Introduction to Anatomy, Branches of Anatomy, Origin of Anatomy, BD Churasia, Anatomy Lectures By Shahid Alam

1. Introduction to
Anatomy
Dr Shahid Alam PT
DPT (KMU),
MSPT-Neuro (KMU)
Pharm-B (PCP)

2. Definition
It is a Greek word ( Ana-Tome):
Ana mean up, tome means to cut
meaning cutting up.
Anatomy – the study of the
structure of body parts and their
relationships to one another.

3. BRANCHES OF
ANATOMY

4. 1. Cadaveric anatomy
2. Living Anatomy
3. Embryology (developmental
anatomy)
4. Histology (microscopic anatomy)
5. Surface anatomy (topographic
anatomy)
6. Radiographic and imaging anatomy
7. Comparative anatomy

5. 8 Physical anthropology
9 Applied anatomy (clinical anatomy)
10 Experimental anatomy
11 Genetics

6. 1 GROSS ANATOMY or
MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY
• It is the study of structures that can be
examined without the use of a
microscope.
So it is also called Macroscopic Anatomy.
• It is based upon observations through
dissection on cadaver.
• It is also called CADAVERIC
ANATOMY

7. Cadaveric Anatomy
It is studied on dead (preserved) bodies usually
with the naked eye (macroscopic or gross
anatomy).

8. • Gross anatomy has following two main
subdivisions.
• Regional Anatomy
• Systemic anatomy

9. REGIONAL ANATOMY.
• Study of the specific regions of the body is
called regional anatomy.
• It is also known as topographical anatomy
(topography = a detailed account of
superficial features structure)

10. • There are three main regions.
• Upper and Lower limbs
• Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis
• Head and Neck including Brain

12. SYSTEMIC ANATOMY
• It is the study of specific systems of the
body.

13. They are
 skeletal system (osteology)
 muscular system (myology),
 Articulatory (joint) system (arthrology),
 vascular system (angiology),
 nervous system (neurology),
 respiratory (pulmonology)
 digestive

14.  Urogenital system (Urology)
 endocrine systems (splanchnology).
 skin and its appendages (Dermatology)

15. • The skeletal system (osteology)
It is composed of bones and cartilage. It
is responsible for providing support to
the body and protection of vital organs
such as the heart, lungs, brain etc. The
muscular system acts on it to produce
movement.

16. • The articular system (arthrology)
Its components are joints and their
ligaments. Joints are responsible for
connecting the body parts. They provide
locations where movements occur.

17. • The muscular system (Myology)
• it consists of muscles
that contract and
cause movements of bones at joints

18. •
•
Integumentary system (Dermatology)
It consists of the skin and its associated
structures e.g. hair, nails, sweat glands
etc. the skin is not merely a protective
covering for our body.

19. •
•
•
The respiratory system (pulmonology)
It is concerned with
oxygen intake and carbon dioxide
elimination.
It consists of•
•
•
the air passages
and lungs

20. •
•
The urinary system (urology)
Its components are
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder (storage
of urine)
• Urethra

21. • The nervous system (neurology)
It controls and coordinates the functions
of all the systems of the body.

22. • The circulatory system (angiology)
It has 2 parts
(a) the cardiovascular system,
(b) lymphatic system,

23. 2 Living Anatomy
It is studied by inspection, palpation, percussion,
auscultation, endoscopy (bronchoscopy,
gastroscopy), radiography, electromyography, etc.

24. 3 DEVELOPMENTALANATOMY
or Embryology
• is the study of the prenatal developmental
changes in an individual.
• The developmental history is called
'ontogeny’.
• The evolutionary history on the other hand, is
called 'phylogeny'.

25. 4 MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
OR HISTOLOGY
• It is the study of the structure of organs tissues
and cells under the microscope.
• There are two main branches of microscopic
anatomy.

26. Microscopic Anatomy
Cytology – study of the cell
Histology – study of tissues

27. 5 SURFACE ANATOMY or
(topographic anatomy)
• It is the study of deeper parts of the body in
relation to the skin surface. It is helpful in
clinical practice and surgical operations
• It is the identification and study of the form
(morphology) and markings of various
structures in the living person on the surface of
the body.

28. 6 RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY
• This is the study of the structure of human
body that includes the use of several
imaging techniques, such as radiography,
ultrasonography, echocardiography,
computed tomographic scanning (CT
Scanning) and Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI)

29. 7 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
• It is the study of anatomy of the other
animals to explain the changes in
form, structure and function
(morphology) of different parts of the
human body.

30. 8 Physical anthropology
• It deals with the external features and
measurements of different races and groups of
people, and with the study of the prehistoric
remains.

31. 9 APPLIED ANATOMY
(clinical anatomy)
• It deals with application of the anatomical
knowledge to the medical and surgical
practice

32. 10 Experimental anatomy
It is the study of the factors which influence and
determine the form, structure and function of
different parts of the body.

33. 11 Genetics
It deals with the study of information present in the
chromosomes.