Report on Planning & scheduling of a Minor bridge

1
Project Report on
PLANNING & SCHEDULING OF MINOR BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
BY USING MS PROJECT 2016
By
Mr. Kundan Sahadev Sanap
(202030016)
M. Tech (Construction Management)
2020 - 2021
Guided by
Prof. (Dr.) Megha Sharma
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute
(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Mumbai 400 019
2020 – 2021

2
STATEMENT BY THE CANDIDATE
We wish to state that the work embodied in this report titled “PLANNING & SCHEDULING
OF MINOR BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION USING MS PROJECT 2016” forms my
contribution to the work carried out under the guidance of Prof. (DR.) Megha Sharma at the
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute. This work has not submitted for any other degree
or diploma of any university/ institute. Wherever references have been made to previous works
of others, it has been clearly indicated.
Signature of the Candidate
MR. KUNDAN S. SANAP
(202030016)

3
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that MR. KUNDAN S. SANAP (202030016) the student of M-Tech
(Construction Management) Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai have
Successfully completed the project entitled “PLANNING & SCHEDULING OF MINOR
BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION USING MS PROJECT 2016” During the academic year
2020-2021, Under the guidance of Prof.(Dr.) Megha Sharma.
Prof. (Dr.) Megha Sharma Prof. (Dr.) P. P. Bhave
(Course Instructor) Professor & Head
Civil & Environmental
Engineering Department

4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is obvious that the development of project needs the support of many people.
Getting idea of analyzing a project, finalizing it as best one for me and above all developing it
successfully always is a job more than dozens of people. It is great pleasure for me to
acknowledge the assistance and contribution of my own effort. I had always been grateful for
the support that I got from all my surroundings with respect knowledge and support.
I am very grateful to my Parents who have always being supportive of the
strange new twist and turns our life has taken. They are the one who have been the pioneer of
success and achievement in life and of course they have supported us rather directly or
indirectly in developing our project.
I sincerely acknowledge to my project guide Prof. (Dr.) Megha Sharma whose
continuous encouragement and support enabled the project to materialized and contributed to
its success.
Finally, I thankful to all my Friends for their constant inspiration, support and
encouragement.
MR. KUNDAN S. SANAP
(202030016)

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ABSTRACT
The scope of our project includes planning and scheduling Minor Bridge been constructed on
Laddowal Bypass linking NH-95 to NH-01. Under the project we have covered all the aspects
of construction of major-minor concrete components included in minor bridge structure. The
working criterion includes resource identification, resource allocation, work rate of each
activity, and duration allocation.
This project employs MS Project as the working software for the resource allocation & leveling
purpose. All the dimensions have been considered from the drawings of the bridge.
The conclusion of the project evaluates the time required for the completion of the actual
project and also asses the right amount of resources required to complete every activity in the
procedure.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 General………………………………………….……………………………..10
1.2 Objective of study………...…………....……………………………………...10
Chapter 2
Literature review
2.1 General…………...……………………………………………………….....12
2.2 Planning and Scheduling...………………………………………………..... 12
2.3 Bridge Construction Project………………………………………………....12
2.4 Importance of Planning & Scheduling……………………………………....13
Chapter 3
Methodology
3.1 General …….………………………………….................................………..15
3.2 Description of the sample Bridge.………………………………...………….15
3.3 Work Breakdown Structure……………………………………………….….15
3.4 Drawings of the sample Bridge Construction Project…………………….….17
3.5 Identifying Activity Process for the Construction of the Sample Bridge…....18
3.6 Activity Dependencies of Minor Bridge……………………………………..19
Chapter 4
Calculations on MS Project
4.1 General...……………………………………………......................................23
4.2 Resource Management.……………..………………………………….…….23
4.3 Duration of the activity……………………………….………………...........23
4.4 Gantt chart of the sample Bridge Construction Project ..……..…………......24
4.5 CPM Network Diagram of Minor Bridge Construction Project…………......26
4.6 Resource Allocation & Levelling…………………………………………....27

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Chapter 5
5.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………28
References

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List of Figures
Figure Description Page
No
3.1 Work Breakdown Structure of Sample Bridge Construction Project 16
3.2 Sectional Elevation of the Bridge 17
3.3 Cross Section of the Bridge 17
3.4 Sectional Elevation of Abutment 18
4.1 Gantt Chart of Minor Bridge Structure 25
4.2 CPM Network diagram of Minor Bridge Construction 26

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List of Tables
Figure Description Page
No
3.1 Activity Dependencies of Minor Bridge 19
4.1 Resources & their Availability 27

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Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 General
Nowadays construction industry has been identified as a competitive business and several
involved companies in this industry attempted to develop their required technologies
significantly. Construction industry refers to the application of arts and sciences in the
construction sites and it has been considered as an art in the construction sites rather than
a single science, additionally it refers to the design, construction operations and finally
project managements
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath
such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the
obstacle, usually something that can be detrimental to cross otherwise.
Proper Planning & Scheduling for bridge construction is required as it has huge impact
on life of people. Social, scientific and technological dimensions for bridge construction
must be considered. The decision of providing a bridge across any barrier is to facilitate
the community residing on either side of the project. Some major bridges bring benefits
to the whole country.
Planning & Scheduling is one of the skills essential for good construction project
management. It is important to do scheduling right for two main reasons. Firstly, Proper
Scheduling drive the setting of deadlines for delivery and planning of projects, and hence
will impact on other people’s assessment of your reliability and competence as a project
manager. Moreover, planning & scheduling often determine the Resources and hence the
profitability of the contract/project in commercial terms.
Microsoft Project 2016 is Project management software which has the capacity to plan,
organize, and manage resource tools and develop resource estimates. Depending on the
sophistication of the software, it can manage planning, scheduling, cost control and
budget management, resource allocation, collaboration software, communication,
decision making, quality management and documentation or administration system
The remainder of the paper has been organized as follows: in section two Literature
review will be presented, in section three Bridge & its different types will be explained,
in section four Cantilever bridge and its different methods of construction will be
presented, and in section five a detailed case study on Wilson Creep Bridge will be
discussed and finally in section six conclusion of the study will be mentioned.

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1.2 Objective of study
This study discusses about the Planning and Scheduling of a Minor Bridge Structure been
constructed on Laddowal Bypass linking NH-95 to NH-01.
In this study, I have taken that Minor Bridge structure as an example and completed its
planning & scheduling with the help of MS Project 2016. In this report, I have prepared
work breakdown structure (WBS) of Minor Bridge. Assigned the activities with their
respective duration and predecessors for each of them. Further, the activities are assigned
by the resources i.e. resource allocation and then its levelling.
The report is attached with the prepared Gantt chart and the network diagram showing
Critical path of the Minor Bridge structure.

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Chapter 2
Literature review
2.1 General
This chapter reviews the nature of planning & scheduling, the construction of bridge,
project life cycle and the critical path method. The advantages of using Microsoft Project
2016 can ease the project planning & its scheduling.
2.2 Planning and Scheduling
Planning for bridge construction is required as it has huge impact on life of people. Social,
scientific and technological dimensions for bridge construction must be considered. The
decision of providing a bridge across any barrier is to facilitate the community residing on
either side of the project.
Scheduling basically means determining the interrelationship of various activities of a
project. The activities are first listed out and then their duration is estimated on the basis
of past experiences. The activities in which the duration cannot be precisely estimated,
such as for research work cannot be used in these softwares. The resources are first made
and their cost per shift is specified, then these are allocated to the listed activities. The
resources can be men, material or money. Whenever the project is updated by reviewing
the work on the site, a baseline has to be created to as to update the progress of the work
up to the given date.
2.3 Bridge Construction Project
The project management procedures of the construction of a road contain five phases
namely, feasibility phase, design phase, tender phase, construction phase, and operation
and maintenance phase, but in this report, we are going to talk about its construction phase
only.
Construction Phase
The fourth phase of bridge construction project life cycle is the construction 7 phase. This
phase contains the following activities:
1. Construction management,
2. Quality, environmental and safety management,
3. Construction risk management,

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4. Interface coordination,
5. Program and budget control,
6. Site supervision, and
7. Contract and claims management
2.4 Importance of Planning & Scheduling
However, in real project life, a time schedule needs to be adjusted continuously. This is
when the use of specialized tools quickly brings out their advantage. These tools (see
External links below) are project management tools in their own right with an emphasis on
the ability to present the time schedule as time– distance diagram. Activities can be edited
using project management terminology plus all drawing attributes for the activity's shape.
Special features allow dependency links (with lags), complex scaling, access conflict
detection, resource-dependent progress, and more. Most often, such tools provide various
interfaces to other project management software, at least to import and export activity
information. Complex systems (such as Time Chainage, DynaRoad, TILOS or Time
Location Plus) even integrate into commonly used project management software
(Primavera, Microsoft Project, Asta Powerproject).
Proper planning and scheduling are needed to ensure that a construction project is
completed on time and within budget. A well-planned construction schedule not only helps
in outlining the pace of work but also how the work will get done. The schedule helps in
defining the methods and sequence in which the materials are going to be put in place.
Preparing a construction schedule is not an easy job as the scheduler needs to think of many
elements to design the right schedule.
The scheduler needs to take into account overall scope of work as well as connections
between different components to create a construction schedule that works for everyone.
A well-designed HSEcontractors.com construction scheduling helps in maximizing
efficiency and productivity. Here is a list of some of the major benefits of making a
construction schedule before the work begins.
One of the biggest advantages of preparing a construction schedule from HSE
contractors.com before beginning the construction work. It gets fewer surprises down the
road as everything is outlined in great detail in the schedule. Creating a schedule allows to
have complete control over all of the projects and it will enable to plan the business
operations down to the lowest level.
Another advantage of scheduling is that it allows to maximize quality control measures as
it can properly sequence the work and make sure the right quality and quantity of material
are used at each step. It also helps with the planning of various resources including
equipment and labor, among other things. A big construction project requires a lot of

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building materials which means and can use a schedule to buy the right materials at the
right time allowing it to complete the project on time. Data sheets and other types of
drawings in time to complete the project and a schedule allows to do the same with ease
and efficiency.
Proper construction scheduling also allows you to give time to various parties including
the clients, designers, vendors as well as subcontractors so they can better plan their
activities. Safety is a big concern in any construction project and planning all the activities
with the help of a schedule allows to improve safety performance and ensure proper
protection for all the workers at the construction site. Proper scheduling also allows to save
money as the activities that need to be done during cold weather allowing to put pricing
protection measures in place. A proper scheduling system also helps the achieve high
efficiency and complete the project in a reasonable time frame.
As far as scheduling for construction projects is concerned, there are several tools available
today that allow to create personalized schedules. Here is a list of some of the most
common techniques used by builders and contractors depending on their requirements and
difficulties. One of the simplest ways to generate construction 11 scheduling is bar charts.
Bar charts are widely used as these are extremely simple and can be adapted in multiple
ways. A bar chart can be created by specifying the start date, expected time taken for the
activity, completion date as well as the list of activities, and these are then plotted on the
timescale for the project. As far as the details are concerned, it will depend on the
complexity of the project as well as the intended use. There are several variations of bar
charts that are used for creating a schedule. Overall, bar charts are extremely useful and
widely used for determining the resources needed for a particular project.
Another common scheduling technique used in the construction industry is the critical path
method. In this technique, all the activities are linked to past and future activities. This
technique helps in determining the projected start date for a particular activity in order to
avoid. Similarly, there are several other techniques that are used in the construction
industry including the line of balance scheduling and Q scheduling among other things.
Overall, proper scheduling in a construction project offers many benefits. There are several
software systems available in the market today to help you prepare a proper construction
schedule and outline all the needed activities in order to complete the project on time and
without going over budget. So, do your research and pick up a construction scheduling tool
to help you take your business to the next level.

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Chapter 3
Methodology
3.1 General
This study is aimed to show the planning & scheduling of a bridge construction project.
The descriptions of the sample bridge, the sample project organization and the work
breakdown structure of the sample bridge are included in this chapter.
The bridge is 30 meters in length. It is a reinforced concrete girder and floor type with 9.5
meters wide two-lane motor road and 1.5 meters wide walkways on it.
The construction of approach slab is also considered. The work breakdown structure of the
construction activities are also shown. CPM calculations are done by Microsoft Project
2016.
3.2 Description of the sample Bridge
In this study, a typical bridge construction is considered as a hypothetical project. The
descriptions for the typical bridge are as follows.
1. Type of Bridge: Reinforced concrete girder and floor
2. Length of Bridge: 30 Mtr (without expansion joint)
3. Expansion Joint: 4 No
4. Width of Bridge: 2 ways 11 Mtr each.
5. Formation Width: 9.5 Mtr (3 lanes) with 1.5 Mtr walkways on both sides
6. Estimated Project Start Date: 7 th April, 2021
7. Estimated Project End Date: 24 th November, 2021
8. Estimated Duration: 172 days
3.3 Work Breakdown Structure
Work breakdown structure (WBS) in project management is a method for completing a
complex, multi-step project. It's a way to divide and conquer large projects to get things
done faster and more efficiently.
The goal of a WBS is to make a large project more manageable. Breaking it down into
smaller chunks means work can be done simultaneously by different team members,
leading to better team productivity and easier project management.

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Fig.3.1 Work Breakdown Structure of the Sample Bridge Construction Project
Bridge
Construction
Survey
Work
C&G Substructure
Foundation
Abutment
Abutment
Cap
Superstructure
Dirt
wall
Girder
Pedestal
Cross
girders
Deck
slab
Approach
slab
Retaining
wall
Crash
Barrier
Wearing
Coat
Project Handover

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3.4. Drawings for the Sample Bridge Construction Project
Fig. 3.2 Sectional Elevation of the Bridge
Fig. 3.3 Cross Section of Bridge

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Fig. 3.4 Sectional Elevation of Abutment
3.5. Identifying Activity Process for the Construction of the Sample Bridge
Work Process for Construction of the Main Bridge
The foremost thing to be done in the construction project is to identify the activities of the
project. The construction of the bridge has to be undertaken.
There are 13 main activities in the construction of a bridge. Those activities are as follow:
1. Construction of Pile foundation,
2. Construction of Abutment
3. Construction of Abutment cap
4. Construction of Dirt wall, Pedestal
5. Construction and Erection of 30 Mtr long reinforced concrete girder for two spans from
A1 LHS to A2 LHS and A1 RHS to A2 RHS
6. Construction of Intermediate and End cross girders i.e. Diaphragm
7. Construction of Deck slab
8. Construction of Retaining wall
9. Construction of Approach slab
10. Construction of Crash Barrier
11. Construction of Wearing Coat

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3.6 Activity Dependencies for the Minor Bridge
Sr.
No.
Task Name Duration WBS Predecessors
1 Minor Bridge Construction 169 days 1
2 Survey work 1 day 1.1
3 Cleaning& Grubbing 1 day 1.1.1
4 Substructure 113 days 1.2
5 Foundation 113 days 1.2.1
6 Excavation 4 days 1.2.1.1 3
7 Back filling 4 days 1.2.1.2 151
8 piling 53 days 1.2.1.3
9 pile cap 1st 26 days 1.2.1.3.1
10 driving the hole for piles 8 days 1.2.1.3.1.1 6
11 cutting& binding the steel frame 5 days 1.2.1.3.1.2 3
12 concreting 8 days 1.2.1.3.1.3 6FS+1 day
13 pile chipping 2 days 1.2.1.3.1.4 12FS+4 days
14 pcc for pile cap 1 day 1.2.1.3.1.5 13
15 Cutting, binding and shuttering 6 days 1.2.1.3.1.6 14SS
16 pile cap concreting 1 day 1.2.1.3.1.7 15
17 pile cap 2nd 26 days 1.2.1.3.2
19 cutting& binding the steel frame 5 days 1.2.1.3.2.2 11FS+3 days
20 concreting 8 days 1.2.1.3.2.3 18SS+1 day,19
25 pile cap 3rd 29 days 1.2.1.3.3
28 concreting 8 days 1.2.1.3.3.3 27,26SS+1 day
33 pile cap 4th 28 days 1.2.1.3.4
36 concreting 8 days 1.2.1.3.4.3 34SS+1 day,35

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Sr.
No.
41 Abutment 46 days 1.2.2
42 Abutment 1st 18 days 1.2.2.1
43 cutting, binding& fixing the steel 6 days 1.2.2.1.1 16FS+3 days
44 fixing the shuttering 1st lift 3 days 1.2.2.1.2 43
45 concreting 1 day 1.2.2.1.3 44
46 fixing the shuttering 2nd lift 3 days 1.2.2.1.4 45FS+4 days
48 Abutment 2nd 18 days 1.2.2.2
54 Abutment 3rd 18 days 1.2.2.3
60 Abutment 4th 18 days 1.2.2.4
66 Abutment Cap 36 days 1.2.3
67 Abutment Cap 1st 8 days 1.2.3.1
68 binding the steel 5 days 1.2.3.1.1 47FS+4 days
69 fixing the shuttering 2 days 1.2.3.1.2 68
71 Abutment Cap 2nd 8 days 1.2.3.2
75 Abutment Cap 3rd 8 days 1.2.3.3
79 Abutment Cap 4th 8 days 1.2.3.4

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Sr.
No.
83 Superstructure 126 days 1.3
84 Dirt wall 26 days 1.3.1
85 Dirt wall- A1 6 days 1.3.1.1
86 binding the steel- a1 3 days 1.3.1.1.1 74FS+4 days
87 fixing the shuttering- a1 2 days 1.3.1.1.2 86
88 concreting- a1 1 day 1.3.1.1.3 87
89 Dirt wall- A2 6 days 1.3.1.2
90 binding the steel- a2 3 days 1.3.1.2.1 82FS+4 days
91 fixing the shuttering- a2 2 days 1.3.1.2.2 90
92 concreting- a2 1 day 1.3.1.2.3 91
93 Girders 54 days 1.3.2
94 Girder- LHS 46 days 1.3.2.1
95 girder bed pcc 2 days 1.3.2.1.1 32SS-3 days
96 cutting, binding& fixing the steel 15 days 1.3.2.1.2 95
98 concreting 4 days 1.3.2.1.4 97
99 launching of girders 2 days 1.3.2.1.5 108
100 Girder- RHS 45 days 1.3.2.2
101 girder bed pcc 2 days 1.3.2.2.1 40FS-3 days
102 cutting, binding& fixing the steel 15 days 1.3.2.2.2 101
105 launching of girders 2 days 1.3.2.2.5 112
106 Pedestal 15 days 1.3.3
107 Pedestal lhs 7 days 1.3.3.1
108 stool making & bearing fixig- lhs 2 days 1.3.3.1.1 78FS+4 days
109 shuttering fixing- 2 days 1.3.3.1.2 99
110 concreting 1 day 1.3.3.1.3 109
111 Pedestal rhs 7 days 1.3.3.2
112 stool making & bearing fixig- lhs 2 days 1.3.3.2.1 82FS+4 days
113 shuttering fixing 2 days 1.3.3.2.2 105
114 concreting 1 day 1.3.3.2.3 113
115 Cross girders 45 days 1.3.4
116 Cross girders lhs 39 days 1.3.4.1
117 steel binding& fixing 21 days 1.3.4.1.1 110FS+4 days
120 Cross girders rhs 39 days 1.3.4.2

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Sr. No. Task Name Duration WBS Predecessors
124 Deck slab 17 days 1.3.5
125 Deck slab- lhs 14 days 1.3.5.1
126 bottom shuttering 5 days 1.3.5.1.1 119
127 steel cutting, fixing& binding 7 days 1.3.5.1.2 126FS-1 day
128 side shuttering fixing 2 days 1.3.5.1.3 127
129 concreting 1 day 1.3.5.1.4 128
130 Deck slab- rhs 14 days 1.3.5.2
131 bottom shuttering 5 days 1.3.5.2.1 122
132 steel cutting, fixing& binding 7 days 1.3.5.2.2 131FS-1 day
133 side shuttering fixing 2 days 1.3.5.2.3 132
134 concreting 1 day 1.3.5.2.4 133
135 Approach slab 3 days 1.3.6
136 Approach slab-A1 3 days 1.3.6.1
137 steel& shuttering 2 days 1.3.6.1.1 7,88
138 Concreting 1 day 1.3.6.1.2 137
139 Approach slab-A2 3 days 1.3.6.2
140 steel& shuttering 2 days 1.3.6.2.1 7,92
141 Concreting 1 day 1.3.6.2.2 140
142 Retaining wall 34 days 1.3.7
143 base steel binding 4 days 1.3.7.1 65
144 base shuttering& concreting 3 days 1.3.7.2 143
145 stem steel cutting, binding& fixing 7 days 1.3.7.3 144FS+5 days
146 stem shuttering 1st lift 2 days 1.3.7.4 145
147 Concreting 1 day 1.3.7.5 146
148 stem shuttering 2nd lift 2 days 1.3.7.6 146FS+4 days
150 stem shuttering 3rd lift 2 days 1.3.7.8 148FS+4 days
152 Crash Barrier 7 days 1.3.8
153 On Slab lhs 4 days 1.3.8.1
155 shuttering fixing 2 days 1.3.8.1.2 154SS+1 day
156 concreting 2 days 1.3.8.1.3 155SS+1 day
157 On Slab rhs 4 days 1.3.8.2
159 shuttering fixing 2 days 1.3.8.2.2 158SS+1 day
160 concreting 2 days 1.3.8.2.3 159SS+1 day
161 Wearing Coat 5 days 1.3.9
162 On Slab lhs 2 days 1.3.9.1 156FS+4 days
163 On Slab rhs 2 days 1.3.9.2 160FS+4 days
164 Project Handover 1 day 1.4 163

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Chapter 4
Calculations on MS Project
4.1 General
This bridge construction project is estimated to take 169 days to complete. However, this
amount of time can be lesser or more depending on the availability of resources such as
skillful labor, materials and equipment.
4.2 Resource Management
Resource management is the process by which businesses manage their various resources
effectively. Those resources can be intangible – people and time – and tangible –
equipment, materials, and finances
It involves planning so that the right resources are assigned to the right tasks. Managing
resources involves schedules and budgets for people, projects, equipment, and supplies.the
resources provided for the completion of this project are as follows:
1. Project Manager
2. Site Supervisor
3. Structural Consultant
4. Material Manager
5. Engineer
6. Geotechnical Consultant
7. Quality Checker
8. Excavation Contractor
9. Labour Contractor
10. Pile Contractor
11. Machinery Contractor
12. Launching Contractor
4.3 Duration of the activity
Duration of the activities is determined by considering the average completion of work in
a day which is readily available on internet. Other than that, the industry experience also
helped in that approach to allocate the duration to activities.

24
4.4 Gantt Charts for the Sample Bridge Construction Project
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart, showing activities (tasks or events) displayed against
time. A table on the left contains a list of the activities, at the top a time scale is displayed.
Each activity is visualized by a bar, illustrating start and end date and duration of each
activity by the bar’s position and length. They are the ideal tool for visualizing all kinds of
time and resource oriented planning data.
In MS project I input these activities and their respective resources with duration, taking
into consideration the constraints and predecessors for each activity. The MS project
automatically give the output in form of Gantt chart graphically.

25
Fig. 4.1 Gantt chart of Minor Bridge Construction

26
4.5 Network Diagram of Minor Bridge Construction Project (Showing Critical Path)
Fig.4.2 CPM Network diagram of Minor Bridge Construction

27
4.6 Resource Allocation & Levelling
These are the resources as mentioned in the report that are allocated to certain activities in the
Gantt chart. Allocation is done after discussing it with the industry people who have the field
experience for such Infrastructure Projects.
The standard rates of these resources are also taken as per the salary of employees, whereas
for the contractors, it is determined by considering average monthly Running Bill amount.
The availability of resources is subjective, so in this case, for the sake of levelling the
resources, the no’s of resources are assumed to be the maximum i.e. as same as the required
resources.
Sr.
No.
Resource Name Type Initials
Max.
Units
Std. Rate
1 Project manager Work P 100% ₹ 450.00/hr
2 site supervisor Work SS 600% ₹ 65.00/hr
3 structural Consultant Work SC 400% ₹ 210.00/hr
4 Material Manager Work M 600% ₹ 210.00/hr
5 Engineer Work E 600% ₹ 105.00/hr
6 Geotechnical Consultant Work G 100% ₹ 210.00/hr
7 Quality Checker Work Q 600% ₹ 145.00/hr
8 Excavation Contractor Work E 100% ₹ 350.00/hr
9 Labour Contractor Work B 600% ₹ 3,000.00/hr
10 Pile Contractor Work P 200% ₹ 400.00/hr
11 machinery Contractor Work m 400% ₹ 250.00/hr
12 Launching Contractor Work L 100% ₹ 500.00/hr
Table.4.1 Resources & their Availability

28
Chapter 5
5.1 Conclusion
The process of planning primarily deals with selecting the appropriate policies and
procedures in order to achieve the objectives of the project. Scheduling converts the project
action plans for scope, time cost and quality into an operating timetable.
Projects can risk incurring unnecessary costs and delays as a result of ineffective time
management, either by failing to allow for the full complexity of a project, or by failing to
effectively manage scheduled work or unexpected events. On large projects, the client may
appoint a program consultant to prepare a detailed program for the project including an
outline program for construction if a contractor has not been appointed. Once the contractor
is appointed, they will take responsibility for programming the construction works, but the
program consultant may continue to develop an overall program for the client.
During the planning stage, all work activities should be properly understood, and planned
in detail to optimize the allocation of resources and reduce the potential for ‘unknowns’.
Estimates can then be made of how long each activity will take. This is critical to the setting
of milestones and deadlines, for allocation of resources, and for determining the pricing of
contracts and cash flow requirements.
In this study, the construction project planning & scheduling of a minor bridge construction
project was demonstrated using critical path method (CPM). A critical path is a sequence
of tasks that must be finished before the project can be finished and in some cases a task
must be finished before the next dependent one can start, so if a task cannot be finished on
time, then the whole project will take longer to the same extent.
The critical path method is an incredibly common and powerful tool used across the
construction industry today. But with that in mind, it must be remembered that it is only as
powerful as the data entered into it. If estimations are off, if resources are not calculated
correctly, the entire project may fail.

29
References
1. Planning & Scheduling of Highway Construction Project (4/6 Laning of Rewa-
Jabalpur Section of Nh-7 From Chainage from 242.3 To 438.5) Using MS Project by
Department of Civil Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology
Waknaghat, Solan (Hp).

Report on Planning & scheduling of a Minor bridge

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