Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
A RCC bridge is a monolithic structure that is poured in place. Forms are placed, the reinforcing steel is placed into the forms and a concrete mix is poured into the forms. The rebar extends beyond the form to allow connection to the next section to be poured. In a PSC structure the elements are precast either in a yard or onsite. They are cast with longitudinal holes to allow the prestressing strands to be extended between them. These strands use their tension to pull the units together and to act as reinforcement by prestreeing the entirety of the structure to make it stronger.
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
A RCC bridge is a monolithic structure that is poured in place. Forms are placed, the reinforcing steel is placed into the forms and a concrete mix is poured into the forms. The rebar extends beyond the form to allow connection to the next section to be poured. In a PSC structure the elements are precast either in a yard or onsite. They are cast with longitudinal holes to allow the prestressing strands to be extended between them. These strands use their tension to pull the units together and to act as reinforcement by prestreeing the entirety of the structure to make it stronger.
Grillage Analysis of T-Beam bridge, Box culvert and their Limit State Design; components of Bridges and loads acting on bridges are presented in this slide.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
Collapse propagation in bridge structures. A semi-analytical modelDCEE2017
Michele Brun.
We consider the advance of a transition flexural wave through a beam-like periodically supported slender structure. The
collapse of a bridge structure is modeled as a steady-state propagation of a transition wave within a slender structure. The problem is
governed by fourth-order partial differential equations and both propagating and evanescent waves are included in the general solution. It is
shown that the problem can be expressed within a class of functional equations of the Wiener-Hopf type . Three different propagation
regimes are found: subsonic, intersonic and supersonic and it is shown that propagation is restricted to the intersonic regime where part of the
energy is released to the damaged structure.
Applications to the study of the collapse of the San Saba bridge in Texas shows the validity of the model.
Bridge Engineering and Extreme Events: Wind effects on bridge decks Julianne Crawford
Following a series of catastrophic bridge failures, the adverse effects of wind loading on bridges has become a widely discussed topic in the realm of bridge design and research. Currently however, the majority of research focuses on the contribution of wind in long span bridge design. This is primarily because long span bridges have a greater inherent tendency to become aerodynamically unstable. Nonetheless, wind can also contribute to the shear and moment of short span bridges, thereby influencing the limit state of various components in these short span bridge systems. To narrow this scope, the following presentation focuses specifically on the contributions of wind to the shear and moment of slab and girder bridge decks. These contributions are quantified by a model that calculates the shear and moment due to wind loads for a number of variable parameters including angle of impact, bridge height, span length, and deck thickness. Ultimately, it is found that angle of attack has the greatest impact on moment, while span length has the greatest impact on shear about center span.
Shear, bond bearing,camber & deflection in prestressed concreteMAHFUZUR RAHMAN
This Presentation was presented as a partial fulfillment of Prestressed Concrete Design Lab Course. Behavior & Design of Prestress on above topic is shortly discussed on the presentation. The part "Shear & Shear Design in Prestressed" Concrete was prepared by me. Other topics were prepared by other members of my group. Thanks to all my teachers & friends who helped us in different stages during preparation of the total presentation.
Bridges: Classification of bridges – with respect to construction
materials, structural behavior of super structure, span, sub structure,
purpose. Temporary and movable bridges. Factors affecting site
selection. Various loads/stresses acting on bridges. Bridge hydrology –
design discharge, water way, afflux, scour depth, economical span.
Bridge components – foundation, piers, abutments, wing wall, approach,
bearings, floor, girders, cables, suspenders. Methods of erection of
different types of bridges. River training works and maintenance of
bridges. Testing and strengthening of bridges. Bridge architect.
Design and Analysis of a Girder Bridge for Highway Structures Using Sap 2000ijtsrd
In this study, a comparative study supported two differing types of bridges i.e. Deck type and Pre stressed deck type using finite element analysis in SAP 2000 is ready , considering same loading class 70 R as per I.R.C. loading. During this study well also prepare a price analysis of both the structures using S.O.R. C.P.W.D. 2014. This sort of bridges is more preferred when it involves connectivity to short distances. So, its necessary to update the analysis and style methods. Here, during this paper, theres an effort to review the comparison of maximum bending moment thanks to super load during a girder and slab bridge an equivalent bridge is analyzed as a three dimensional model in finite element software as SAP2000, apply an equivalent loading finished conventional methods and compared the results. The utmost bending moment results obtained from finite element model. Nitin Singh Raghuwanshi | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar "Design and Analysis of a Girder Bridge for Highway Structures Using Sap 2000" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47575.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47575/design-and-analysis-of-a-girder-bridge-for-highway-structures-using-sap-2000/nitin-singh-raghuwanshi
SynTerra / US Bridge Presentation (10 24 11)dgonano
Co-presented this to ACEC-SC/SCDOT. Describes the benefits of using steel truss bridges over CSX RR on two projects in Spartanburg, SC saving the County over $500,000.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. Purpose Of BridgePurpose Of Bridge
A bridge is a structure providing passageA bridge is a structure providing passage
over an obstacle without closing the wayover an obstacle without closing the way
beneath.beneath.
The required passage may be for a road, aThe required passage may be for a road, a
railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline.railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline.
The obstacle to be crossed may be a river, aThe obstacle to be crossed may be a river, a
road, railway or a valley.road, railway or a valley.
5. DATA COLLECTIONDATA COLLECTION
Location of bridge site.Location of bridge site.
Transportation of bridge site.Transportation of bridge site.
Nature of crossing and affordability.Nature of crossing and affordability.
Availability of local material.Availability of local material.
Traffic volume.Traffic volume.
Availability of local bridge builders.Availability of local bridge builders.
Temporary crossing.Temporary crossing.
Local participation.Local participation.
7. SHORTEST DISTANCESHORTEST DISTANCE
FOR THE BRIDGEFOR THE BRIDGE
To construct a bridge the first part ofTo construct a bridge the first part of
analysis is to decide the shortest routeanalysis is to decide the shortest route
for the bridge from starting point to thefor the bridge from starting point to the
end point. & whether it is necessary &end point. & whether it is necessary &
economical to construct a bridge. In thiseconomical to construct a bridge. In this
part of analysis, curves ends of river arepart of analysis, curves ends of river are
excluded so as the distance will decreaseexcluded so as the distance will decrease
between the ends of bridge unless therebetween the ends of bridge unless there
is no other plan is possible for the bridge.is no other plan is possible for the bridge.
8. ECONOMICAL SPANECONOMICAL SPAN
Economic SpanEconomic Span
Depend UponDepend Upon
The Cost Of:The Cost Of:
SubstructureSubstructure
SuperstructureSuperstructure
9. SCOUR DEPTHSCOUR DEPTH
Depth of scour belowDepth of scour below
the High Flood Levelthe High Flood Level
Scour depth hasScour depth has
importance inimportance in
determination of depth ofdetermination of depth of
foundationfoundation
If mean score depth isIf mean score depth is
‘d’, then max scour depth‘d’, then max scour depth
for piers is ‘2d’for piers is ‘2d’
The depth which is produced due to the scouring action ofThe depth which is produced due to the scouring action of
water.water.
10. VERTICALVERTICAL
CLEARANCECLEARANCE
Minimum verticalMinimum vertical
clearance of 5m should beclearance of 5m should be
ensure over the full width ofensure over the full width of
roadway.roadway.
The vertical clearanceThe vertical clearance
should be measured withshould be measured with
regard to the highest pointregard to the highest point
of carriageway.of carriageway.
Allowance for any futureAllowance for any future
raising of pavement is alsoraising of pavement is also
be made.be made.
11. TRAFFICTRAFFIC
PROJECTIONPROJECTION
Analysis of traffic is alsoAnalysis of traffic is also
necessary for the bridgenecessary for the bridge
designing. Traffic projectiondesigning. Traffic projection
defines the amount of trafficdefines the amount of traffic
passing through the bridge. Thispassing through the bridge. This
helps in estimating the type ofhelps in estimating the type of
loading. Sometimes in case ofloading. Sometimes in case of
emergency the amount of trafficemergency the amount of traffic
increases so that a sufficient spaceincreases so that a sufficient space
is provided for the vehicles to gois provided for the vehicles to go
through the bridge without facingthrough the bridge without facing
any problems.any problems.
12. SELECTION OFSELECTION OF
BRIDGE TYPEBRIDGE TYPE
•Geometric condition of the site(road alignment, design flood andGeometric condition of the site(road alignment, design flood and
highest water mark)highest water mark)
•Traffic capacity.Traffic capacity.
•Structural stability.Structural stability.
•Foundation conditions and strength of a abutment.Foundation conditions and strength of a abutment.
•Available material.Available material.
•Knowledge and equipment of the contractor.Knowledge and equipment of the contractor.
•Clearance requirement above and below the road way.Clearance requirement above and below the road way.
•General requirements with respect to location ,financing andGeneral requirements with respect to location ,financing and
community values.community values.
13. What is deck slabWhat is deck slab
bridge?bridge?
•A bridge with an upper horizontal beams that carriesA bridge with an upper horizontal beams that carries
Roadway or Railway is known as ‘Deck’ of theRoadway or Railway is known as ‘Deck’ of the
Bridge.Bridge.
•In Deck Slab Bridges, the deck itself is the structuralIn Deck Slab Bridges, the deck itself is the structural
frame or the entire deck is thin beam acting entirelyframe or the entire deck is thin beam acting entirely
as one primary member. These types are used whereas one primary member. These types are used where
the depth of structure is critical factor.the depth of structure is critical factor.
•A slab deck is one where the deck is analyzed as aA slab deck is one where the deck is analyzed as a
plate. If the slab has the different stiffness in twoplate. If the slab has the different stiffness in two
directions right angle to each other, the bridge isdirections right angle to each other, the bridge is
analyzed as the orthotropic deck and the bridge isanalyzed as the orthotropic deck and the bridge is
known to be the Deck Slab Bridge.known to be the Deck Slab Bridge.
Approach slab- Transition between a roadway pavement and bridge.Road level-level of road to which the level of bridge is adjoined by the approach slabBack wall-vertical wall at the end of the bridge supporting the expansion joints & extend up from abutment seat.Wing wall-adjacent to the abutments and act as retaining walls, provided at the both end to retain soil of earth filling for approach slab.Deck slab-a slab of concrete used to make the base for the roadway, railway, pedestrian walkaway, etc. on the bridge.Kerb-stone edging to a pavement or a pathGirder-a large iron or steel structure used for the framework of large structuresAbutment-a structure that is built to support the lateral pressure of the arch or span at the ends of the bridgePier-a support for the ends of the spanFoundation-lowest load bearing part of a building.
H.F.L(highest flood level)-sufficient level of flood to cause inundation.
Bearing-component that provide controlled movement & resting surface between bridge deck and piers.Parapet-low protective wall along the edge of bridge or roof or balcony.
Expansion joint- joint for the allowance of thermal expansion.
Will present more of designing criteria in my next presentation.