This seminar report discusses the effect of machining parameters on tool life. It begins with an introduction to cutting tools, tool wear, and factors that affect tool life. The report then reviews literature on how cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut impact tool wear and life. The objectives are to study how these machining parameters influence tool wear and life. The expected outcomes are that tool life decreases with increasing feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut. The conclusion is that machining parameters must be optimized to select values that result in maximum tool life and minimum tool wear.

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAVI
“Jnana Sangama”, Belgavi-590014, Karnataka
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
POOJYA DODDAPPA APPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KALABURAGI-585 102
A Seminar Report
On
Presenting by
SIDDARAM
USN: 3PD17MPE08
Under the Guidance of
Asst.Prof. SUNIL MANGSHETTY
“EFFECT OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON TOOL LIFE”

2. ABSTRACT
Tool wear is an inherent phenomenon in every traditional cutting operation. Researchers strive
towards elimination or minimization of tool wear as tool wear affects product quality as well as production
costs. In order to improve tool life, extensive studies on the tool wear characteristics have to be conducted.
Some of the factors that affect tool wear and surface roughness are machining parameters like cutting speed,
feed, depth of cut etc., tool material and its properties. In metal cutting operations, it is desirable to study the
tool wear, dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and the cutting parameters that affect the tool life. Flank
wear of cutting tools is often considered as the tool life criterion because it determines the diametric
accuracy of machining, its stability and reliability. In this seminar report an attempt is made to study the
different papers which shows how the life of the cutting tool can be calculated taking into account the
cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, work piece material, power of the machine,
the dimensional tolerance of the part, the geometry of the cutting tool, operating conditions of the machine
tool and the finishing surface etc.
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3. INTRODUCTION
Machining is an important part of metal manufacturing process to achieve
desired shape, good dimensional accuracy and aesthetic requirements.
The selection of proper cutting tool is an important parameter in the
machining process of a part in production. It performs the cutting action that helps in
getting required surface finish and accuracy of the part. In order to perform these
tasks the tool should possess some special characteristics. Some of the important
characteristics are hardness, toughness, wear resistance and chemical stability or
inertness with respect to the work piece material curacy and aesthetic requirements.
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4. CUTTING TOOL
A cutting tool can be defined as a part of a machine tool that is responsible for removing the excessive
material from the work piece by direct mechanical abrasion and shear deformation.
CHARACTERISTICS
• Hardness: The tool material should be harder than the work material.
• Hot hardness: The tool must maintain its hardness at elevated temperatures encountered during the machining
process.
• Wear Resistance: The tool should have served to its acceptable level of life before it wears out and needs to be
replaced.
• Toughness: The material should be strong enough so as to withstand shocks and vibrations. During interrupted
cutting, the tool should not chip or fracture.
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5. TYPES OF CUTTING TOOLS
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Single point cutting tool
Milling cutting tool
Drill bit
Shaping tool

6. CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS
High Carbon Steel tools
High speed steel (H.S.S)
Non – ferrous cast alloys
Cemented carbides
Ceramics and sintered oxides
 Cermets
Diamond
Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN)
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7. TOOL WEAR
Tool wear is an inherent occurrence in every conventional machining
process. The tool wear rate is dependent on the tool material itself, the tool shape
and geometry, work piece material etc. The foremost important factors affecting
the tool wear which can be easily controlled are process parameters. A key factor
in the rate of tool wear of materials is the temperature achieved during
machining. The general idea is that energy expended in cutting is converted into
heat and that a large fraction of it is taken away in the chip. This results in about
20% of the heat generated going into the cutting tool. The following types of
tool wear modes can be observed.
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8. TYPES OF TOOL WEAR
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Crater WearFlank Wear

9. TYPES OF TOOL WEAR MECHANISMS
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Abrasive Wear
Adhesion Wear
Diffusion wear
Fatigue Wear

10. TOOL LIFE
The tool life is the duration of actual cutting time after which the tool is no longer usable.
The tool life is used to calculate the tool material performance and machinability of work
piece material.
TAYLOR’S TOOL LIFE EQUATION
VTn fa tb= C
Where
f = feed rate in mm/min
t = depth of cut in mm
a & b constant which depends on mechanical properties of the work piece
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11. MACHINING PARAMETERS
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 CUTTING SPEED
 FEED
 DEPTH OF CUT

12. CUTTING SPEED
Cutting speed may be defined as the rate at which the uncut surface of the work piece passes the
cutting tool . It is often referred to as surface speed and is ordinarily expressed in m/min, though ft./min is also
used as an acceptable unit . Cutting speed can be obtained from the spindle speed. The spindle speed is the
speed at which the spindle, and hence, the work piece, rotates. It is given in terms of number of revolutions of
the work piece per minute i.e. rpm.
If the spindle speed is N rpm, the cutting speed Vc (in m/min) is given as
where, D = Diameter of the work piece in mm

13. FEED
Feed is the distance moved by the tool tip along its path of travel for every revolution of the work
piece. It is denoted as “f” and is expressed in mm/rev. Sometimes, it is also expressed in terms of the spindle
speed in mm/min as Fm = f N where, f = Feed in mm/rev, N = Spindle speed in rpm
DEPTH OF CUT
Depth of cut (d) is defined as the distance from the newly machined surface to the uncut surface. In
other words, it is the thickness of material being removed from the work piece. The diameter after
machining is reduced by twice of the depth of cut as this thickness is removed from both sides owing to the
rotation of the work.
where, D1 = Initial diameter of job
D2 = Final diameter of job

14. LITERATURE SURVEY
SUMMARY OF LITERATURE
SURVEY LINK.pdf
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15. PROBLEM STATEMENT
From the literature survey it is evident that the machining parameters such as
Depth of cut, feed rate and Spindle feeds are more important to decide the tool life
and wear. So proper optimization of these process parameters are required to
increase the tool life in machining process.
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16. OBJECTIVES
Tool wear is an inherent occurrence in any machining process. Wear affects tool life
and product quality. Hence, improvements have to be made in order to increase tool life.
a) To study the influence/effect of machining parameters viz. speed, feed and depth of cut,
on the tool wear.
b) To study the influence/effect of machining parameters viz. speed, feed and depth of cut,
on the tool life.
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17. POSSIBLE OUTCOME
From the study is evident that the following results may achieve.
The tool life is decreases as the feed rate increases.
The tool life is decreases as the cutting speed increases.
The tool life is decreases as the depth of cut increases.
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18. CONCLUSION
From this seminar report one can conclude that
Thus, finally it can be observed that we must select the cutting parameters,
which are cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, in such a way so as to have the
optimum tool life at the tool tip so that the minimum tool wear is encountered.
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19. REFERENCES
[1]A study of effects of machining parameters on tool life, Sunday Joshua Ojolo, Olugbenga Ogunkomaiya , Department of Mechanical
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