Human Anatomy and Physiology : Introduction Scope, Definition, branches of Anatomy and Physiology, PCI Syllabus, B. Pharmacy, BP101T

1. Session II 1
Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

2. Introduction to HAP
• Anatomy (Greek ana+tome, 'dissection') is the branch
of biology concerned with the study of the structure of
organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of
natural science which deals with the structural
organization of living things. It is an old science, having
its beginnings in prehistoric times.
• Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and
function of organisms and their parts respectively, make
a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often
studied together. Human anatomy is one of the
essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine.
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

3. History of Anatomy
The history of anatomy is characterized by a
progressive understanding of the functions of the
organs and structures of the human body. Methods
have also improved dramatically, advancing from the
examination of animals by dissection of carcasses
and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical
imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and
magnetic resonance imaging.
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

4. Scope of Anatomy
This subject is designed to impart
fundamental knowledge on the structure and
functions of the various systems of the human
body. It also helps in understanding both
homeostatic mechanisms. The subject provides
the basic knowledge required to understand the
various disciplines of pharmacy.
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

5. Scope of Physiology
It is the study of functions and mechanisms of
living organisms. It investigates how organisms,
organs, cells and bio-molecules carry out their
chemical and physical functions. Human physiology,
a specific branch of physiology, studies how our
cells, muscles and organs work together and interact.
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

6. Definition of Anatomy
Derived from the Greek anatome "dissection"
(from anatémno "I cut up, cut open" from ??? aná
"up", and témno "I cut"), anatomy is the scientific
study of the structure of organisms including their
systems, organs and tissues. It includes the
appearance and position of the various parts, the
materials from which they are composed, their
locations and their relationships with other parts.
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

7. Definition of Physiology
Physiology (from Ancient Greek (physis) 'nature,
origin', and (-logia) 'study of') is the scientific study of
functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a
sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how
organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells,
and bio-molecules carry out the chemical and physical
functions in a living system.
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

8. Branches of HAP
The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic
and microscopic. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross
anatomy, is the examination of an animal's body parts
using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes
the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic
anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the
study of the tissues of various structures, known as
histology, and also in the study of cells.
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

9. Branches of Anatomy
1. Embryology
2. Developmental biology
3. Histology
4. Surface anatomy
5. Radiographic anatomy
6. Pathological anatomy
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

10. Branches of Physiology
• Neurophysiology
• Endocrinology
• Cardiovascular physiology
• Immunology
• Respiratory physiology
• Renal physiology
• Exercise physiology
• Patho-physiology
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

11. Why study HAP
Basic understanding of both Anatomy and
Physiology is the minimum requirement for any
healthcare professional and Pharmacist is an integral
as well as important part of the healthcare delivery
team and so a pharmacist must have the basic
knowledge about these two subjects.
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS

12. Session 3 Topics
These are the topics we will discuss in the next
session of HAP. So come prepared.
• Levels of Structural Organization.
• Anatomical Nomenclature.
• Anatomical terms and their meaning
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Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik, MBBS