Neolithic and Mesolithic cultures in North America, the In nut, Anastasi, Mississippi, and Iroquois

1. By Mr. Jack

2. 347-350 The Americas
at Edmoudo
 HW 1,2,4 page350

3. We will be going way back
in time, so we have to rely
on archeology rather than
history.

4. History the study of written artifacts
Archeology the study of artifacts.

5. The Americas 38,000 BCE-1500 CE
• The early inhabitants of the Americas
traveled from Asia across a land
bridge produced by the Ice Age.
Geography influenced the
development of several cultures in
North America.

6. .
.
Back to Paleolithic times

7. We will look at four of the many
North American cultures and
how geography and climate
effect them.
1. The Inuit
2. The Mound Builders
3. The Iroquois
4.The Anasazi

8. tundra

9. Tun·dra ˈtəndrə/Noun
a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and
North America in which the subsoil is permanently
frozen.

11. 38,000 BCE Human Migrations

12. Between 100,000 and 8,000 years ago, the last Ice
Age had low sea levels that made a land bridge in the Bering
Strait between Asia and North America

15. Most likely, they were hunters chasing the herds of
bison and caribou that looked for grazing land in
North America.

16. About 3000 B.C. E, a group of Mesolithic people
called the Inuit moved into North America
from Asia.

17. Mesolithic Age : the stone age period when Humans made more tools and
homes out of wood, and domesticated the wolves.

18. They made a variety of tools, harpoons and spears from
antler or narwhal tusks.

19. The Inuit became skilled at hunting seal, caribou, and fish,
providing them with both food and clothing.

20. In winter, the Inuit built homes of stones and turf.

21. They built igloos as temporary shelter used while
traveling.

22. They not only domesticated wolves for hunting ,
but also transportation.

23. The Inuit tribes still inhabit parts of Alaska, Canada, and
Greenland today.

24. Share with your shoulder partner ways in
which the Inuit‘s
environment shaped their culture.

26. The Mound Builders

27. The Mound Builders
Around 1000 B.C., a Woodland period semi Neolithic culture flourished on
both sides of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of
Mexico.

28. People here grew some crops but also continued
to gather food.

29. The Hopewell peoples, (Mound Builders) built earth mounds used as tombs or for
ceremonies.

33. Some were built in the shape of animal

34. Around 700, they began full time Neolithic farming, making
a prosperous culture called the Mississippi.

35. Mississippian culture
They grew corn, squash, and beans, together to give plants nutrients,
support, and shade.

39. Between A.D. 850 and A.D. 1150, Cahokia was the seat of government
for the Mississippian culture.

41. The center of the city has a burial mound over 98 feet
high with a base larger than Kufu’s Great
Pyramid in Egypt.

42. In the thirteenth century, for reasons
unknown, Cahokia collapsed.

43. The Iroquois tribes
Temperate Deciduous Forest

44. Temperate deciduous forests are dominated by trees that lose their leaves
each year. They have warm, moist summers and snowy winters.

45. The Iroquois lived in villages made up of
of longhouses surrounded by a wooden fence.

46. They built longhouses on wooden poles.
Each from 150 to 200 feet long, housing
about a dozen families.

47. Iroquois men hunted . As warriors, they
protected the community.

48. Women owned the dwellings and did the
farming.

49. The most important crops the “three sisters”—corn,
beans, and squash.

50. Was their society matriarchal or a patriarchal?

51. Their creation myth reflects the dominance of
women and importance of animals.

52. Each Iroquois group was made up of
clans.

53. Clan noun plural noun: clans
a group of close-knit and interrelated families

54. The women of each clan elected a well-
respected woman as the clan mother.

55. The clan mothers, chose the male
members of the Grand Council.

56. The Grand Council had 50 representatives.

57. The Grand Council met regularly to settle differences among
league members.

58. In the 1500’s Deganawida and Hiawatha advocated the Great Peace,
creating a strong alliance for peace called the Iroquois League.

59. In all of your acts, self-interest shall be cast
away. Look and listen for the welfare of the whole
people, and have always in view . . . the unborn of
the future Nation.”

60. In 1754, Benjamin Franklin used the Iroquois
League as a model for a Plan of Union for the
British colonies.

61. American Revolution
During the American Revolution , the Iroquois divided the League with a
few tribes joining the Americans, most sided with the British.

62. Those that sided with the British fled to Canada, and those with the
USA moved West after the war.

63. Neolithic Peoples of the Southwest: The Anasazi

64. From 500-1200, the Anasazi peoples made a large
Neolithic farming society in Arizona, New Mexico. .

65. The Anasazi used canals and earthen dams to
turn parts of the desert into fertile gardens

66. They used stone and adobe (sun-dried brick)
to build pueblos

67. Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico,
they built an elaborate center for their civilization

68. Chaco Canyon (Pueblo Bonito) has eight
hundred rooms housing more than a thousand
people.

69. Geometric Pottery

77. 50-year s of drought led the
Anasazi to abandon it.

78. The Anasazi moved to southern Colorado, at
Mesa Verde (today a United States national
park).

79. However, a prolonged drought in the late thirteenth
century led to the abandonment of Mesa Verde.

80. Daily life as an Anasazi .

82. Back to Paleolithic times