What is Human anatomy and Physiology. The different branches/scope and subspecialties.

1. Human anatomy and Physiology
AND
Scope
Sindhoora D
Assistant Professor
Dept.of.Pharmacology
SCP,Mangalore
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3. Human Anatomy
• Human Anatomy (ana- = “up”, tome = “to cut”) is often
defined as the study of structures in the human
body. Anatomy focuses on the description of form, or
how body structures at different levels look.
• Anatomy is the science of body structures and the relationship
among them.
• scientific study of the morphology of the adult human. It is
subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.
• Gross anatomy is the study of anatomical structures that can
be seen by unaided vision. Microscopic anatomy is the study
of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes.
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4. Human Physiology
• Physiology is the science of body functions-
how the body works.
• Physiology is the scientific study
of functions and mechanisms in a living
system.
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5. Scope/Branches/Subspecialties of
Anatomy
• Embryology:
The first 8 weeks of development after fertilization of human egg.
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6. • Developmental biology:
The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
• Cell biology:
Different cells in our body its structure, differentiation and its function.
• Histology:
The study of the tissues. The structure which cells it is made up of.
• Gross anatomy:
Structures that can be examined without microscope from naked eyes.
• Systemic anatomy:
Structures of specific system of body i.e study of the organs involve in
the particular system.
ex: nervous, respiratory system
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7. • Regional anatomy:
Specific regions of the body such as head and neck.
• Surface anatomy:
Surface marking of the body to understand internal anatomy
through visualisation and palpitation.
• Radiographic anatomy:
Body structures visualised with X-rays.
• Pathological anatomy:
Structural changes associated with disease.
Ex: Histopathological changes in kidney in diabetes.
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8. Scope/Branches/Subspecialties of
Physiology
• Neurophysiology
Functional properties of nerve cell.
• Endocrinology:
Hormones and how they are controls the body functions.
• Cardiovascular physiology:
Functions of the heart and blood vessels.
• Immunology:
The body's defenses against disease causing microorganisms.
• Respiratory physiology:
Functions of the air passage and lung's.
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9. • Renal physiology:
Functions of the kidneys.
• Exercise physiology:
Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity.
• Pathophysiology:
Changes in the certain organ function associated with disease
and aging.
Ex: changes in kidney function in diabetic condition.
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