The document discusses features of blood in children, including plasma, blood cells, and hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell production, which occurs in the mesoblast, liver, spleen, and bone marrow during fetal development and shifts to primarily the bone marrow after birth. The document provides details on red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and blood volume in children at different ages. It also discusses anemia and the classification of anemia severity based on hemoglobin and red blood cell counts.
Some Basics of Veterinary Haematology examination. Includes most significant parameters for clinical diagnostics of veterinary cases.
Composed and Presented by Tean Zaheer.
Our body is made up of millions of cells, which group together to form different organs. Some cells function in their individual form and move throughout the body via blood. Complete Blood Count (CBC) is all about these cells present in the blood, which can help determine health problems.
This lecture includes definitions and roles of every lab test included in a complete blood count (CBC) panel along with how to interpret high or low values of each. Provided by www.DiscountedLabs.com , a site that provides affordable blood tests to consumers in the United States without the need of a doctor's visit. https://www.discountedlabs.com/popular-tests
This presentation covers on complete blood cells count and it's differentials. Starting with RBC count, WBC count and Platelets interpretation as a whole.
Alcune riflessioni sul perché è diventato così importante avere una strategia di video marketing nel 2016. Cosa è successo in questi anni nei principali social network: Facebook, Instagram e Twitter. Come raccontarsi in un video. Come fare le riprese e archiviare i file del girato. Quale musica usare e dove trovarla. Quali strumenti e app ho a disposizione per il video editing.
Some Basics of Veterinary Haematology examination. Includes most significant parameters for clinical diagnostics of veterinary cases.
Composed and Presented by Tean Zaheer.
Our body is made up of millions of cells, which group together to form different organs. Some cells function in their individual form and move throughout the body via blood. Complete Blood Count (CBC) is all about these cells present in the blood, which can help determine health problems.
This lecture includes definitions and roles of every lab test included in a complete blood count (CBC) panel along with how to interpret high or low values of each. Provided by www.DiscountedLabs.com , a site that provides affordable blood tests to consumers in the United States without the need of a doctor's visit. https://www.discountedlabs.com/popular-tests
This presentation covers on complete blood cells count and it's differentials. Starting with RBC count, WBC count and Platelets interpretation as a whole.
Alcune riflessioni sul perché è diventato così importante avere una strategia di video marketing nel 2016. Cosa è successo in questi anni nei principali social network: Facebook, Instagram e Twitter. Come raccontarsi in un video. Come fare le riprese e archiviare i file del girato. Quale musica usare e dove trovarla. Quali strumenti e app ho a disposizione per il video editing.
From Bean Counting to Adding Value: Using Statistics to Transform ServicesUCD Library
Presentation given by Diarmuid Stokes, College Liaison Librarian at University College Dublin Library, Dublin, Ireland, at the Great Expectations Conference, Birmingham City University, UK, December 5, 2014.
The Mobile Open Service Model -MOSM- is a streamlined composite scheme aimed at describing the different components of the Mobile Services Value Chain. To achieve this grand objective, the OSM assign each of these components to Layers. The layered structure count for devising a Macro Model which, abstracts the complex reality surrounding any Mobile Initiative and allow the audience to sift thru all the processes, virtual, physical components and concepts.
This PPT give brief information about introduction to Pathology and also about types, function, clinical and morphological features of blood specifically about RBC, WBC and Platelet
Physiology of blood is also included
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Blood is considered a connective tissue because it has a matrix. ... Blood Tissue: Blood is a connective tissue that has a fluid matrix, called plasma, and no fibers. Erythrocytes (red blood cells), the predominant cell type, are involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Blood diseases cover a wide spectrum of illnesses, ranging from the anaemias, leukaemias and congenital coagulation disorders.
Haematological change may occur as a consequence of disease affecting any system and measurement of haematological parameters is an important part of routine clinical assessment.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
11. The production of blood cells is known as hematopoiesis. In the fetus mesoblast, liver, spleen , bone marrow. By the time of birth and throughout life bone marrow.
12. The bone marrow contains pluripotent stem cells (CD34 cells) that develop into all the various types of blood cells.
14. These messengers are released when the level of oxygen reaching the tissues is too low : Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells. when invading microorganisms : granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulate the production of different types of white blood cells. Stem cells and later precursor cells are stimulated by various chemical messengers
18. Red blood cells perform the most important blood duty. The primary function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin (Hb) is an important protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of our body. When they get to an area where the oxygen is needed, they give it up and pick up carbon dioxide which they carry back to the lungs.
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20. Men 4.3-5.4 average 5 x 10 12 women 3.8-4.8 4.2 x 10 12 newborn 5.0-7.0 infancy 4.0-4.3 child 4.0-4.5
21. At birth RBC is 5.0-7.0 x10 12 /l Hb is 150-220g/l
22. red cell and hemoglobin reaches its minimum at 2-3months of age, during this period, the red cell count and hemoglobin values drop to their lowest values of 3x10 12 /l and 110g/l , respectively. These are termed “ physiologic anemia ”. physiologic anemia
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25. In full term infant the first three days : reticulocyte count is about 5% of total red cells. the end of the first week : It drops rapidly below 2% (0.5-1.5%) at 4-6weeks : the value is increased to 2-8% 5 months of age to adulthood : the value remains 0.5-2%. reticulocyte
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27. Nucleated red cells can be seen at birth In full term infant is about 3-10% Premature is about 10-20% It is unusual to observe any nucleated red cell after the first week, especially in the normal term infant. Nucleated red cells
29. They can be classified as embryonic : Gower-I, Gower-II, Portland fetal : HbF adult HbA and HbA 2 hemoglobina
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32. At birth HbF averages about 70% HbA accounts for 30% HbA 2 is less than 1% of the total hemoglobina
33. 6 months of age : HbF has decreased to less than 20% 1 year old : less than 5% 2 yrs of age to adulthood : HbF is only about 0-2% HbA are becoming 95% HbA 2 2-3% of the total Hb. hemoglobina
38. The primary function of white blood cells is to fight infection There are several types of white blood cells, and each has its own role in fighting bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. White blood cell
39. · help heal wounds not only by fighting infection but also by ingesting matter such as dead cells, tissue debris, and old red blood cells. are our protection from foreign bodies that enter the bloodstream, such as allergens. are involved in the protection against mutated cells, such as cancer. White blood cell
40. Leukocytes include granulocytes , monocytes , and lymphocytes. eosinophil granulocytes basophil neutrophil White blood cell
41. This granulocyte has very tiny light staining granules (the granules are very difficult to see). The nucleus is frequently multi-lobed with lobes connected by thin strands of nuclear material. These cells are capable of phagocytizing foreign cells, toxins, and viruses. Neutrophil 50 ~ 70 %
42. eosinophil 2-3% This granulocyte has large granules (A) which are acidophilic and appear pink (or red) in a stained preparation. The nucleus often has two lobes connected by a band of nuclear material. The granules contain digestive enzymes that are particularly effective against parasitic worms in their larval form. These cells also phagocytize antigen - antibody complexes.
43. Basophil <1% The granules in this cell are large, stain deep blue to purple, and are often so numerous they mask the nucleus. These granules contain histamines (cause vasodilation) and heparin (anticoagulant). they represent less than 1% of all leukocytes. If the count showed an abnormally high number of these cells, hemolytic anemia or chicken pox may be the cause.
44. lymphocyte 25-35% The lymphocyte is an agranular cell with very clear cytoplasm which stains pale blue. Its nucleus is very large for the size of the cell and stains dark purple. These cells play an important role in our immune response. The T-lymphocytes act against virus infected cells and tumor cells. The B-lymphocytes produce antibodies.
45. Monocyte 3-9% This cell is the largest of the leukocytes and is agranular. These cells leave the blood stream (diapedesis) to become macrophages. As a monocyte or macrophage, these cells are phagocytic and defend the body against viruses and bacteria. These cells account for 3-9% of all leukocytes. In people with malaria, endocarditis, typhoid fever, monocytes increase in number.
47. Granulocytes and monocyte functions include phagocytosis and destruction of foreign particles. Lymphocytes participate in the immune response. White blood cell
48. At birth, white cell counts is about 15-20x10 9 /l 6-12 hours after birth it reaches the highest value (21-28x10 9 /l), followed by a rapid fall until 10 days of age., there is a slow steady fall in white cell count throughout childhood. At 8 years of age, it will approach the adult values (6-8x10 9 /l). White blood cell
51. neutrophils at birth, neutrophils account for about half of the white cells. 2-24 hours, a transient rise to 65% occurs. Immature neutrophils are common in the peripheral blood of the newborn.
52. Lymphocytes account for about 35% of white cell in newborn the proportion of lymphocytes increases as rapidly within the first month . Lymphocytes During infancy, lymphocytes are often large and may contain nucleoli. Their immature appearance and increased number, particularly during mild, nonbacterial infectious may give the false impression of malignancy .
53. Neutrophils and lymphocytes are equal at 4-6 days Neutrophils decrease to a mean of 35% and lymphocytes remain near an average of 60% in infancy. Neutrophils and lymphocytes are equal again at 4-6 years then neutrophils increase lymphocytes decrease they approach the adult values White blood cell
55. The absolute count /mm 3 = the total white cells x that cell type % Absolute values for neutrophils and lymphocytes have more clinical meaning than relative values. A neutrophil count below 1.0x10 9 /l is associated with increased risk of infections White blood cell
56. Metamyelocytes and myelocytes may be as high as 2.0±0.75 x10 9 /l respectively during the first three days In the premature baby an occasional myelocyte may be found up to 2 weeks after birth. Metamyelocytes and myelocytes
57. promyelocyte and blast cells are seen in healthy neonate. they are often found in the severely infectious baby, even the total value of white cell count is no higher than in the normal infant. White blood cell
58. Monocyte have not change in different stage. It count is about 5% of total WBC Monocyte
60. Mature platelets are small cells approximately 1-4μm in diameter. Platelets survive 7-10 days once released from the marrow. At birth, The platelet count is 150 x10 9 /l The platelet count in childhood is 150-350x10 9 /l, which is similar to that in adulthood. Platelet system
70. WHO suggested that anemia occurs: Hb The newborn <145g/l 6m-6yr < 110g/l >6yr <120g/l Anemia is defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) and red cell level below the normal range for a child of that age.
71. Hb red cell Mild 90-120g/l (>6yr) 3-4 x 10 12 /l 90-110g/l (<6yr) Moderate 60-90g/l 2-3 x 10 12 /l Severe 30-60g/l 1-2 x 10 12 /l Very severe <30g/l <1 x 10 12 /l According to Hb and red cell count , anemia is divided 4 degrees
77. Blood routine Hypochromic microcytic Macrocytic Normocytic ( Hb↓ > RBC↓ ) ( Hb↓ < RBC↓) ( Hb↓ =RBC↓ ) IDA megaloblastic acute bleeding Thalassemia Vit B 12 ↓↓ hemolytic anemia sideroblastic anemia folic acid ↓ aplastic anemia Chronic infection most of secondary anemia
78. at birth hemorrhage twin to twin fetomaternal transfusion following placental abruption hemolysis from rhesus isoimmunisation Anemia
79.
80. The most common sign of anemia mild paleness of the skin General signs in children poor feeding dyspnea irritability inactivity faintness change in behavior poor school performance jaundice Anemia
81. The symptoms of anemia depend on the degree of reduction in the oxygen- carrying capacity of the blood the change in blood volume the rate at which these changes occur the ability of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems to compensate. Anemia
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84.
85. In many cases, doctors don't discover anemia until they run blood tests as part of a routine physical examination. A complete blood count (CBC) may indicate that there are fewer red blood cells than normal. laboratory examination diagnose
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89. QUESTIONS T he time of neutrophils and lyphocytes are equal H ow do hemoglobin change? P hysiologic anemia A nemia’s 4 degrees