Unit 2 Machinability, Cutting Fluids, Tool Life & Wear, Tool MaterialsMechbytes
Concept of machinability, machinability index, factors affecting machinability
Different mechanism of tool wear types of tool wear (crater, flank etc.), Measurement and control of tool wear
Concept of tool life, Taylor's tool life equation (including modified version)
Different tool materials and their applications including effect of tool coating
Introduction to economics of machining
Cutting fluids: types, properties, selection and application methods
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
Unit 2 Machinability, Cutting Fluids, Tool Life & Wear, Tool MaterialsMechbytes
Concept of machinability, machinability index, factors affecting machinability
Different mechanism of tool wear types of tool wear (crater, flank etc.), Measurement and control of tool wear
Concept of tool life, Taylor's tool life equation (including modified version)
Different tool materials and their applications including effect of tool coating
Introduction to economics of machining
Cutting fluids: types, properties, selection and application methods
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
this file is about the types of dies and also its manufacturing procedure.this is important for the industry and for the industrial and manufacturing engineering..are of this field is manufacturing engineering and die designalso for the blanking dies and punches
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
this file is about the types of dies and also its manufacturing procedure.this is important for the industry and for the industrial and manufacturing engineering..are of this field is manufacturing engineering and die designalso for the blanking dies and punches
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Investigation on SS316, SS440C, and Titanium Alloy Grade-5 used as Single Poi...IJERA Editor
The main objective of this work is to find alternative materials for the cutting tools used in turning operations. The conventional materials like tungsten carbide(WC), titanium carbide(TiC), cubic boron nitride (CBN) and diamond used as cutting tools for turning operations on lathe are expensive. Titanium grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V), SS440C/AISI440C and SS316 are some of the materials which satisfy the necessary requirements for turning metals and polymer materials. These materials are machined as per the standard tool signature of high-speed steel tool (HSS) and are subjected to necessary heat treatment for hardening and then finish ground. The machined tools thus prepared were used to turn mild steel and aluminium workpieces. The cutting forces at play are determined using lathe tool dynamometer and plotted on a MCD (Merchant’s Circle Diagram). The cutting tools are also subjected to tests to determine tool life, wear and work hardening. It is found that the performance and tool life of SS440C is better and cost effective compared to existing tools. Even though Ti-6Al-4V is comparatively costly it could be used for obtaining good surface finish.
Investigations of Ultrasonic Vibration cutting of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4)IJRESJOURNAL
Abstract: A wide variety of applications have shown that the ultrasonic vibration cutting is more effective than traditional cutting with lower cutting forces, less tool ware, better cutting stability and higher surface quality. Ultrasonic vibration machining is particularly advantageous in the surfacing of difficult-to-cut materials. This paper use the ABAQUS to simulate the cutting process of normal and vibration cutting. The effects of ultrasonic vibration on cutting force, chip shape and stress field are studied in this paper. The results show that the ultrasonic vibration cutting has some advantages in cutting Ti-6Al-4V (TC4).
Sustainable Manufacturing: Optimization of single pass Turning machining oper...sajal dixit
Main aim is to optimize a manufacturing process by using different Meta-heuristic algorithm. i had selected turning process here. Firstly i found the most influential parameters in turning process by introducing "Local-centrality Method". Optimization of these most influential parameters will lead to the optimization of whole process using "Genetic algorithm and Taguchi Method". Genetic algorithm has been used to optimize production rate & production cost and Taguchi method has been used to optimize cutting quality, which has been described in presentation.
THE INFLUENCE OF CUTTING SPEED VARIATION IN TURNING OF AISI 304 MATERIALS ON ...IAEME Publication
Tool life is machining data which is related to machining process. The aim of this
research is to determine the tool life, tool wear and Taylor’s tool life equation value of
coated carbide insert when used in turning process of AISI 304 stainless steel. By
completing this research, the tool life of coated carbide insert will be known and can
be estimated when different cutting speed for given feeding speed and depth of cut are
used. The experiment was done by using cutting speed which was varied whereas feed
rate and depth of cut were fixed during the turning process until the tool wear value of
each cutting speed reaches 0.3 mm (VB = 0.3 mm). Taylor’s tool life equation was
obtained as VCTL
0.939=2968 and value of tool life of 29 minutes 10 seconds for low
cutting speed and 15 minutes 36 seconds for high cutting speed
Experimental Investigation of Effect of Tool Length on Surface Roughness duri...IOSR Journals
: In the turning operation, vibration is a frequent problem, which affects the result of the machining
and in particular the surface finish. Tool life is also influenced by vibrations. Severe acoustic noise in the
working environment frequently results as a dynamic motion between the cutting tool and the work piece. In all
cutting operations like turning, boring and milling vibrations are induced due to deformation of the work piece.
In the turning process, the importance of machining parameter choice is increased, as it controls the surface
quality required. Tool overhang is a cutting tool parameter that has not been investigated in as much detail as
some of the better known ones. It is appropriate to keep the tool overhang as short as possible; however, a
longer tool overhang may be required depending on the geometry of the work piece and when using the holeturning
process in particular. In this study, we investigate the effects of changes in the tool overhang in the
external turning process on both the surface quality of the work piece and tool wear. For this purpose, we used
work pieces of AISI 1050 material with diameters of 20, 30, and 40 mm; and the surface roughness of the work
piece were determined through experiments using constant cutting speed and feed rates with different depth of
cuts (DOCs) and tool overhangs. We observed that the effect of the DOC on the surface roughness is negligible,
but tool overhang is more important. The deflection of the cutting tool increases with tool overhang. Two
different analytical methods were compared to determine the dependence of tool deflection on the tool
overhang. Also, the real tool deflection values were determined using a comparator. We observed that the tool
deflection values were quite compatible with the tool deflection results obtained using the second analytical
method.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
2. Tool life generally indicates, the amount of satisfactory performance or
service rendered by a fresh tool or a cutting point till it is declared failed.
In R & D : Actual machining time (period) by which a fresh cutting tool (or
point) satisfactorily works after which it needs replacement or reconditioning.
In industries or shop floor : The length of time of satisfactory service or
amount of acceptable output provided by a fresh tool prior to it is required to
replace or recondition.
Tool life is defined in many ways :
Tool life means,
no. of pieces of work machined
total volume of material removed
total length of cut.
Tool Life
3. i) by loss of tool material in volume or weight, in one life time –generally
applicable for critical tools like grinding wheels.
ii) by grooving and indentation method – in this approximate method wear
depth is measured indirectly by the difference in length of the groove or
the indentation outside and inside the wear area.
iii) using optical microscope fitted with micrometer – very common and
effective method.
Measurement of tool wear
4. Measurement of tool wear
iv) using scanning electron microscope (SEM) – used generally, for detailed
study; both qualitative and quantitative
v) Talysurf profilometer, specially for shallow crater wear.
5. The first is the break-in period, in which the
sharp cutting edge wears rapidly at the
beginning of its use. This first region occurs
within the first few minutes of cutting.
The break-in period is followed by wear that
occurs at a fairly uniform rate. This is called
the steady-state wear region. In our figure,
this region is pictured as a linear function of
time, although there are deviations from the
straight line in actual machining.
Finally , wear reaches a level at which the
wear rate begins to accelerate. This marks
the beginning of the failure region, in which
cutting temperatures are higher, and the
general efficiency of the machining process
is reduced. If allowed to continue, the tool
finally fails by temperature failure..Tool Wear Curve
Tool Wear Curve
6. Taylor’s tool life equation.
Wear and hence tool life of any tool for any work material is governed
mainly by the level of the machining parameters i.e., cutting velocity (Vc),
feed (f) and depth of cut (d).
Cutting velocity affects the tool life is maximum and depth of cut is
minimum.
The tool life obviously decreases with the increase in cutting velocity.
Growth of flank wear and assessment of tool life
7. If the tool lives, T1, T2, T3, T4 etc are
plotted against the corresponding cutting
velocities, Vc1, Vc2, Vc3, Vc4 etc., a
smooth curve like a rectangular hyperbola
is found to appear.
Cutting velocity vs tool life on a log-log scaleCutting velocity – tool life relationship
Taylor’s Tool Life equation
Growth of flank wear and assessment of tool life
8. Taylor derived the simple equation as,
n-is called, Taylor’s tool life exponent
C-Constant; depends also on the limiting
value of flank wear.
When F. W. Taylor plotted the same figure taking both V and T in log-scale, a
more distinct linear relationship appeared as schematically shown in Fig.
Taylor’s Tool Life equation
𝑉𝑇 𝑛 = 𝐶
Both ‘n’ and ‘c’ depend mainly upon the tool-work materials and the
cutting environment (cutting fluid application).
Cutting velocity vs tool life on a log-log scale
9. Taylor’s Tool Life Equation
v – Cutting Speed (m/min)
T – Tool Life (min)
n, C are constants
C – intercept / Taylor’s constant
n – slope of the line / Taylor’s
exponent
n
vT C
1 2
2 1
log log
tan
log log
v v
n
T T
For HSS, n=0.08-0.2
For Carbides, n=0.2-0.6
For Ceramics, n=0.5-0.8
10. In Taylor’s tool life equation, only the effect of variation of cutting
velocity, VC on tool life has been considered.
But practically, the variation in feed (f) and depth of cut (d) also play role
on tool life to some extent.
Taking into account the effects of all those parameters, the Taylor’s tool
life equation has been modified as,
T --tool life in min
C ⎯a constant depending mainly upon the tool – work materials and the
limiting value of flank wear.
a, b and c ⎯exponents so called tool life exponents depending upon the tool –
work materials and the machining environment.
Generally, a > b > c as Vc affects tool life maximum and depth of cut is
minimum.
The values of the constants, C, a, b and c are available in Machining Data
Handbooks or can be evaluated by machining tests.
.
Modified Taylor’s Tool Life equation
V𝑇 𝑎 𝑓 𝑏 𝑑 𝑐 = C