key kinematic concepts including displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, average velocity, instantaneous velocity, and uniformly accelerated motion. It defines these terms and discusses how to calculate them using equations of motion. Graphical representations of motion like distance-time graphs and velocity-time graphs are also covered. The effects of air resistance and gravity are summarized.
Describes displacement, velocity, acceleration as vectors and distance and speed as scalars, Show all needed equations and their use.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Describes displacement, velocity, acceleration as vectors and distance and speed as scalars, Show all needed equations and their use.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
This PPT covers relative motion between particles in a very systematic and lucid manner. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructor's as well as students.
This PPT covers relative motion between particles in a very systematic and lucid manner. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructor's as well as students.
this project is basically based "motion", the way it's directly or indirectly linked to us. Viewing this power point presentation will enable you to study as a whole in descriptive way.In physics, motion is a change in position of an object with respect to time. Motion is typically described in terms of displacement, distance (scalar), velocity, acceleration, time and speed.Motion of a body is observed by attaching a frame of reference to an observer and measuring the change in position of the body relative to that frame n If the position of a body is not changing with the time with respect to a given frame of reference the body is said to be at rest, motionless, immobile, stationary, or to have constant (time-invariant) position. An object's motion cannot change unless it is acted upon by a force, as described by Newton's first law. Momentum is a quantity which is used for measuring motion of an object. An object's momentum is directly related to the object's mass and velocity, and the total momentum of all objects in an isolated system (one not affected by external forces) does not change with time, as described by the law of conservation of momentum.
Hope you will like it and feedbacks are welcomed.
Motion in 1D or a straight line for students studying in class-11. This is written in accordance with the syllabus prescribed by CBSE/ISC and various state boards.
it is an advance level presentation, of o level.includes topics such as velocity,acceleration,and detail briefings , hope so students may gain benefit.
Ekeeda Provides Online Civil Engineering Degree Subjects Courses, Video Lectures for All Engineering Universities. Video Tutorials Covers Subjects of Mechanical Engineering Degree.
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2. Kinematic Concepts
Displacement
Is a measured distance in a given direction
It tells us not only the distance of the object
from a particular reference point but also the
direction from that reference point
It is a vector quantity
In many situations it is measured from the
origin of a Cartesian co-ordinate system
3. Kinematic Concepts
Speed
Is the rate of change of distance
Or the distance covered per unit time
Speed is the total distance (d) covered
in total time (t)
Speed (s) = total distance (d)
total time (t)
4. Kinematic Concepts
Velocity
Is the rate of change of displacement
Is a measured speed in a given
direction
It tells us not only the speed of the
object but also the direction
It is a vector quantity
5. Average Velocity
Defined as the total displacement (s) of
the object in the total time (t)
Velocity (vav) = total displacement (s)
total time (t)
vav = ∆s
∆t
Where ∆ indicates a small change in the
value
6. Instantaneous Velocity
Is the velocity at any one instant
v = ∆s
∆t
Where ∆t is tending towards zero
7. Kinematic Concepts
Acceleration
Is the rate of change of velocity in a given
direction
a = ∆v / ∆t (where ∆v = v – u)
It is a vector quantity
If the acceleration of an object is positive
then we understand its rate of change of
velocity to be positive and it could mean that
its speed is increasing
Do not think of acceleration as a ´slowing up´or a
´getting faster´.
8. Graphical Representation of
Motion
These come in 4 forms
1. Distance-time graphs
2. Displacement-time graphs
3. Velocity-time graphs
4. Acceleration-time graphs
9. Gradiants of Graphs
Gradient of a Displacement-time graph
is the velocity (instantaneous or
average?)
Gradient of a Velocity-time graph is the
acceleration (instantaneous or
average?)
10. Areas Under Graphs
Area under a Velocity-time graph is the
displacement
Area under a Acceleration-time graph is
the velocity
Areas can be calculated by the addition
of geometric shapes
11. Uniformly Accelerated Motion
Velocity and hence Acceleration can be
measured using
Light gates
Strobe photographs ( Duncan Page 142/3)
Ticker tape timers
12. The Equations of Uniformly
Accelerated Motion
There are 4 equations which we use
when dealing with constant acceleration
problems
I call them the “suvat” equations
You need to be able to derive them
13. The 4 Equations
Supposing the velocity of a body increases
from u to v in time t, then the uniform
acceleration, a is given by
a = change of velocity
time taken
a=v–u
t
∴ v = u + at - equation (1)
14. Since the velocity is increasing steadily, the
average velocity is the mean of the initial and
final velocities, i.e.
Average velocity = u + v
2
If s is the displacement of the body in time t,
then since average velocity =
displacement/time = s/t
We can say s = u + v
t 2
∴ s = ½ (u + v) t - equation (2)
15. But v = u + at
∴ s = ½ (u + u + at) t
∴ s = ut + ½at2 - equation (3)
16. If we eliminate t from (3) by
substituting in t = (v – u)/a from (1),
we get on simplifying
v2 = u2 +2as - equation (4)
Knowing any three of s, u, v, a, t, and
the others can be found
17. Acceleration Due to Gravity
Experiments show that at a particular place
all bodies falling freely under gravity, in a
vacuum or where air resistance is negligible,
have the same constant acceleration
irrespective of their masses.
This acceleration towards the surface of the
Earth, known as the acceleration due to
gravity, is donated by g.
18. Its magnitude varies slightly from place
to place on the Earth´s surface and is
approximately 9.8ms-2
19. The Effects of Air Resistance
Air resistance depends on 2 things
Surface area
Velocity
Air resistance increases as surface area
increases
Air resistance increases as the velocity
increases
20. Terminal Velocity
As an object falls through the air, it
accelerates, due to the force of attraction of
the Earth. This force does not change.
As the velocity increases, the air resistance,
the force opposing the motion, increases,
therefore the acceleration decreases.
21. If the object falls for long enough, then the
air resistance (a force acting upwards) will
equal the force of attraction of the Earth (the
weight) (a force acting downwards)
Now there are no net forces acting on the
object (since the two forces balance) so it no
longer accelerates, but travels at a constant
velocity called its terminal velocity.
22. Terminal velocity depends on
The size
Shape
And weight of the object
A sky diver has a terminal velocity of more
than 50ms-1 (100 miles per hour)
23. Relative Motion
If you are stationary and watching
things come towards you or away from
you, then your stating velocities is easy.
If, however you are in motion, either
moving towards or away from an object
in motion, then your frame of reference
is different
24. In this case the relative velocity is the
velocity of the object relative to your
motion.
Examples include
cars overtaking
Trains going passed platforms