1. Anatomy of upper limb
Presented by: DR.Sadia Aslam
ORTHOTIST AND PROSTHETIST
2. General anatomy
Definitions
1. Human anatomy:
it is concerned with the consideration of various structures which make up the human body.
it is an important scientific discipline which is concerned with the investigation of biological structure
by:
• Dissection
• Microdissection
• Light microscopy
• Electron microscopy
• Radiology
• Autography
3. 2. Systematic anatomy
It deals with the study of various structures as individual entities OR it is the branch of
anatomy which deals with the study of various structures systematically. It is valuable for
physicians.
3. Topographical anatomy or regional anatomy:
it deals with the anatomy of various structures as they lie in relationship with one
another in different regions of the body. It is valuable for surgeons.
4. Surface anatomy:
It deals with the study and identification of various structures in the living person by
inspection and palpation.
5.Radiological anatomy:
it deals with the study of structure of human body with the aid of x-ray it helps to
investigate the anatomical factors which cannot be understood by any other method.
4. DEFINATION
6. Morphology :
It deals with factors which have influenced and
determained the form, structure and function of
the constituent parts of the body OR it explains
the changes in form off human beings and
different animals.
7. Comparative anatomy:
It is the study of anatomy of various animals. It
helps to understand and correlate the
morphological differences between various
animal groups including man.
5. DEFINATION
8. Experimental embryology:
It is the study of various casual mechanisms like proliferation, growth, differentiation, induction,
metamorphosis, cell death etc.
9.Teratology:
The study of developmental abnormalities, including their nature, causation and mechanism of
genesis, e.g., cleft lip, patent foramen ovale, etc.
10. cytology:
The study of cell by various biological methods.the cell is defied as the structural init of a
multicellular organism like man.
6. Histology
11.Histology :
Study of various tissues by various scientific methods.
12.Applied anatomy OR clinical anatomy:
It is the direct application of facts of human anatomy to medicine and surgery.
7. Systematic anatomy
The description of several systems of organs separately and in logical order
comes under the head of systematic anatomy. The several parts of each system
not only show a certain similarity of structure but are also associated in
specialized functions. Anatomy and physiology are indeed linked with each
other and the separation between the two is only for sake of convenience.
In reality the structure and function are inseparably associated and this is the
basis of systematic anatomy.
8. Divisions of systematic anatomy
• Osteology:
It is the branch of systematic anatomy which deals with the study of skeletal system i.e, bones, cartilage, and
associated membranes.
Arthrology:
Deals with the study of articular system or joints.
Myology:
Deals with the study of muscular system i.e, fascia, tendons, synovial sheath and bursa.
Angiology:
It deals with heart, blood vessels, lymphnodes, lymph vessels and other lymphoid ortgans.
9. Neorology
• Neurology:
It deals with the study of:
1. Nervous system: CNS
Peripheral nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
2. Organs of skeletal senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste)
3. skin
