The European advance and Challenge

1. THE EUROPEAN ADVANCE AND
CHALLENGE

2.  ‘Eurocentric’
 Dutch in Indonesia
 Spaniards and Americans in the Philippines
 The French in Indochina
 The British in Burma and Malaya
 Portuguese in East Timor

3. The creation by the colonial powers of the
borders have become the modern states of
Southeast Asia.

4. BURMNA
 The of the frontier zones
 The rights of British traders (invading Bengal)
 Different views of how government and
business should be conducted led to
confrontation
 The British in India came to see events in
Burma as a test of strength: agriculture and
timber potential.
 By 1886, the British proclaimed control over
Burma

5. VIETNAM
 The French saw Vietnam as a springboard
for trade with China and jealous of British
 French forces invaded Vietnam in the pledge
of protecting Christian missionaries
 Hue hoped the invaders would advance no
further
 In the 1880s, the French extended their
colonial possessions to include all of Vietnam

6. CAMBODIA
 Cambodia was under the rulers of Thailand
and Vietnam
 Cambodia became a buffer zone
 Without the French advance it seems hard to
think of Cambodia being left for long

7. LAOS
 Laos was composed of a confusing pattern
of minor states
 It came into existence was the result of
colonial action
 Laos states appeared an attractive prospect
of colonial advance and the French seized it
between 1885 and 1889.

8. THAILAND
 Because of its location, Thailand became a
buffer zone
 Kings and officials: King Mongkut and
Chulalongkorn
 Thailand lost its suzerainty over territories
along the Mekong River

9. INDONESIA
 The Dutch came traders and then it gained
control of major ports
 The had become sufficiently involved in
manipulating the internal affairs of Java.
 Late 19th and early 20th, the Dutch slowly
expanded their control over the Indonesian
Archipelago
 The Dutch established closer control and
more uniform administration.

10. MALAYSIA
 The Portuguese capture of Malacca in 16th
 Then it was replaced by the Dutch as the rulers of
Malacca in late 18th
 British established settlements in Penang (1786),
Singapore (1819), and Malacca (1830s)
 The three units played roles as bases from which
merchants and traders, tin miners and laborers, gradually
began to transform the economic structure of the
Peninsula
 Finally, the British could build a political paramountcy to
ensure direct control.
 Brunei became a British protectorate in 1888

11. EAST TIMOR
 In the 1560s, the Portuguese established
their first settlements near East Timor, and
then, mid 17th, moved in settle in the area.
 Then the settlement became a neglected
part of Portugal’s oversea empire.
 After the coming of the Dutch, there were
treaties signed to preserve its existence.

12. THE PHILIPPINES
 The Spanish established their colonial
headquarters in Manila in 1571
 In the mid 18th, the Spaniards came to
control the lowland areas
 The Spanish rule brought Catholicism into
northern islands, in which it created a new
framework for society
 Their colonial subjects began the revolt
against Spanish rule in the 19th