This document discusses planning and control in project management, leadership, and skills. It covers three main parts: network diagrams and critical path analysis, risk analysis and opportunities, and motivation management. In part A, a network diagram of the house renovation project is presented showing the critical path. In part B, risks like cost increases, supply issues, and workforce shortages are analyzed. Risk scores are assigned based on probability and impact. Part C discusses motivation theories as they relate to an unmotivated team member, Kevin, and how removing him from the project could benefit the team and project goals.

1. PROJECT MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP, AND SKILLS:
PLANNING AND CONTROL
Emre DİRLİK
Assessment Title: Assignment 2: People in Projects
CRN: MSc Digital Business
Student ID: @BCP739
Actual Effective Word Count : 2923

2. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
CONTENTS
Title Page………………………………………….………….……… …………………1
Introduction…………………………………..…...………….………..…………………3
Part A……………………………………………………………………………………4
Network diagram………………………………….……………………………..............4
Critical Path Analysis …………………………. …,……………………………………6
Part B……………………………………………………………………………………7
Risk Analysis……..…………………………………..…….……………………………7
Risk Score Discussion…………………………… ……….…………………………….8
Opportunities Discussion……………………… ……….………………………….….10
Part C………………………………………………………………………………… 11
Motivation Management………………………………..………………………………11
Conclusion on Ways To Motivate Kevin… …..…….…..……………………………12
References………………………………………………….………………………...…17

3. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
Introduction
This report covers 3 important topics under the title of "project in people" and includes
informations under 3 main topics. The aim of the report is to plan the resources, manage the
risks and effectively lead by motivating staff on a house renovation project.
PART A
In the first part, it presents the timing on the critical path and how it can be used to provide a
realistic project using network diagrams and visual aids. In addition, after using the network
diagram and determining the critical path, it helps the project team and the project manager give
a deadline about the Project and help analyze and organize the project.
PART B
In the second part, by defining risks and using risk management techniques, details of
opportunities and information are discussed and the protection of the Project from negative
results.
PART C
In the third section, it deals with theories about leadership motivation and discuss how these
theories can be applied to improve performance and achieve project goals, in addition, the links
between Kevin's exemplary theories are presented.

4. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
PART A
1- Network Diagram
The network diagram represents an overview of the tasks and activities in the Project. The
connection of the activities in the Project is very important as it shows the timing of the events.
Thanks to the network diagram, the success rate and efficiency of the Project can be increased.
The same time motivates the team and reduces stress. The general program in this Project is
given in the table below.
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Resource Names
0 Renovation of House 28 Days / 6 Weeks 01.06.20 08-07-20
1 Substantial repairs to the
roof
5 Days 01-06-20 05-06-20 Worker 1
2 Internal structural work 7 Days 01-06-20 09-06-20 Worker 2
3 Electrical work 5 Days 08-06-20 12-06-10 Worker 1
4 Plumbing 2 Days 10-06-20 11-06-20 Worker 2
5 Plastering 3 Days 15-06-20 17-06-20 Worker 1
6 Installing a new kitchen 3 Days 18-06-20 22-06-20 Worker 1
7 Installing a new bathroom 4 Days 23-06-20 26-06-20 Worker 1
8 İnternal decoration 6 Days 29-06-20 06-07-20 Worker 1
9 Garden 4 Days 12-06-20 17-06-20 Worker 2
10 Change Windows 2 Days 18-06-20 19-06-20 Worker 2
11 Fitting carpets 2 Days 07-07-20 08-07-20 Worker 2
12 Outside paintwork 5 Days 22-06-20 26-06-20 Worker 2
Create a network diagram with the critical path clearly marked:

5. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
Network Diagram Showing the critical path highlighted using the bolded red arrow lines
Figure 1: Network Diagram of the Project with Critical Path
( Source: Created by Author )
The longest path through which all activities go is critical. It is also the longest line of activities,
whose tasks are interconnected to complete the Project successfully. (Maylor, 2010 )

6. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
What are the advantages to the property developer in using critical path analysis to plan this
Project?
Critical Path Analysis
Critical path analysis is a technique used in the Project to achieve the desired target and check
the result. Project managers use timing techniques to check the information and data, to ensure
that the delivery deadlines of the Project are met, and this method is performed with network
dialogues. Each mission is linked to each other on a critical path. If there is a negative situation
in any task, the whole Project will be affected by this negative situation, and the Project will be
delayed. (Projectmanager.com, 2019) Network diagrams constitute an essential part of the
Project used in a project. Thanks to the network diagrams, it helps the Project to analyze the
critical path of the connection of the activities and the timing flux of the Project. Network
diagrams are presented by linking the activities using arrows. The activities in the network
diagrams are presented by associating them with the arrows. Network dialogue helps organize
tasks, analyze essential relationships, and control the Project. Project managers contribute to
the creation of the planned timeframe of tasks with network diagrams and to control the timing
while the Project is running. Network diagrams help to take risks out of the Project by reflecting
their predictions to reality. Project managers should ensure that the Project is as detailed as
possible with the cost and time ratio. It also helps organize the network diagram project manager
and team in the best way..
How realistic is the idea of using only two workers to complete the Project given the deadline
of six weeks?
It is technically possible to complete the Project in 6 weeks using only two workers. According
to the plan created, the Project was concluded within 6 weeks by employing two workers within
the time constraints.The Project started on June 1 and ended on July 8. Workers worked only
from Monday to Friday. It should be noted that the Project is planned by the project investor to
reduce the cost of using one worker per activity. Although this does not seem very realistic for
the Project, it is presented in network diagrams, which can be completed in 6 weeks in the event
of unusual negative situations. ancak projedeki olagan koşullar nedeniyle, çok gerçekçi bir proje
olmayacaktır.If the time limit is six weeks, human resources conditions must be re-planned.

7. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
PART B
Risk Analysis
The fact that the construction sector projects have uncertainties originating from the country
and the market makes risk management difficult. For the system to function, measuring project
performance in different scenarios, and using past experiences in new projects, have become
inevitable in the development of risk management systems (2). In determining the potential
losses of the enterprises, it is necessary to define what the risks related to the field of activity
are (5). The most important step after the classification of risk sources in construction projects
is to determine what risks will be encountered in realizing the Project.
One of the issues that should be included in the Project is how the risk that occurs in the event
of a negative situation in a project process should be brought under control. At the same time,
some of the capital allocated to the Project should be reserved for risk management. Risk
management in today's economy is one of the important issues in the successful completion of
the Project (Larson & Gray, 2015) Risk management in the Project should always be a key
aspect. When the risks identified early in a project arise during the project process, they
contribute to prevent the insufficiency of capital in the Project. (Larson and Gray, 2015) It is a
repeated condition throughout the Project to ensure that risks in risk management are identified.
In the process of finding and identifying risks in the Project, firstly, the purpose of the Project
and the factors that will be created to achieve success are to create in a disciplined way. It also
includes gathering information from various sources to obtain resources that may be useful in
the Project throughout the risk management process. (Tonchia, 2018). In addition, the tools and
techniques to be used depending on the content of the risks that may occur are very important
in the risk management process.

8. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
Risks Outcomes Risk controls
Increase in material
cost
Delays in completing the Project
If this risk occurs, a budget
should be included for the
risks that may occur in the
project budget.
Supply materials risk
An insufficient material deficiency
that may occur during the Project
Materials to be used before
starting the Project must be
purchased and stocked.
Security Risk
Damage to any worker on-site
during the construction phase in
the Project's execution may cause
delays in the timing of the Project.
In the case of such a
situation, a plan should be
made for emergency aid
before the Project starts, and
a plan should be created.
Risk of stealing and
damage
Theft of equipment in the field may
cause the budget to be exceeded,
and disruption of the Project.
Necessary insurance should
be included in the Project,
and measures should be taken
against theft and damage. In
addition, necessary security
measures should be included
in the Project.
Lack of workforce
Delay in completion of the Project,
interruption of all other processes
3. Schedule an employee to
be included in the Project so
that tasks are completed on
time.
Discuss how you would derive a risk score for each of these risks explaining what evidence you
could access to support your calculation of impact and probability
Risk Score Discussion
Although risk identification is done throughout the project lifecycle and particularly during
milestones, risks must be identified and mitigated as early as possible in the project schedule to
avoid project setbacks. Risk analysis shows the probability of risk in project activities and how
the project can be affected by potential risks. After revealing the risks, the Project's impact and
the measures and steps to be taken to manage the success of the Project should be planned.
when creating a risk chart good risk management and analysis includes not only what risks are
involved but also the completion of the project type. (Tonchia, 2018) Risk Analysis is required

9. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
to assign a score indicating the level of risks. In addition, the probability result and score will
show the effects and magnitudes of the risks. (Dunbrava and Vladut, - Severian Jacob, 2013).
Quantitative approaches are for the results at the end of the Project and try to give a numerical
value to the subjective risk to ensure that the variables are visualized. The probability impact
matrix is a technique used in projects to analyze and resolve risks. Assuming the probability of
any event and project node is a simple way to calculate risk. Scaling risks is listing risks from
risk to probability. Once the points are assigned, the project manager in the Project will multiply
the two variables by the result that gives the effect and severity of the risk.
Result and
probability
Negligible
1
Minor
2
Moderate
3
Important
Risk
4
High
5
Free from
risk -1
1 1 3 4 5
Unlikely -2 2 4 6 8 10
Probable -3 3 6 9 12 15
Likely -4 4 8 12 16 20
close to one
hundred
percent - 5
5 10 15 20 25
In the above toblo, it shows the lowest intermediate and most likely risks. The lowest risk is
shown in blue. Yellow tables show medium risk, while red tables show the highest risk. The
important color in the project is red; these risks are likely to occur in the Project and may affect
the results of the Project. In addition, the color group that has to be considered and has the
potential to affect the Project is the yellow medium risk group.The blue color group should be
considered even if it is unlikely to occur.

10. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
RISK EFFECT POSSIBILITY RISK LEVEL
Increase in
material cost
2 4 8 Medium
Supplier and
materials risk
5 1 5 Medium
Security Risk 4 4 12 High
Risk of theft
and damage
3 3 9 Medium
Labor shortage 4 2 8 Medium
What are the opportunities available, and how would you categorize these strategies?
Opportunities Discussion
After identifying the risks, the Project manager has some opportunities in the process of
reducing these risks. The risks involved in this Project can be listed as follows:
This benefit can be used when the foreseen risk is not realized, as in security risk. In addition,
if a task takes less than the scheduled time, the opportunity to take advantage of the early finish
should be used to move the rest of the project forward and provide more laxity to the project.
(Mayor, 2010)
While identifying risks and analyzing these risks and continuing efforts to reduce the risk, the
project manager will have the chance to reveal the main threat factors related to the Project.
With the reduction of risks, the project manager can make a plan for these threats and also
remove all threats from the Project.
While the risks associated with the Project are eliminated, the project manager will provide an
opportunity to learn and develop improvement plans that will provide significant benefits in
future projects. For this reason, mitigation methods can provide long-term benefits for the
institution implementing the Project.
Part C
Motivation Management
According to the case study presented, it was reported that Kevin did not have a good
relationship with the project team by joining the project management team. For this reason, it
was presented in the case that other team members clashed a lot with their work and caused

11. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
great disagreements . On the other hand, it has been reported that it is very efficient in Technical
departments in project management, but if it can be understood with other team members, it
will be an important member of the team. It was understood from the analysis of this case that
Kevin did not have enough motivation to participate in the Project. Content theories - Abraham
Maslow's needs hierarchy is a descriptive theory that embraces human need satisfaction. In this
theory of Maslow, it proves that people are not only encouraged financially but also that
meeting their other needs through job duties has a great motivational effect on people. Business
school professor researcher author Victor Vroom has argued that the expectations theory stems
from the amount of success a person has achieved relative to motivation expectation
(Pyszczynski, Kesebir and Lockett 2019). If we want to explain this theory with an example
with another interpretation, the motivation expected from the employee will be high if the
expectations of a worker are met. If the expectations of the employee are met, the performance
expected from the employee will increase. It can be thought that this theory could not meet the
high expectations of Kevinin team members. For this reason, Kevin engages with team
members and causes him to decrease motivation. Frederick Herzberg explains that job
satisfaction at work is a result of some factors in motivation-hygiene theory. Conversely, there
are factors preventing dissatisfaction that cause a decrease in performance. These factors act
independently of each other. When people carry high perseverance and hirs, they tend to
succeed, so they have better performance and motivation. Again, a person can be motivated to
work harder to gain strength. As an example, he will be promoted to a high level of care and
finally, the individual may feel the need to prove to all his teammates that he is better off in
terms of performance effect. (Kohli et al. 2018) Based on this theory, it is unclear whether
Kevin is willing to achieve success. It can also be assumed that the team is looking for more
power in the team, taking into account the type of authority that the skill has applied to
teammates and colleagues. Given the theories mentioned, the attitude of kevin can be based on
many reasons. However, there is a lack of motivation for kevin, and it does not make any effort
to communicate with the team members. For these reasons,removal of kevinfromthe projectand
termination of the work will have a positive effect on the team and the future of the project. Since
Kevin is extremely talented and has high qualifications, his work with high motivation in other
projects will contribute greatly to him and the project he will work with.
Conclusion on Ways To Motivate Kevin
Kevin has been included in the team as the most trained and most equipped person in the team
to eliminate technical problems, and to be the manager of the Project; he must cease to be the
manager to be the leader. It also recognizes workers as a group, and this view must turn into
the team's view. (Maylor, 2010). Leaders play a very important role in the success of the
projects. Leadership qualities are not exaggerated in project management, and when managing
a project, it is necessary to take an effective place in all planning of the Project. (Maylor, 2010).
Workers should be best motivated to demonstrate maximum performance to ensure that the
business or Project is successful. The task of the leaders ensures that these tasks are
accomplished successfully, which means that the staff is inspired and add value to individual
tasks. According to an interview made by Yoosuf, 2012, it is easy to guarantee the success of

12. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
the Project as the efficiency and motivation of the staff increases. In addition, in order to
overcome the lack of motivation of the Kevin, a discussion session can be conducted, and the
reasons for the lack of motivation can be reached. If individuals are aware of the lack of
motivation and try to express their reasons, they can help improve their motivation, but steps
can be taken to ensure that this does not affect institutional balance. (Sanjeev and Surya 2016).
This can be applied in the same way to increase the motivation of the house. While carrying out
this process, other team members should be provided with better conditions and opportunities.
If only Kevin is presented, other team members are likely to be uncomfortable with this
situation. Kevin cannot communicate well, and this is a significant risk for the Project as it
negatively affects the motivation of other workers. Team spirit and culture, common goals and
objectives, willingness to work, and trust in the leader of the team will contribute to the
successful completion of the projects at the end of the projects. (Maylor, 2010). Kevin should
be motivated as a leader and team creator with a good approach when the processes and theories
are considered. It should aim to empower the team he is responsible for by motivating the
workers and employees.

13. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
References
Maylor, H. (2010). Chapter 6 : Time Planning. In 4th Edition, Project Management (pp.
135-153). Pearson Education Limited.
Arıkan, A. E. “Development of a risk management decision support system for
international construction projects”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi,
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2005.
Maylor, H. (2010). Chapter 10 : Risk and Opportunities Management. In 4th Edition,
Project Management (pp. 218-239). Pearson Education Limited.
Project Manage. (2019). Understanding Critical path in Project Management. Retrieved
on 2nd December 2019, Retrieved from
https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/understanding-critical-path-project-management
Larson, E. W., & Gray, C. F. (2015). A Guide to the Project Management Body of
Knowledge: PMBOK (®) Guide. Project Management Institute
Tonchia, 2018) Designing Building Wiki. (2019). Risk in Building Design and Construction.
Retrieved on 8th
December 2019, Retrieved from
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Risk_in_building_design_and_construction
Dumbravă, V., & Vlăduț - Severian Iacob. (2013). Using Probability – Impact Matrix in
Analysis and Risk Assessment Projects. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics
and Information Technology, 76-97.
Pyszczynski,T.,Kesebir,P.andLockett,M.,2019. A Terror ManagementTheory Perspectiveon
Human Motivation.In TheOxford Handbookof Human Motivation
Jones, K. (2017). Identifying and Managing Construction Project Risks. Retrieved on 5th
December 2019, Retrieved from https://www.constructconnect.com/blog/identifying-managing-
construction-project-risks

14. ASSIGNMENT 2 : PEOPLE IN PROJECTS
Insureon, (2019). BIN Insurance Holding Agency. Building a Sturdy Business. Retrieved on 5th
December 2019, Retrieved from https://construction.insureon.com/resources/sturdy/top-risks