10 gate of_hadrian
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1) Hadrian's Gate was constructed in 131-132 AD in Athens to honor the Roman emperor Hadrian and mark the boundary between the ancient city of Athens and the new Roman section built during Hadrian's rule. 2) The gate spans an ancient road and is located northwest of the Temple of Olympian Zeus. It is made of marble without cement and features a lower arched passageway and upper triangular pediment. 3) Inscriptions on the gate indicate the areas as the "city of Theseus" and the "city of Hadrian," reflecting the change between the ancient and new sections of the city under Roman rule.
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The Acropolis in Athens was a sacred hill dedicated to the goddess Athena that held important structures like the Parthenon. The Parthenon was designed by Pheidias and built almost perfectly out of marble with 46 surrounding pillars. Other temples in Athens included the Erechtheion, Hephaisteion, and Olympeion dedicated to various gods. Pheidias also designed statues for the Parthenon and Olympia. Greek architecture used three pillar styles - the plain Doric, spiral Ionic, and leafy Corinthian. Athenians excelled not just in architecture but also arts like sculpture decorating temples and pottery depicting everyday life that was traded widely.
Ga acropolis
The document summarizes the key architectural structures located on the Acropolis of Athens. It describes the Propylaea, the monumental entrance gate to the Acropolis built between 437-432 BCE. It then discusses the small Temple of Athena Nike, built in 420 BCE in the Ionic order. The most prominent structure, the Parthenon, is then covered - a Doric temple built between 447-438 BCE dedicated to Athena. Finally, it summarizes the Erechtheum, an unusual Ionic temple with a prominent Porch of the Maidens built between 421-406 BCE and dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon.
ARTID111 Ancient Greek Art - Part 2
The document provides descriptions of various ancient Greek artworks from different periods, including information about the artwork, artist, date, location, and materials. Some of the pieces described include the Parthenon and sculptures from the Acropolis in Athens from the 5th century BCE, works by Praxiteles and Lysippos from the late classical period, the Nike of Samothrace and Venus de Milo from the Hellenistic period, and Laocoön and his Sons from the 1st century CE. The document also includes definitions for various architectural and artistic terms.
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The document summarizes the three classical Greek architectural orders of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. It describes the key characteristics of each order including column style, capital design, and origins. The Doric order emerged in the 7th century BCE and was used for early Greek temples. The Ionic order originated in Ionia in the 6th century BCE and has distinctive voluted capitals. The most elaborate is the Corinthian order, with acanthus leaf capitals, that was influential in both Greek and Roman architecture. These orders have had a lasting influence on architecture for thousands of years.
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10 gate of_hadrian
- 1. 10. GATE /ARCH OF HADRIAN Date of construction: 131-132 AD
- 2. Athens during Hadrian’ s rule (1) Gate of Hadrian, (2) temple of Olympian Zeus, (3) Acropolis,(4) Odeion of Herodes Atticus, (5) Athenian Agora, (6) Roman Agora, (7) Library of Hadrian
- 7. Hadrian’s Gate is located 325m southeast of the Acropolis
- 9. The arch was constructed without cement or mortar from solid marble, using clamps to connect the cut stones.
- 10. The single arched passageway of the lower level is 6.5m wide and was supported by pilasters on rectangular raised bases crowned with Corinthian capitals.
- 11. Similar, but taller, pilasters flank the outer corners of the lower level. The space between the outer pilasters and the arched opening was filled in with squared stones with drafted edges to emphasize the design. Description
- 12. Its design is symmetrical from front to back and side to side.
- 14. The central opening of the upper level was originally closed off by a thin screen of stone, ca 7cm thick.
- 15. The design of this central aediculum-like niche of the upper level is similar to the architecture of the scaenaefronsand highly evocative of the representations of aediculae in wall painting of the 2nd Pompeian style.
- 16. At the peak of the pediment, there was a small vegetal acroterion.Description
- 17. The scaenaefrons of the Theater of Marcellus in Rome, 1st century BC.Aediculae in wall-paintings in the villa of FanniusSynistor close to PompeiiCorinthian capitals of the Arch’s upper level pilasters
- 18. The Gate of Hadrian in Ephesus (117 AD or 123 AD), which is considered to be the model for the Gate of Hadrian in Athens. The third level of this Gate bears certain similarities to the upper level of the Gate in Athens. ΙΜΕ
- 20. On the northwest side (towards the Acropolis), the inscription was: ΑΙΔ' ΕIΣΙΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙ ΘΗΣΕΩΣ Η ΠΡΙΝ ΠΟΛΙΣ (This is Athens, the ancient city of Theseus).
- 21. The inscription on the southeast side (facing the Temple of Olympian Zeus) was: ΑΙΔ' ΕIΣΙΝ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟΥ ΚΟΥΧI ΘΗΣΕΩΣ ΠΟΛΙΣ (This is the city of Hadrian, and not of Theseus). Inscriptions
- 23. In opposition to these suggestions, others state that there is no evidence of the type of doweling needed to mount statuary on the top of the lower level and that the stone is far too roughly worked on the upper surface for statues to rest on it. Statues on the Gate?
- 24. . Very few roman triumphal arches are found in Greece. On the left the Arch of Galerius in Thessaloniki (beginning of the 4th century AD) which spanned the Via Egnatia. On the right the Arch of Titus in Rome (1st century AD). Τhe lower level of the Arch of Hadrian falls within the gamut of the architectural genre. Roman triumphal arches, however, typically have a massive, solid upper level, often filled with a dedicatory inscription and sculptural decoration. They typically supported major stone or bronze statuary, often including a quadriga (four-horse chariot) or something similar at the top centre.
- 25. Hadrian’s Gate in 1938
- 27. Πειραματικό Λύκειο Αγ. Αναργύρων, Athens/1st Grade, 2009-2010 Hadrian’s Gate by night EvdokiaRomanou, SteliosFazakis, IriniPoliankou, AngelikiPapadopoulou, students/Alexandra Melista, teacher