This document provides a review for Test 2 on Greek art from the Geometric period through the Hellenistic period. It outlines the test format which includes identifying works of art, vocabulary questions, and an essay. It then defines key vocabulary terms related to the different periods and styles of Greek art. Finally, it provides descriptions of 20 works of art as examples to study, including information on date, culture, significance, and style. The works range from pottery and architecture to sculpture.

1. Test 2 Review
Greek Geometric Through Hellenistic

2. Test Format
Part 1: 5 Slides (Artist, Date, Culture, Significant Fact)
Part 2: 1-2 Mystery Slides
- Piece and it’s time period/culture
- Compare to another piece and give reason to why it’s similar to that
Part 3: Vocabulary - 5- 10 vocab words
- Should be about 2-3 sentences
- Going to want to connect the word with a work of art/architecture learned in that unit
Part 4: Extra Credit - questions/fill-in-the-blanks form subjects talked about in class or in the
readings
Part 5: Essay- 3-5 questions- asked to answer one, recommend having an intro paragraph,

3. Vocabulary - Geometric and Archaic Periods
● Early Greek Art- Mycenaean fell, Greece entered dark ages, but around 9th c. BCE began to
start writing things down and producing art
● Geometric Period 900-700 BCE- great deal of sharp shapes (triangles, zig-zags, rectangles),
convention of small markers for gender, use of registers, fill up the space with figures and
pattern
● Orientalizing Period 700-600 BCE- reestablish contact with east
● Archaic Period 600-480 BCE- conventions- archaic smile, idealizations in statues, nudity in
males
● Kouros, Kouroi- statue of young man
● Kore, Korai- statue of a young girl
● Caryatid- statues of young women used as columns in the ionic order in the Archaic Period
● Entasis- cigar shape of column; don’t go straight up,they take more of a curving form to seem
more swelling in the middle
● Idealizaiton- making something looking more perfect than they really are

4. Parts of a Greek Temple Pediment- triangular part
Frieze- horizontal part right under the
pediment
Architrave- support blocks
Capital- top of the column
Shaft- the column
Stylobate- top step of a greek temple
Triglyph and metope friezes- only in
Doric
Cella - interior room of a Greek
Temple used for housing the
statue of god

5. Architectural Orders
Doric - plain/round capital, sits
directly on top step
Ionic- scroll capital, base at
bottom of Column, continues
frieze
Corinthian- variation of ionic with
leaves

6. Geometric Krater from Dipylon
Cemetery, Athens, 8th c. BCE
Geometric
Served as a grave
marker for an
elite man

7. Mantiklos Apollo, c. 700-680 BCE
Geometric
Triangular shape body and head, greatly seen in geometric art
Dedication to god Apollo with writing stating it is a ‘gift for god’ to either

8. Lady of Auxerre, c. 650-635 BCE
Orientalizing Period
Had pattern on skirt indicating where it would have been painted

9. Kouros, c. 600 BCE
Archaic
Inspiration from Egyptians;
position of feet, hands to
side, proportions,
obsession with the
idealized male body

10. Kroisos, c. 530 BCE
Archaic
Example as idealization in early greek art, can see traces of
paint

11. Peplos Kore, c. 530 BCE
● Archaic
● Thought that it may be a goddess due to her outfit
● Archaic smile

12. Temple of Hera I, c. 550 BCE
● Plan & View
● Archaic
● 9 columns in the front which then caused them to put central
columns in the middle, blocking views of the cella

13. Temple of Artemis, Corfu, c. 600-580 BCE
● Archaic
● Doric order due to its plain capitals and triglyph and metope frieze,
depict medusa on the building in attempts to protect and guard

14. Siphnian Treasury, Delphi, c. 530 BCE
● Archaic
● Used to keep precious offering left for the god’s
● Uses human bodies as the columns

15. Ergotimos & Kleitias, Francois Vase, ca. 570 BCE
● Archaic
● Shows that the artists were literate and wanted to show who was
responsible for making the vases

16. Exekias, Achilles & Ajax Playing a Game, c. 540 BCE
● Archaic
● Starting to understand more of the human anatomy

17. Andokides Painter, Bilingual Vase, c. 525 BCE
● Archaic
● Reversed the pot painting order; red figure style - paint the details
with the brush which makes lines more fluid

18. Euthymides, Revelers Vase, c. 510 BCE
● Archaic
● Depicts older men drinking, painted a different perspective of
movement of the human body

19. Vocabulary- Early and High Classical
● Early Classical 480-450 BCE = Transitional Period- after Persian War,
inspired the arts; showing a little bit of emotion and age, only plane view,
beginnings of contrapposto
● Severe style sculpture- simplified folds, smooth faces, little bit of age and
emotion, thick eyelids
● High Classical 450-400 BCE- fully developed contrapposto, bland faces/ no
emotions, idealization
● Late Classical Greek Art 400-323 BCE- Peloponnesian war breaks out,
Athens defeated by Sparta, see first female nude
● Persian Wars 490 and 480 BCE- Persia attacked a city in Turkey, Greeks
sent troops to aid fellow Greeks, so then persians attacked Green in 490; a
tiny Athenian army then beats them, but Perisa came back in 480; Greece
built up mainland army and navy and still beat them
● Contrapposto- the weight shift of the human body; one leg bent and one leg
flexed (weight bearing leg) that creates movement throughout the body

20. Vocab. Continued
● Lost-wax bronzes- a hollow statue that is cast in different pieces and
put together, less weight and less expensive
● Athens- greek city state
● Attica- region around athens
● Attic- art works from Attica/Athens
● Akropolis- “high city” in Athens that most Greek buildings are
located, ex: Propylaia, Temple of Athena Nike, Erechtheion
● Perikles- general of Athens during Golden Age
● Optical Refinements- used to make adjustments to buildings to
make them look more perfect, everything curves slightly turn inwards
and/or the base is curved like a dome
● Peloponnesian War 431- 404 BCE- war between Athens and Sparta,
Athens loses

22. Temple of Aphaia, Aigina, C. 500-490 BCE
● Plan & View
● Early Classical
● Has standard number of columns (6 across)
● West Pediment Warrior, c. 500-490 BCE, maybe done
in Archaic Period or done by poorer artist- archaic
smile, stiff
● East Pediment Warrior, c. 490-480 BCE, maybe done
in early classical, or done by better artist; depicts
emotion

23. Temple of Zeus, Olympia, c. 470-460 BCE
● Early Classical
● Shows a standard 6 x 13 doric temple that had a giant statue of
Zeus in the Cella

24. Temple of Zeus, Olympia, c. 470-460 BCE
● Early Classical
● East Pediment with Chariot Race of Pelops- most
important/formal pediment since it is on top of the doorway;
usually more professional and simple
● Athena, Herakles, and Atlas Metope- Herakles is holding up
heavens and Athena is helping Herakles, severe style sculpture
(flat folds, smooth faces)

25. Kritios Boy, c. 480 BCE
●Early Classical
●Shows the beginning of contrapposto

26. Charioteer of Delphi, c. 470 BCE
●Early classical
●Example of a lost wax bronze

27. Zeus from Artemision, c. 460-450 BCE
● Early Classical
● Found in the sea after a shipwreck, most likely Zeus because it
looks like it’s throwing a lightning bolt OR Poseidon, maybe
holding a trident

28. Riace Warriors, c. 460-450 BCE
● Early Classical
● Also found in the Sea
● Use of Contrapposto

29. Polykleitos, Doryphoros, c. 450-440 BCE
● Early Classical
● “Spear Bearer” use to hold a spear
● Fully developed contrapposto
● Came up with a system of proportions but method is lost

30. Stele of Hegeso, c. 400 BCE
● Early Classical
● Starting to see the body through clothing (wet drapery look)
● Mainly for women, females shown in home

31. Achilles Painter, Warrior and Wife, c. 440 BCE
● Early Classical
● Significance in the fact they finally got down the profile eye

32. Niobid Painter, Artemis and Apollo Killing Children of Niobe,
c. 450 BCE
● Early Classical
● Shows how painters were exploring with space and how bodies
are moving in space

34. Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, c. 447-438 BCE
● View and Plan
● Early Classical
● Approach from west, view from center- architect wants
you to appreciate the building as a whole
● Doric order- 8 x 17 to make room for statue of Athena
● 4 Ionic columns in the middle and continuous frieze
● Optical refinements; dome base

35. Statue of Athena- building
made in honor of her, not there
anymore
Three Goddesses, East
Pediment- see the use of the wet
drapery look, one could be
Aphrodite
Metope with Centaur- 92
sculptured metopes, centaur
wedding which is a metaphor for
the Persian wars- centaur
triumphs humans
● Sculptures supervised by
Phidias at Parthenon
● C. 447-432 BCE
● Early Classical

36. Mnesikles, Propylaia, c. 437- 432 BCE
● High Classical
● Monumental gateway
● Made a double pediment so it wasn’t awkward
● No sculpture in metopes so it wouldn’t overpower the
Parthenon

37. Kallikrates, Temple of Athena Nike, c. 427-424 BCE
● High Classical
● Ionic, no peristyle

38. Erechtheion, c. 421-405 BCE
● High Classical
● Asymmetrical and multileveled; unlike most classical greek
buildings
● Multiple cults celebrated

39. Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos, c. 350-340 BCE
●Late Classical
●First female nude

40. Praxiteles, Hermes and Dionysos, c. 340 BCE
● Late Classical
● Exaggerated Contrapposto “s-curve”
● More intimacy, melting gaze (very soft face)

41. Grave Stele of Hunter, c. 340-330 BCE
● Late Classical
● In the style of Skopas
● Known for showing age, emotion, and deep set eyes

42. Lysippos, Apoxyomenos, c. 330 BCE
● Late Classical
● ‘The Sweat Scraper’- an athlete that is scraping off the sweat
on him
● Known for making sculptures break the plane

43. Gnosis, Stag Hunt, c. 300 BCE
● Late Classical
● Shows what is missing in wall paintings
● Ability of expressing anatomy and shading through pebbles

44. Philoxenos of Eretria, Battle of Issus (Alexander Mosaic
● Copy of painting of c. 310 BCE
● Late Classical
● Don’t see a lot of depth , more stacking
● Maybe a representation of what greek paintings may have
looked like

45. Theater at Epidauros, 4th c. BCE
● Late Classical
● Not free-standing; built into the hillside and based off rank
● Closest to stage was for the wealthy

46. Lysikrates Monument, c. 334 BCE
● Late Classical
● Not a temple, a monument given to a theater producer
● First building to be built in the Corinthian order that’s outside
the building

47. Vocabulary - Hellenistic
● Hellenistic Greek Art, 323-31 BCE- starts with death of Alexander
the Great, exaggerated emotion, dramatic architecture and sculpture,
twisted poses and seen in at different angles
● Philip of Macedon- conquered Greece, father of Alexander the Great
● Alexander the Great- general and military strategist, created a huge
empire from Greece to Northern India
● Agora- the heart of any ancient greek city that holds the markets,
important temples, city councils
● Stoa- Long skinny multipurpose building, most likely shopping malls

48. Paionios of Ephesos and Daphnis of Miletos, Temple of
Apollo Didyma, begun c. 313 BCE
● Plan and Interior view
● Hellenistic
● Dramatic architecture, have to go in side entrances to
enter

49. Stoa of Attalos, Athens, c. 150 BCE
● Hellenistic
● Example of a Stoa (long skinny multipurpose building, this
one being a shopping mall)
● Bottom is Doric (sturdier), top is ionic

50. Altar of Zeus, Pergamon, c. 175 BCE
● Hellenistic
● War memorial, contains sculpture pouring over the reliefs
● Athena Relief- shows the dramatic emotion and sculpture, open
mouth, deep set eyes, ridged/wrinkle foreheads, diagonal poses

51. Nike of Samothrace, c. 190 BCE
● Hellenistic
● War memorial of naval battle
● Twisting dramatic pose

52. Alexandros of Antioch-on-the-Meander, Aphrodite (Venus de Milo), c.
150-125 BCE
● Hellenistic
● Know its hellenistic due to her twisted pose

53. Old Market Woman, c. 150-100 BCE
● Hellenistic
●Extreme realism of Hellenistic sculpture