AMRAPALI CONSTRUCTION REPORT

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An Industrial Training Report Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
by
RICHA PRIYA
(Roll No: 1513200913)
Under the Supervision of
Mr .BIRENDAR SINGH NEGI (Executive Engg.)
Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida
NOVEMBER 2017

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CERTIFICATE
Certified that RICHA PRIYA (1513200913) has carried out the Industrial Training presented in
this report during the period 10/07/2017 to 10/08/2017 on “CRYSTAL HOMES
(RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION) ” at “AMRAPALI LTD” to fulfill the requirements for
the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil engineering from Greater Noida
Institute of Technology, (APJAKTU), under our supervision. The report embodies results of
original work, and training is carried out by the student himself and the contents of the report do
not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else from this
or any other University/Institution. Plagiarism related issue solely stands with the candidate.
Signature Signature
(Dr. B.K.Singh) Ms. Vasmati Ghosh
(HOD/Civil) (Assistant Professor)
GNIOT GNIOT

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Industrial Training Report entitled (“CRYSTAL HOME
APARTMENTS BY AMRAPALI ) is an authentic record of my own work as requirements of
Industrial Training during the period from 10.07.2017 to 10.08.2017 for the award of degree of
B.Tech. in Civil Engineering, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida, under the
guidance of Ms. VASHWATI GHOSH
RICHAPRIYA
ROLL NO. 1513200913

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to AMRAPALI GROUP OF CONSTRUCTION
for having provided me with an unbelievable practical learning experience during summer
training. It was indeed a pleasure to be a part of such organization.
First and foremost I would like to thank CHANDER SINGH NEGI, Project In Charge and
special thanks to Mr. DIPENDER SATHIA, Site Engineer and Mr. JAI KUMAR SINGH, Jr.
Engineer, who support me through inspiring towards this report. He had provided me a nice
industrial experience.
Secondly, I am no less grateful to the other employees and members of the department for their
kind co-operation and spontaneous response.
Last but not the least; I express my gratitude toward my family members, my teachers for their
kind co-operation and encouragement which helped me in completion of this training.
Date:- 15/June/2017 Richa Priya

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INDEX
SECTION CONTENT
ABOUT THE COMPANY
ABOUT THE PROJECT
1 Introduction
1.1 Types of buildings
1.2 Safety induction
1.3 Form work
2 Construction steps of building
2.1 Site clearance
2.2 Surveying and layout
2.3 Excavation
2.4 Foundation
2.5 Concreting
2.6 Wall construction
2.7 Beams & columns construction

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2.8 Slab construction
3 Materials& equipment’s
3.1 Materials used at site
3.2 Equipment’s used
4. Quality control
4.1 Quality control in concrete works
4.2 Quality control in reinforcement
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES

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ABOUT AMRAPALI
Amrapali Group of builders is bringing forth a new wave of development in India. They are well
known for bringing their latent entrepreneurial energy in different ventures including construction
of real estate. The beginning of the new millennium has unleashed some of our stellar real estate
projects in Greater Noida and other areas. Our journey in development began nearly 10 years ago
with Chairman & Managing Director Dr. Anil Kumar Sharma, who is a proud IIT alumnus.
We take great pride in the fact that we have completed and handed over all of our housing
developments well before the scheduled time. Move into an apartment of Amrapali in Noida and
you will certainly be pleased.
Upcoming Ventures
We are currently developing more than 50 projects comprising of stunning residential complexes
and commercial spaces as well as IT Parks. If you wish to achieve a relaxed mind and healthy
body then a house in our Ghaziabad developments would be perfect for you and your clan.
Past Projects
Amrapali Builder today enjoys a pan-India presence having delivered over 25 world- class
projects. Our reputation precedes us with our successful projects in various others cities from
Kochi to Ranchi. Our projects delineate the skyline of Noida that is the satellite city of Delhi.
After our success in the field of residential real estate we have impressively expanded our foray
into other sectors. We are proud to say that we have established massive footprints in the
hospitality, healthcare and education field. Our footsteps in entertainment and FMCG
manufacturing are soon to come as well.

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ABOUT PROJECT(CRYSTAL HOMES)
Crystal Homes is a new residential project by Amrapali, designed to provide luxurious homes at
an affordable rate. Ideally located at Sector-76, Noida, Crystal Homes has easy access to other
major landmarks in and around the area via Noida City Centre metro station. In addition, Indira
Gandhi International Airport is situated within a radius of 32 kilometres. All units are fully-
equipped with modular kitchens, marble stoned balconies and wooden laminated bedrooms.
Amenities like badminton court, tennis court, children play area, swimming pool, gymnasium,
cafeteria, sports facility, club house, fire fighting system, round the clock security are also
included within the project area.
No. of Towers: 7 Towers
No. of Floors: 28 Floors
No. of Units: 672 Units
Total Project Area: 7.00 Acres
Open Area: 75%
ARCHITECT: VAIBHAV JAIN AND ASSOCIATES

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1. INTRODUCTION
The basics needs of human existences are food, clothing’s & shelter. From times immemorial
man has been making efforts in improving their standard of living. The point of his efforts has
been to provide an economic and efficient shelter. The possession of shelter besides being a
basic, used, gives a feeling of security, responsibility and shown the social status of man.
Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment needed for his pleasant
living, this object is achieved by having a place of living situated at the safe and convenient
location, such a place for comfortable and pleasant living requires considered and kept in view.
■ A Peaceful environment.
■ Safety from all natural source & climate conditions
■ General facilities for community of his residential area. The engineer has to keep in mind the
municipal conditions, building bye laws, environment, financial capacity, water supply, sewage
arrangement, provision of future, aeration, ventilation etc., in suggestion a particular type of plan
to any client.
1.1-TYPES OF BUILDING:
Buildings are classified on the basis of character of occupancyand type of use as.
1.1.1-Residential Building
1.1.2-Educational Building
1.1.3-Institutional Building
1.1.4-Industrial Building
1.1.1-RESIDENTIAL BUILDING:
In such building sleeping accommodation is provided. IT includes the living room, bed room,
kitchen, hall, toilet and bath room. It may be a single storey building or apartments.
1.1.2-EDUCATIONAL BUILDING:
These includes any building using for school, college, assembly for instruction, education or
recreation.

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1.1.3-INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING:
These building are used for different purposes, such as medical or other treatment or care of a
person suffering from a physical or mental illnesses. These building includes hospital, sanatoria,
jail etc.
1.1.4-INDUSTRIAL BUILDING:
These are buildings in which products or material s of all kind of properties are fabricated,
assembled, processed. For example refineries, gas plant, mills etc.
1.2-SAFETY INDUCTION
Safety is very important part of any work. An induction video was showed which highlighted the
need and importance of safety at construction site. Most accidents can be prevented by taking
simple measures or adopting proper working procedures. It is very important to discuss issues on
safety and health that should be paid attention to on construction sites for easy reference by the
workers. If we work carefully and take appropriate safety measures, there will definitely be fewer
work injury cases, and our sites will become a safe and secure place to work in. It is important to
educate everyone in the site regarding safety for following purposes.
■ Workers safety
■ Construction progress
■ Standard procedure
■ Legal cases
■ Working efficiency
Two standard guidelines are followed for health & environment safety
■ISO 14001-2004

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■OHSAS 18001-2007
Precautions at site for
safety-
■Wear protective equipment.
■ Do not drink or take drugs while working.
■ Pay attention to personal hygiene.
■ Do not play in the workplace.
■ Report to your supervisor immediately if you notice any unsafe condition.
1.2.1Equipment used for safety at construction site-
1.2.2.Possible types of accidents and ill health
■Construction Site Fall ■Crane Accidents
■Scaffolding Accidents ■Electrical Accidents
■Trench Collapses ■Fires and Explosions
■Welding Accidents ■Cutting Accidents
■Structure Failure ■Building Collapse
■Supervisor Negligence ■Punch Press Malfunctions

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■Compressor Accidents ■Exploding Compressor
■Gas Explosions During Welding ■Run-Over by Operating Equipment
■Unsafe/ Dangerous Equipment Accidents
1.3-FORM WORK
Formwork is a mould or die used to support or shape the concrete until it attains sufficient
strength to carry its self-weight. Formwork holds the concrete until it hardens to required shape
& size.
1.3.1. Significance of formwork
A-Formwork constitutes 30% of cost & 60% of time in concrete construction.
B-Quality of concrete finish and soundness of concrete depends very much on type of formwork
system.
C-Desired shape of concrete is not possible if formwork is not done properly.
-Formwork should be properly designed fabricated and erected to receive concrete.
E-Accident happen because of faulty formwork and scaffolding or staging.
1.3.2. Safety in using formwork-
A-Components are light in weight for manual holding.
B-Loose or hanging components are minimal.
C-Appropriate use of tools.
D-Minimum operations are involved in each reuse.

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1.3.3. Types of formwork-
A-Flex system-
Good company ply is used
A.1Components of flex system-
■H beam primary or secondary.
■CT prop.
■Foue way head.
■Folding tripod.
■Assembly wedge clamp.
■Supporting head.
■Beam forming head.
■Quick deck system.
B-Aluform system
Panels with aluminium frame and plywood fitted in it.
Used in raft, shear wall and columns.
Components of aluform system.
■Alufo panel.
■Framing clamp.
■Tie rod.
■Wig nut.
■Steel waler.
■CT prop.

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■Foot adopter.
■Head adopter.
■Brackets for safety.
C- Aluminium formwork
Aluminium formwork is widely used by Construction Company at site.
Components of aluminium formwork-
■ Kicker.
■Rocker.
■Wall panel.
■Slab corner.
■External and internal corner.
■Prop length.
■Prop head.
■Stub pin.
■Wall tie.

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Formwork used at construction site.
Aluminium
formwork
usedin
construction
Aluminiumpanelsforform
work

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2. CONSTRUCTION STEPS INVOLVED IN BUILDING
CONSTRUCTIONS
2. 1Site clearance.
2. 2Surveying and layout.
2. 3Excavation.
2. 4Bar binding and positioning of foundation steel.
2. 5Concreting.
2. 6 Wall construction.
2. 7Beam and Columns.
2. 8Finishing and whitewashing.
2. 1SITE CLEARANCE
A no of conditions determine the kind of building that may be erected on a plot of ground. These
conditions determine where on the plot it may be located. There are also covenants that are
legally binding regulations. These may be setting height of building, prohibit utility of buildings
or ban rooftop network towers etc.
Zoning laws regulate the setback and other factors that play into equation of house location a lot.
Septic tanks also require special considerations and a certificate of occupancy is also required for
some loaning and legal processes.
2. 2SURVEYING AND LAYOUT
Survey is the first step done in any construction site so as to get the required level of surface. It is
also used in level transferrin during construction of retaining wall.Generally at site survey is
carried out by following two instruments.

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A-Total station
B-Auto level
A-Total Station A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying and
building construction. The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an
electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope distances from the instrument to a particular point.
By this instrument we can measure Angle, Distance, Coordinate and also Data Processing.
Advantages: The following are some of the major advantages of using total station over the
conventional surveying instruments
1. Field work is carried out very fast. 2.
Accuracy of measurement is high.
3. Manual errors involved in reading and recording are eliminated.
4. Calculation of coordinates is very fast and accurate. Even corrections for temperature and
pressure are automatically made.
5. Computers can be employed for map making and plotting contour and cross-sections. Contour
intervals and scales can be changed in no time.
B-Auto level- It is a leveling instrument which was on site checking the elevations of various
points.
Auto level is a modified form of dumpy level. We used auto level to transfer the level of ground
to retaining wall and setting thickness of slab in which first of all marking was made to fix the
level of particular elevations then casting of slab was performed.
Transferring of surface level to retaining wall
1 – Set the auto level at the building floor level.
2 – Level the instrument.
3 – Take the staff reading at point also on floor level surface.

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4 – Locate the staff on the formwork of retaining wall and adjust the staff in such a way so that
reading of staff is same as staff reading in step 3.
2. 3.EXCAVATION
Excavation work on the site was being done by the JCB Machines and excavated soil was
transferred using dumpers.
Following measures should be prevented while excavation work.
1-There should be proper timbering while excavation for basement area.
2-Dewatering should be done before construction work.
3-During rainy season excavation work should be avoided.
Excavation of soil for construction of retaining wall.

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2. 4. FOUNDATION
Footings are strips of concrete or filled concrete blocks placed under foundation wall. Gravel or
crushed stone footings may also be used. The purpose of footing is to transfer the loadssafely in
the ground.
Generally in high rise buildings three types of footings are provided
■Isolated Footing-
An isolated footing is used to support the load on a single column. It is usually either square or
rectangular in plan. It represents the simplest, most economical type and most widely used
footing. Whenever possible, square footings are provided so as to reduce the bending moments
and shearing forces at their critical sections. Isolated footings are used in case of light column
loads, when columns are not closely spaced. An isolated footing must, therefore, be provided by
two sets of reinforcement bars placed on top of the other near the bottom of the footing. In case
of property line restrictions, footings may be designed for eccentric loading or combined footing
is used as an alternative to isolated footing.
■Combined footing-
henever a column is to be provided near the edge of property and it may not be permissible to
extend the footing beyond a certain limit. In such a case, the load on the footing will be eccentric
and hence this will result in uneven distribution of load to the supporting soil. Hence, an
alternative design would be to provide a common footing to the edge column and to an interior
column close to it. Combined footings under two or more columns are used under closely spaced,
heavily loaded interior columns where individual footings, if they were provided, would be either
very close to each other, or overlap each other. This footing is called “combined footing”.
A view of Isolated and Combined footings at construction site

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ISOLATED FOOTINGS COMBINED FOOTINGS
■Raft footing or Mat footing-
This is a footing that covers the entire area under the structure. This footing is used when very
heavy loads of building are to be transmitted to the underlying soil having very low and
differential bearing capacities. Due to its rigidity, it minimizes differential settlement. There are
several types of raft foundation in use. The most common types are; the flat slab and the slab-
beam types
Raft footings are provided in following cases-
■When the ground water table is high, rafts are often placed over piles to control buoyancy.
■When isolated footings for column overlap on each other.
■When total area of footing slab is more than50% of total area.
■Where underground flooring is required this type of footing is provided and it serves as footing
as well as floor.

22. 2.5 WALL CONSTRUCTION
In framed structure generally brick walls are constructed for partition purpose and half brick walls
are made. But at the site no wall was constructed with brick because it was a high rise building. All
the walls were constructed as RCC wall because these acts as a shear wall and provide horizontal
stability to building and reduces the deflection.
Workers at site during forming work for RCC wall construction

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2.8 SLAB
Slabs are of following types-
■One way slab-
In one way slab load transfer occurs only in one direction. For one way slab aspect ratio should be
more than or equal to 2. In one way slab reinforcement calculated is provided only in shorter
direction and in other direction distribution steel is provided.
■Two way slab-
In two way slab load transfer occurs in both the directions. For two way slab aspect ratio should
be less than 2. In two way slab reinforcement is provided in both shorter and longer directions
and at the supports negative reinforcement is also provided.
■Detailing of reinforcement in two way slab is as following

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3.MATERIALS
3.1MATERIALS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION AT SITE
At the construction site following materials were being used
3.1.1. Cement
The function of cement is to combine with water and to form cement paste. This paste first sets i.e. it
becomes firms and then hardens due to chemical reaction, called hydration, between the cement and
water. On setting & hardening, the cement binds the aggregate together into a stone like hard mass
& thus provides strength, durability & water-tighten to the concrete. Quality of cement is based on
grade of cement. The grades of cement are as-
■33 Grades
■43 Grades
■53 Grades
■At the site Portland cement of 53 grades (ULTRATECH CEMENT) was used.
■The initial setting time of cement = 30 minutes (1/2 hr.)
■The final setting time of cement = 10 hrs.
3.1.2. Aggregate-
Aggregates are small pieces of broken stones in irregular size and shapes.
Neat cement is very rarely used in construction works since it is liable to shrink too much and become
cracks on setting. Moreover, it will be costly to use neat cement in construction work. Therefore
cement is mixed with some inert strong & durable hard materials.
They also reduce the cost of concrete because they are comparative much cheaper as cement.
Types of aggregates:
■Fine Aggregate

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■Coarse Aggregate
■Fine aggregate (sand)-
The aggregate, which pass through 4.75 mm, I.S. sieve and entirely retain on 75 micron (.075mm) I.S.
sieve is known as fine aggregate.
FINE AGGREGATE PLACED NEAR RMC PLANT
Function of fine aggregate-
The function of using fine aggregate in a concrete mix is to fill up the voids existing in the coarse
aggregate and to obtain a dense and strong concrete with less quantity of cement and increase the
workability of the concrete mix.
■Coarse aggregate-
The aggregate, which pass through 75 mm I.S. sieve and entirely retain on 4.75 I.S. sieve is known as
coarse aggregates.
■At construction site aggregate used are as follows
Coarse aggregate of 20mm size.
Coarse aggregate of 12.5 mm size (As per concrete mix design).

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Fine aggregate in form of coarse sand.
8 mm dia lateral ties 20mm dia longitudional bars
STEEL BARS IN RETAINING
WALL
STEEL BARS PLACED AT SITE
3.1.3 Reinforcement

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The material that develops a good bond with concrete in order to increase its strength is called
reinforcement. Steel bars are highly strong in tension, shear, bending moment, torsion and
compression.
■Function of reinforcement-
Reinforcement work as a tension member because concrete is strong in compression and week in
tension so reinforcement resists the tensile stresses in the concrete members. At the site
contractor using the high strength steel bars and T.M.T. (Thermo Mechanically Treated) bars of
diameter 8 mm, 10 mm, 16 mm, & 32 mm as per requirement of design.
At construction site 8 mm, 10 mm, 16 mm, & 32 mm (T.M.T.) reinforcement bars were being used.
The bars were of grade Fe415 for 8mm and Fe500 for other diameter bars.
The bars were of brand TATA TISCON.
■The main reason of using steel bars in RCC is that, the coefficients of thermal expansion of
steel bars and concrete is of approximately equal value.
3.1.4 Fly ash-
At the site, a small amount of fly ash was also being used which is produced by burning of coal in
thermal power plants.
The main advantages of using fly ash in building construction are as follows-
■It is free of cost.
■It’s consumption reduces environmental pollution.
■It has a fair quality of bonding properties.
3.1.5 Admixtures-
Admixtures are generally used to affect workability of concrete mix and to reduce water
content. Admixtures also increases the target mean strength of concrete

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At the site HYPERPLAST PC-711 (MADE BY- DON CHEMICALS)
admixture was being used to increase workability and to reduce quantity of water
in concrete mix.
Types of admixtures-
■Accelerators
■Retarders
■Water reducers/plasticizers/superplasticizers
■Air entraining agents
■Bonding admixtures
3.1.6Other materials-
■Stone dust
■Plywood

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3.2-EQUIPMENTS USED
3.2.1Concrete pump
3.2.2Rotary mixer for transporting R.M.C.
3.2.3Crane
3.2.4Boom pump (used in construction of retaining wall where transportation of
R.M.C. was very difficult because of excavation work)
3.2.5Ready Mix Concrete plant
IMAGES OF EQUIPMENTS USED-

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4.QUALITY CONTROL
Quality control is the part of quality management that ensures products and service comply with
requirements. It is a work method that facilitates the measurement of the quality characteristics of
a unit, compares them with the established standards, and analyses the differences between the
results obtained and the desired results in order to make decisions which will correct any
differences.
Technical specifications define the type of controls that must be carried out to ensure the
construction works are carried out correctly. They include not only products materials, but also the
execution and completion of the works.
■Causes for poor quality These can be summarized as ignorance, poor materials, poor design,
poor detailing, poor workmanship, improper quantity of cement, improper concrete mix, excess
water, inadequate compaction, substandard forms, inadequate curing, inadequate cover, poor
construction practices, poor supervision and above all lack of technical knowledge.

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4.1QUALITY CONTROL IN CONCRETE WORKS
Since concrete keeps a very important place in modern building construction works, so it is
necessary to test and inspection of concrete work at site.
Following points should be kept in mind while concreting.
■There should proper compacting of poured concrete because every 1% void reduce the strength
of concrete by 20%.
■There should be proper curing of concrete work for at least 7to10days because it helps in gaining the
strength.
■Level of formwork should be same throughout the building while casting the slab
■There should be a lab to test the properties of Green Concrete like slump, initial setting time etc.
There should be proper portioning of materials while preparing R.M.C.
4.1.1Quality control works in concreting at site ■Needle
vibrator was being used for compaction.
■RMC plant was being operated for concrete mixing.
■A lab was established for testing.
4.2QUALITY CONTROL IN REINFOREMENT
■The reinforcement should be provided at designed spacing.
■Steel bars of designed grade should be used.
■Steel bars should be placed at dry places to prevent them from corrosion.
■For quality assurance of steel a test report was also given to company by TATA STEEL
LIMITED.

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CONCLUSION
This six weeks training gave me the opportunity to work withsome of the best engineering minds in the
country and solvecomplex engineering & management problems that occur on field.
1. The use of admixtures, not only shorten the project duration butalso help in constructing a more
quality structure with superioraspects as compared to a conventional one.Admixtures and Chemical
were used widely on site.
2. Adequate measures have been taken to ensure the safety of environment and health.
3. The soil used for filling on site was so as to achieve the criteria forthe fill..
4. Residential buildings

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REFERNCE
1. TEXT BOOK OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS (S.K. KATARIA and
SONS).
2. AMRAPALI GROUPS
3. INTERNET

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