The document discusses memory and is divided into sections on the three kinds of memory (episodic, semantic, implicit), the three processes of memory (encoding, storage, retrieval), and strategies for improving memory like repetition and chunking information. It provides examples and explanations of these memory concepts.
This ppt is on human memory which is somewhat is a common subject. but every human related to it. This ppt covers all the facts which are based on science.
This content mainly is useful for various groups of people such as teachers, parents and others in making people or children remember well what do they learn in daily activities.
lecture 20 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, Loftus, eyewitness memory
A-Level Psychology: Multi Store Memory Model - New SpecW S
Revision Notes for Multi-Store Memory Model suitable for AQA AS and A2 Psychology and compatible for the New Specification :)
These revision notes cover the whole specification, so by going over them you should have enough content for your exams.
Memory, Forgetting,Psychology, 3 Phases of Memory, Division and sub categories of memory, four general stages of memory, sequential category levels of memory, two types of memory recollection, physical structure of memory, basic factors affecting memory, forgetting, the ebbinghaus forgetting curve, reasons for forgetting information, memorization technique
This ppt is on human memory which is somewhat is a common subject. but every human related to it. This ppt covers all the facts which are based on science.
This content mainly is useful for various groups of people such as teachers, parents and others in making people or children remember well what do they learn in daily activities.
lecture 20 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, Loftus, eyewitness memory
A-Level Psychology: Multi Store Memory Model - New SpecW S
Revision Notes for Multi-Store Memory Model suitable for AQA AS and A2 Psychology and compatible for the New Specification :)
These revision notes cover the whole specification, so by going over them you should have enough content for your exams.
Memory, Forgetting,Psychology, 3 Phases of Memory, Division and sub categories of memory, four general stages of memory, sequential category levels of memory, two types of memory recollection, physical structure of memory, basic factors affecting memory, forgetting, the ebbinghaus forgetting curve, reasons for forgetting information, memorization technique
The study of human memory has been a subject of science and philosophy for thousands of years and has become one of the major topics of interest within cognitive psychology.
But what exactly is memory? How are memories formed? The following overview offers a brief look at what memory is, how it works and how it is organized.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
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Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
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https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
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Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
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Human Memory
1. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
1
Chapter 7
MEMORY
Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
Section 3: Three Stages of Memory
Section 4: Forgetting and Memory Improvement
2. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
2
Chapter 7Chapter 7
What is Memory?
Memory is the process by which we recollect
prior experiences and information and skills
learned in the past.
One way to classify memory is according to
the different kinds of information it contains:
events, general knowledge, and skills.
Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory
3. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Question: What are the three kinds of memory?
THREE KINDS OF MEMORY
Episodic memory – memory of a specific event that
took place in the person’s presence or through
experience
Semantic memory – general knowledge that people
remember
Implicit memory – a memory that consists of the
skills and procedures one has learned
Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory
4. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Episodic Memory
Episodic Memory is memory of a specific event
Flashbulb memories--Events so important that it seems as
if a flashbulb goes off and we photograph it in every
detail.
There are several reasons why certain memories become
etched in our minds when the “flashbulb” goes off.
Sometimes places or events make an impression on us
because they are connected to other events that are
important at the time, such as a major disaster or tragedy.
Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory
5. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Semantic Memory
Semantic memory – general knowledge that people
remember
We usually do not remember when we acquired the
information in our semantic memory.
Examples of semantic memory
You remember the alphabet, but you do not remember
where, when or how you learned it.
Most of what you have learned in your classes at school
has become part of your semantic memory.
Episodic and semantic memories are both examples of
explicit memory.
Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory
6. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
6
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Implicit Memory
The opposite of explicit is implicit and another kind
of memory is implicit memory
Implicit memory – a memory that consists of the
skills and procedures one has learned
Things that are implicit are implied or not clearly
stated
Memories consist of the skills or procedures you have
learned—throwing a ball, jumping rope, typing, using
a computer, playing a musical instrument.
Once skills have been learned, they tend to stay
remembered for many years perhaps even a lifetime.
Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory
7. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
7
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Question: What are the three processes of memory?
THREE PROCESSES OF MEMORY
Encoding – the translation of information into a form in
which it can be stored
Storage – the second process of memory and is the
maintenance of encoded information over a period of
time
Retrieval – third process of memory; consists of locating
stored information and returning it to conscious thought
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
8. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Encoding
The first stage of processing information
When we place information into our memory like
computers, we encode it.
We convert the physical stimulation we have received
into psychological formats that can be mentally
represented.
On a sheet of paper write this list of letters
OTTFFSSENT
Look at the letters for 30 seconds and memorize as
much of the list as possible.
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
9. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
9
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Visual codes
Did you try to see them in your mind as a
picture?
If so, you used visual code.
You tried to form a mental picture of the
letters in your mind.
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
10. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
10
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Acoustic Codes—
Did you read the list to yourself and repeat it
several times?
You may have said the letters one after another
trying to remember the letters
The acoustic code records the letter in your
memory as a sequence of sounds.
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
11. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Semantic codes
A semantic code represents information in terms of its
meaning.
You may have tried to find words that begin with each
letter in the list.
What you may not have realized when you first examined
the list is that the letters OTTFFSSENT
By using semantic codes, you can memorize lists of
letters and other items more easily and will probably
remember them for a longer amount of time than you
would otherwise.
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
12. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Storage
Once information is encoded it must be stored
This is the second stage in the memory process.
Human storage of information is not all that different
from a computer’s storage of information.
With a computer, the user must instruct the machine
to save information in its memory.
Otherwise it will lose the newly encoded information
when the user shuts off the computer.
People who want to store new information in their
memory use a variety of strategies.
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
13. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Maintenance Rehearsal—repeating information over and
over again to keep from forgetting.
The more time spent in rehearsing or repeating
information the longer the information will be
remembered.
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
14. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
14
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Chunking
Chunking—the organization of items into familiar or
manageable units.
Most people can not remember more than 9 items at a
time in their short-term memory.
15. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
15
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Interference
Only a limited amount of information can be retained in
short-term memory.
Interference occurs when new information appears in
short-term memory and takes the place of what is already
there.
Short-term memory is very useful but it is only a
temporary solution to the problem of remembering
information.
16. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Capacity of Memory
Psychologists have yet to discover a limit to how
much can be stored in a person’s long-term memory.
Even though there is no limit to how much we can
remember, we do not store all of our experiences
permanently.
We are more apt to remember things that capture our
attention. If we get distracted or uninvolved with
what is occurring around us, we are not going to
remember as much as we will if we are interested or
paying attention.
17. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Recognition
Recognition—is one of the three basic memory tasks.
It involves identifying objects or events that have been
encountered before.
It is the easiest of the learning tasks. For example—
Multiple Choice tests, you only have to recognize the
correct answer.
18. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Recall
Recall something means to bring it back to mind.
You try to reconstruct it in your mind.
19. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Relearning
The third basic memory task is relearning.
People who have been out of school for 25 years
might not remember the algebraic formulas they
learned when they were in high school. However,
they could probably relearn them very quickly if
someone showed them how to use them again.
We can usually relearn fairly rapidly things we once
knew but forgotten.
20. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
20
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Repression
We sometimes forget things on purpose
without even knowing we are doing it.
We forget them by pushing them out of our
consciousness.
Freud called this kind of forgetting repression.
21. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Amnesia
Amnesia is severe memory loss caused by
brain injury, shock, fatigue, illness, or
repression.
22. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
22
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Infantile Amnesia
Some people think that they can remember special
events that took place in their infancy, but they cannot.
Freud found that they could not remember things that
had happened to them before the age of three. This
forgetting of early events is called infantile amnesia.
People in their 70s and 80s have many precise
memories of their life between the ages of 6 and 10.
College freshmen have difficulty remembering events
that occurred before the age of 6, even though these
events occurred only 13 or 14 years earlier.
23. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
PPSYCHOLOGYSYCHOLOGY
PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 7Chapter 7
Improving Memory
Repetition is one fairly effective way to transfer
information from sensory memory to short-term
memory and from short-term memory to long-term
memory.