Global Governance (2010 Harvard World Economic Forum)
The document discusses several key issues regarding global governance of the oceans and seas. It notes that 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by water and only 21% is under national jurisdiction, leaving 50% of ocean territory classified as international waters. One of the major issues is ocean pollution, particularly large garbage patches accumulating in ocean gyres that contain millions of tons of plastic waste. The document also examines governance challenges in the Arctic as sea ice melts due to climate change, opening new opportunities for resource extraction and shipping routes but also sovereignty disputes over territory. International agreements like UNCLOS aim to establish rules but many challenges remain regarding transboundary pollution and resource rights.
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Global Governance (2010 Harvard World Economic Forum)
- 1. GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 2010 HARVARD WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM Debashree Pal | Robert D. Miguel
- 2. 29% LAND 71% WATER
- 3. 50% HIGH SEA 21% NATIONAL JURISDICTION
- 4. GOVERNANCE OF OCEANS • Ocean Environment Damage • Ocean Territorial Issues
- 5. What is the Ocean Garbage Patch?
- 6. How does the waste end up in the Ocean? 20% 80% COMMON POLLUTANTS
- 7. What is it made up of? 100 million tonnes of plastic produced/year 10%
- 8. What is it made up of? 100 million tonnes of plastic produced/year 10%
- 9. What is it made up of? 100 million tonnes of plastic produced/year 10% 90% PLASTIC Plastic accounts for 90% of ocean waste. Every square kilometer of sea contains 46,000 pieces of plastic.
- 10. Waste travels from the shore with Ocean Currents
- 11. 5 OCEAN GYRES North Pacific North Atlantic Gyre Gyre Indian Ocean Gyre South Atlantic Gyre South Pacific Gyre Because 40% of the oceans are classified as subtropical gyres, a fourth of the planet’s surface area has become an accumulator of floating plastic debris.
- 12. The patch has been growing tenfold every decade since the 1950s. It is approximated to me twice of Texas and 10m deep. ~1,760,000 TEXAS TEXAS square kilometers 300 feet/100meter Plastic debris
- 14. How does it affect us? PLASTIC PLASTIC POLYMERS SMALL FISH HUMAN BIG FISH
- 16. Proposed Extension of Boundary The IMF has proposals to extend the boundaries from 200 nautical miles. The Garbage Patch will still remain in international waters.
- 17. Proposed Extension of Boundary The IMF has proposals to extend the boundaries from 200 nautical miles. The Garbage Patch will still remain in international waters.
- 18. LF HE LS TA oil EN bs IN su NT ed, CO ab se IC OM ON km EC 2 E 32 IV US s= CL ile EX NE m 200 n mi ZO 00 n 2 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF THE SEA UNITED NATIONS CONVENTIONS ON THE LAW OF THE SEA (UNCLOS) NE m ZO 5 k US 8.6 UO = 3 IG es NT mil A 12 n mi 24 n mi CO n SE m 24 IAL .3 k 9 OR 1 IT les RR mi TE 2 n 1
- 19. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE POLES?
- 20. LOOKING AT THE WORLD FROM ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE
- 21. THE ARCTICS THE NEW FRONTIERS
- 22. GLOBAL WARMING AND THE MELTING OF THE ARCTIC ICE 1982 1982
- 27. ARCTIC NEXT FRONTIER NORWAY ICELAND RUSSIAN DENMARK FEDERATION CANADA USA UNCLAIMED LAND DISPUTED LAND / CLAIMS (Beaufort Sea, Northwest Passage,) SOURCE: Maritime jurisdiction and territorial delimitations of the Artic Ocean (IBRU / IBCAQ)
- 28. RESOURCES OIL (13% of worlds undiscovered oil) GAS (30% of world undiscovered gas) MINERAL FISHING
- 29. RESOURCES PROSPECTIVE RESERVES OIL PRODUCTION GAS PRODUCTION MINING SITE
- 30. NEW TRADE ROUTES
- 31. NEW TRADE ROUTES 40% Shorter Shipping Route Strait Claim for international navigation
- 32. MILITARY _ NATIONAL SECURITY