The document provides information about Reconstruction following the U.S. Civil War, including key events and policies. It discusses the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments and their effects. Lincoln's 10% Plan for Reconstruction is compared to the more radical Wade-Davis Bill. Andrew Johnson's more lenient reconstruction plans are outlined and his conflict with Radical Republicans discussed. The rise of groups like the Ku Klux Klan and policies like the Black Codes and Jim Crow laws are summarized.

1. Bell Ringer- Copy the question and correct answer
on the top of your notes handout

2. Reconstruction (1865-
1877)
EQ: What are the lasting consequences of Reconstruction?

3. Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment
• Abolished slavery and
involuntary servitude
except for in punishment
of a crime
• Many slaves were already
set free by the
Emancipation
Proclamation
• This amendment
OFFICIALLY makes
slavery unconstitutional

4. Reconstruction Amendments
14th Amendment
• Anyone born in the United
States was considered a
citizen of the U.S.
• This protected the
citizenship from being taken
away by future laws
• The state could NOT take a
person’s life, liberty, or
property “without due
process of law”
• Every person was entitled to
“equal protection of the
laws”

5. Reconstruction Amendments
15th Amendment
• State and federal
governments cannot deny
any male the right to vote
based on “race, color, or
previous condition of
servitude”
• In other words, this
amendment gives all
African-American men
the right to vote

6. Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan vs Wade-Davis Bill
(Radical Republicans)
• Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan
• Southern voters in each
state had to take an oath of
loyalty to the Union
• When 10% of voters had
taken the oath, the state
could form a new state
government
• New state governments had
to write a new constitution
that outlawed slavery
• Lincoln offered amnesty to
all Southerners except
Confederate leaders
• Radical Republicans
(Wade-Davis Bill)
• Radicals believed Lincoln
was being too easy on the
South
• A majority of state’s white
male adults had to pledge
loyalty to the Union
• Only the white males who
swore they had not fought
against the Union could vote
for delegates to a state
constitutional convention
• All new state constitutions
had to ban slavery
• Former Confederates could
not hold office

7. Andrew Johnson
• Becomes president after
Abraham Lincoln was
assassinated
• Southerner (TN) who
supported the Union
during the war

8. Johnson’s Plan for
Reconstruction
• Give amnesty to most Southerners who swore loyalty
to the Union
• High-ranking Confederate officers could receive
pardons by appealing to the president (meant to
humiliate the leaders)
• Southern states had to outlaw slavery before they
could re-enter the Union but he believed African-
Americans should not have equal rights (“White men
alone must manage the South”)
• All states would have to ratify the 13th Amendment

9. Johnson vs. The Radical
Republicans
• Radical Republicans believed
Johnson was being too easy on
the South
• Pushed the Civil Rights Act of
1866 to combat the black codes
(gave the federal government the
power to protect African
Americans from unfair state
governments)
• Johnson vetoed both bills, but
Radical Republicans were able to
override the vetoes
• Radical Republicans began
building their own plan for
Reconstruction

10. Black Codes
• Southern states were passing
laws designed to control newly
freed African Americans
• African Americans could not
own or rent farms
• African Americans could be
fined for not having a job
• African Americans were forced
to use separate facilities, etc.
(segregation)
• Life under the black codes was
only slightly better than slavery

11. Freedman’s Bureau
• Founded by Lincoln and
others
• Helped freed slaves adjust
to life after slavery
• Provided food, clothing,
medicine, etc.
• Set up schools
• Fought for fair pay
• Set up special courts to try
those who violated African
American rights

12. Johnson vs. The Radical
Republicans
• In the election of 1866,
Johnson campaigned
against the 14th
Amendment
• Radical Republicans won
an overwhelming majority
in Congress
• Radical Republicans
passed the Reconstruction
Acts

13. Johnson’s Impeachment
• Because Johnson strongly opposes the Reconstruction Acts, Congress
passes laws to limit his power
• The Tenure of Office Act stated that the president could not remove
government officials, even those in his own cabinet
• Johnson deliberately violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of
War Edwin Stanton
• The House of Representatives voted to impeach the president
• Johnson’s defenders argued that Congress was impeaching for political
reasons
• Some moderate Republicans supported Johnson in the trial and the Senate
failed to get the 2/3 majority needed to remove the president

14. The Ku Klux Klan
• Many whites were fearing an
African American revolt
• The KKK was a vigilante group
formed to “keep order” (in
reality, it was cruel violence and
intimidation)
• The KKK was formed in
Pulaski, TN by six former
Confederate soldiers
• After African-American
freedmen received the right to
vote, the KKK turned into a
terrorist organization that
spread into other parts of the
South

15. Carpetbaggers and
Scalawags
• Southern whites who
supported the Republican
party were called
“scalawags” (“scoundrel” or
“worthless rascal”)
• Carpetbaggers- Northern
whites who moved to the
South after the war
• White southerners were
suspicious
• Some were dishonest people
looking to take advantage of
the South
• Most were honest people

16. Jim Crow Laws
• A continuation of the black
codes, but not as severe
• Voting Restrictions
• Poll Taxes- Many African
Americans couldn’t afford to pay
• Literacy Tests- Voters had to
read and explain difficult parts of
the state constitution
• Grandfather Clauses- Allowed
poor uneducated whites to be
excluded from poll taxes and
literacy tests if their fathers or
grandfathers had voted before
Reconstruction

17. Jim Crow Laws
• Segregation- separation of
races
• Plessy vs Ferguson
(1896)- Supreme Court
case that segregation was
legal as long as the
separate facilities were
equal to those designated
for whites (“separate but
equal”)

18. Election of 1876
• Republicans were wanting to keep control of the White House and chose
Ruthorford B. Hayes as their nominee
• Hayes was a moderate who appealed to voters in both the North and the
South
• Democrats nominated Samuel Tilden
• Neither received a majority of electoral votes because of confusing election
returns
• Republicans claimed that votes in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana
had not been counted
• Congress named a commission to decide who should get the disputed
votes. All votes went to Hayes
• Hayes won by one electoral vote

19. Election of 1876

20. Exodusters
• Former slaves began leaving the South
• Migrated to agricultural communities in
Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, and Illinois
• They get their name from the biblical
book of Exodus where the Israelites
escaped slavery in Egypt
• During the 1870’s, more than 20,000
African Americans migrated to Kansas
• Benjamin “Pap” Singleton from
Tennessee led thousands of Exodusters
to Kansas
• Part of Topeka, KS was known as
“Tennessee Town” because so many
former slaves migrated from TN

21. Buffalo Soldiers
• Other African Americans
served in integrated army units
and fought in western Indian
Wars
• They were called “buffalo
soldiers” by the Apache and
Cheyenne tribes
• These soldiers also served in
Cuba, the Philippines, Hawaii,
and Mexico
• George Jordan, from TN,
received the Congressional
Medal of Honor for his service

22. Urban Migration
• By 1890, most Southern
African Americans were moving
North
• They were looking for factory
jobs
• Settled in major cities like
Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland,
Philadelphia, and New York
• “Push-Pull” effect:
• African Americans were deciding
to leave to escape mistreatment
in the South (push)
• African Americans were deciding
to leave because work in the
North was something they
desired (pull)

23. Reconstruction in TN
• Tennessee accepted the
14th Amendment early
• Fourteen African
Americans were elected to
the Tennessee legislature
during the late 1800’s
• Sampson W. Keeble from
Davidson Co.

24. Reconstruction in TN
• State Constitutional
Convention of 1870
• Outlawed slavery in
Tennessee
• Introduced a poll tax

25. Reconstruction in TN
• 1878 Yellow Fever
Epidemic
• Yellow fever spread from
the Gulf of Mexico to
Memphis along the
Mississippi River
• By the end of the year,
5,000 people in Memphis
died from the disease
• Throughout the South,
20,000 people died from
the disease and 80,000
survived the infection

26. Acrostic
• Create an acrostic using the term, “reconstruction” that describes the time
period.
• R
• E
• C
• O
• N
• S
• T
• R
• U
• C
• T
• I
• O
• N

27. Review Option- Class 4B
Only
• Create a 10 question quiz (multiple choice) using
your notes over Reconstruction
• If you complete this, you will be able to use these
questions to help you with your quiz tomorrow!

28. Reconstruction Partner
Activity
• Paper Slide Video- With your assigned partner,
you will perform research on a Reconstruction
topic of your choice. You will create a paper slide
video detailing what you have learned.
• You will submit the following: a digital copy of the
paper slide video (we will discuss options for this)
• A copy of the script for your video

29. Reconstruction Partner
Activity
• You may choose one of the following as a topic:
• The impact of the Reconstruction Amendments
• The conflict between Andrew Johnson and the
Radical Republicans
• Comparing Lincoln’s 10 Percent Plan to the Radical
Republican Plan for Reconstruction
• The Freedmen’s Bureau and the impact of Jim Crow
laws.
• Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
• The controversy of the 1876 Election