This document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of body structures, their forms, positions, and relationships. Physiology is defined as the study of body part and system functions. There are 12 main body systems described including the nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and reproductive systems. Key anatomical terms are also defined such as cell, tissue, anatomical position, proximal, distal, superior, inferior, symmetric, and asymmetric. Other specialized areas of study within anatomy and physiology are also listed such as cytology, histology, myology, and neurology.

1. By – Devendra Kumar Rawat
Assistant Professor
M.Pharm (Pharmacology)
B.M.S. College Of Pharmacy, Nasratpur, Tiloi, Distt. Amethi
(Chapter – 1)

2. Scope of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy :- It is the study of structures of different parts of
the body, their forms, position and relationship
to each other.
Physiology :- It is the study of functions of the body parts
(whole Or Individual structures), and systems
present in the body.
Mainly 12 types of body systems are there, which are:
1. Central Nervous system
2. Autonomic nervous system
3. Respiratory system
4. Cardiovascular system

3. 5. Digestive system
6. Urinary system
7. Lymphatic system
8. Skeletal system
9. Reproductive system
10. Muscular system
11. Endocrine system
12. Excretory system
13. Integumentary system

4. Various terms used in Anatomy
1) Cell :- cell is the smallest, basic, living, structural and
funtional unit of the body.
2) Tissue :- A group of cells whichn are similar in structure
and functions.
3) Anatomical position :- this is the upright position of the
body with the head facing forwards.
4) Proximal end :- It means the part of the structure
nearest to a given point.
5) Distal end :- It means the part of the structure away
from a given point.

5. 6) Superior :- It is upper end of the body.
7) Inferior :- It is the lower end of the body.
8) Symmetric :- Right and left parts are similar. E.g., eyes,
ears, lungs, kidneys.
9) Asymmetric :- Right and left parts are not similar. E.g.,
wrist.
10) Median line :- The central plane or midline of the body
which divides it into two halves. i.e, Right and left

6. Other terms which are also used in anatomy
and physiology
1) Cytology :- Study of structure and function of the cell.
2) Histology :- Study of tissues.
3) Myology :- Study of muscles.
4) Neurology :- Study of nervous system.
5) Cardiology :- Study of the heart.
6) Osteology :- Study of bones.
7) Haematology :- Study of blood.
8) Odontology :- Study of teeth,
9) Arthrology :- Study of Joints.
10) Pathology :- Study of nature, causes of diseases.