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Nematodes
The document discusses various nematodes that can infect humans such as Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis, describing their characteristics, life cycles, and diagnostic methods. It also outlines techniques for diagnosing nematode infections from stool samples, including the Kato-Katz method, concentration techniques like acid ether concentration, and culture methods like Harada Mori.
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Nematodes
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- 2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OFNEMATODES They assume three basic morphologic forms: Egg, Larvae and Adult worms Reproduce sexually with male and female worms Complete digestive tract and complete reproductive systems
- 3. TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION Intestinal Species E. vermicularis T. trichura N. americanus A. duodenale Phylum A. lumbricoides Class S. stercoralis Nemathelminthes Nematoda Intestinal- Tissue Species T. spiralis D. medinensis
- 4. ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES Ascaris lumbricoides Common Name Giant Intestinal Roundworm Infective Stage Embryonated Egg Habitat Small Intestine Mode of Transmission Ingestion of contaminated food/ water Diagnostic Specimen Feces
- 5. ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES 2 A. lumbricoides Adult worms
- 6. ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS Enterobius vermicularis Common Name Pinworm Infective Stage Embryonated Egg Habitat Large Intestine Mode of Transmission Ingestion of egg/ autoinfection Diagnostic Specimen Feces/ Cellophane Tape prep
- 7. TRICHURIS TRICHURA Trichuris trichura Common Name Whipworm Infective Stage Embryonated Egg Habitat Large Intestine Mode of Transmission Ingestion of egg via contaminated food/ water Diagnostic Specimen Feces
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- 9. NECATOR AMERICANUS ANDANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale Common Name Hookworm Infective Stage Third Stage Filariform Larvae Habitat Small Intestine Mode of Transmission Skin Penetration of Infective Larvae Diagnostic Specimen Feces
- 10. HOOKWORMS 2 A. duodenale N. americanus
- 11. STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS Strongyloides stercoralis Common Name Threadworm Infective Stage Third Stage Filariform Larvae Habitat duodenum and upper jejunum Mode of Transmission Skin Penetration of Infective Larvae/ autoinfection Diagnostic Specimen Feces
- 12. TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS Trichinella spiralis Common Name Trichinia worm Infective Stage Encysted Larvae Habitat Striated muscle tissue Mode of Transmission Ingestion of raw/ undercooked contaminated meat Diagnostic Specimen skeletal muscle biopsy/ Blood (LDH, Aldolase, CPK, eo ct)
- 13. CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS Capillaria philippinensis Common Name NA Infective Stage Encysted Larvae Habitat Small Intestine Mode of Transmission Ingestion of raw/ undercooked contaminated fish Diagnostic Specimen Feces
- 14. THE FILARIAE- GENERALCHARACTERISTICS Two morphologic forms: Adult worms and Microfilariae Adult worms are usually creamy white and assume a filariform shape Have both male and female forms Females lay live microfliariae Require arthropod vectors Exhibit periodicity (Nocturnal/ diurnal)
- 15. WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI Wuchereria bancrofti Common Name Bancroft's Filaria Infective Stage L3 Larva Habitat Lymphatics and blood Mode of Transmission Bite from infected mosquito (Culex, Aedes or Anopheles) Diagnostic Specimen Giemsa stained smear (collected at night)/ Knott's Technique
- 16. BRUGIA MALAYI Brugia malayi Common Name Malayan Filaria Infective Stage L3 Larva Habitat Lymphatics and Blood Bite from infected mosquito ( Anopheles, Aedes, Mansonia, Mode of Transmission Amigeres) Diagnostic Specimen Giemsa stained smear (collected at night)/ Knott's Technique
- 17. WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI V.S.BRUGIA MALAYI Distinguishing Wuchereria Brugia malayi Characteristics bancrofti Sheath in Giemsa unstained Pink Nuclei Regularly spaced, Irregularly spaced separately situated and overlapping Tail none Single row of nuclei that reach tail’s end Terminal Nuclei None 2 nuclei, which bulge the cuticle; conspicuously placed Appearance in Blood Smoothly curved Kinky film
- 18. LOA LOA Loa loa Common Name African Eye Worm Infective Stage L3 Larva Habitat Subcutaneous tissue, the eye and bridge of nose Mode of Transmission Bite from infected Chrysops silacea or C. dimidiata (Deer Fly) Diagnostic Giemsa stained smear (collected at midday 10:15to 2:15)/ Knott's Specimen Technique
- 19. ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS Onchocerca volvulus Common Name Blinding Filaria Infective Stage L3 Larva Habitat Subcutaneous tissue, nodules and eyes Mode of Transmission Bite from infected Simulium Blackfly Diagnostic Specimen Giemsa stained smear of skin snips
- 20. MANSONELLA OZZARDI ANDMANSONELLA PERSTANS Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans Common Name Ozzard's Filaria and Perstans Filaria Infective Stage L3 Larva Habitat Blood and various tissue Mode of Transmission Bite from infected Simulium Blackfly or Culicoides (sucking midge fly) Diagnostic Specimen Fresh Giemsa stained blood smear
- 21. Long Quiz nextmeeting? The End
- 22. PART 2: KATO-KATZ,KATO-THICK AND CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES
- 23. KATO KATZ TECHNIQUE Step 2 Step 1
- 24. KATO-KATZ TECHNIQUE CONT’D Step 3
- 25. KATO-KATZ TECHNIQUE CONT’D Step 4 Step 5
- 26. KATO-KATZ TECHNIQUE CONT’D Step 6
- 27. KATO-KATZ TECHNIQUE CONT’D Step 7
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- 29. CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUES Flotation Sedimentation Techniques Techniques Acid Ether Concentration Zinc Sulfate FT Technique Sheather’s Sugar Formalin-Ether CT FT Brine Flotation T
- 30. FORMALIN- ETHER CONCENTRATIONTECHNIQUE (FECT) Ethyl Acetate Plug of debris Formalin Sediment
- 31. ACID ETHER CONCENTRATIONTECHNIQUE (AECT) Ethyl Acetate Plug of debris HCl Sediment
- 32. ZINC SULFATE FLOTATIONTECHNIQUE Floating Material Zinc Sulfate Sol’n
- 33. HARADA MORI CULTURE Culture Tube Strip of filter paper Smear of Feces water