Basics of Anatomy.

1. HUMAN ANATOMY
Dr Priyanka (PT)
BPT,MPT(Neurological Disorders)
AssistantProfessor(SIMS, Dehradun)

2. UNIT 1:- General Anatomy
• Introduction of Anatomy
• Subdivisions of Anatomy
• Scope of Anatomy

3. Introduction:-
• Human Anatomy is the science that deals with the structure of the
human body.
• The term “Anatomy” is derived from the Greek word “Anatome”
meaning “cutting up”.
• The term “dissection” is a Latin equivalent of the Greek
“anatome”.However, these two words anatomy and dissection are not
synonymous as dissection is a technique whereas anatomy is a wide
field of study.
• Anatomy traditionally involves the dissection of organisms to observe
and understand their internal structures.

4. Divisions of Anatomy:-
Two main divisions:-
1. Gross Anatomy or Macroscopic Anatomy:-
• Branch of anatomy that deals with the study of structures visible to
the naked eye without the aid of magnification.
• It involves the examination of organs, tissues, and organ systems in
their full, tangible form.
• Traditionally, gross anatomy has also been taught through the
dissection of cadavers (human or animal bodies) to observe and
study the three-dimensional structures of organs and tissues.
Dissection allows to explore the relationships between different
structures and gain a hands-on understanding of the body's
organization.

5. Sub-divisions of Gross Anatomy:-
1.1) Surface Anatomy:- Branch of anatomy that focuses on the study of
the external features of the body and the relationships between the
underlying structures.
• It involves the examination and palpation (feeling with the hands) of
the body's surface to identify anatomical landmarks, muscle
contours, bony prominences, and other superficial structures.
• This knowledge is essential for various medical disciplines, including
clinical examination, surgery, and medical imaging.
1.2) Regional Anatomy:-study of specific regions of the body, such as
the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and limbs.
1.3) Systematic Anatomy:-the study of organ systems, such as the
cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems.
Systemic anatomy provides insights into how different organs work
together to maintain the overall function of the body.

6. 1.4) Clinical Anatomy:-
• Also known as Applied anatomy.
• Gross anatomy is crucial for medical professionals, as it forms
the basis for clinical practice.
• Understanding the spatial relationships between structures is
essential for accurate diagnosis, surgical procedures, and
medical interventions.

7. 2.)Microscopic Anatomy:-
Study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
It includes the examination of cells and tissues under a microscope.
• Cytology: The study of cells.
• Histology: The study of tissues.
Subdivisions of Microscopic Anatomy:
1.Cytology: Cytology is the study of cells, which are the basic structural
and functional units of living organisms. Microscopic examination
allows researchers to investigate cell structure, organelles, and cell
processes.
2.Histology: Study of tissues, which are groups of cells with similar
structure and function that work together to perform specific tasks.
Tissues can be broadly categorized into four types: epithelial,
connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

8. Scope of Anatomy
• Medical Field: Anatomy is fundamental to medical education. It provides the foundation for understanding the
structure of the human body, essential for medical professionals such as doctors, nurses, and surgeons.
• Research: Anatomical knowledge is crucial for researchers in fields like genetics, physiology, and pathology. It
helps in understanding the structure-function relationships and mechanisms underlying various biological
processes.
• Biomechanics: Understanding the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system is vital in fields like biomechanics,
where researchers study the mechanical aspects of living organisms.
• Paleontology: Comparative anatomy is used in paleontology to study the evolution of organisms over geological
time scales by comparing the anatomical structures of different species.
• Forensic Science: Anatomical knowledge is applied in forensic science for the identification of individuals based
on skeletal remains.
• Art and Animation: Anatomical knowledge is essential for artists and animators to create realistic
representations of the human body.
• Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation: Understanding the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system is critical for
physical therapists in designing effective rehabilitation programs.
• Sports Science: Anatomical knowledge is used in sports science to understand the biomechanics of movement,
injury prevention, and performance optimization.
• Biomedical Engineering: Anatomical information is crucial in the design and development of medical devices and
technologies.

9. Thank You