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![Another Motivation: “To Belong”
What do people need
besides food and sex?
Aristotle: friends
Alfred Adler: community
In Middle English, to be
wretched [wrecche] means
to “be without kin nearby”
Roy Baumeister, Mark
Leary, and Abraham
Maslow:
“To Belong.” Belonging refers to being
connected to others; part of
a group or family or
community.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/motivation-200313164852/85/Motivation-58-320.jpg)
![The Psychology of the
Workplace:
Industrial-
Organizational
[I/O]Psychology
I/O psychology includes three
different areas of focus
Personnel psychology:
hiring and evaluating
Organizational
psychology:
management,
supervision, leadership,
and teamwork
Human factors
psychology:
how workers interface
with machines and the
environment](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/motivation-200313164852/85/Motivation-63-320.jpg)
More Related Content
Motivation
- 1.
- 8. Top 3 Drivesthat Motivate Humans… (1) Hunger (2) Sex (3) Belongingness
- 10. Motivation • Instinct Theory:we are motivated by our inborn automated behaviors. • But instincts only explain why we do a small fraction of our behaviors.
- 13. Drive Reduction Theory •Our behavior is motivated by BIOLOGICAL NEEDS. • Wants to maintain homeostasis. • When we are not, we have a need that creates a drive. • Primary versus Secondary drives
- 15. Arousal Theory • Weare motivated to seek an optimum level of arousal. • Yerkes-Dodson Law
- 18. Maslow’s Hierarchy ofNeeds • Abraham Maslow said we are motivated by needs, and all needs are not created equal. • We are driven to satisfy the lower level needs first.
- 19.
- 20. Biological Basis ofHunger • Hunger does NOT come from our stomach. It comes from our… • Brain What part of the brain? • The Hypothalamus
- 22. Hypothalamus Lateral Hypothalamus • Whenstimulated it makes you hungry. • When lesioned (destroyed) you will never be hungry again. Ventromedial Hypothalamus • When stimulated you feel full. • When lesioned you will never feel full again.
- 23. Set Point Theory •The hypothalamus acts like a thermostat. • Wants to maintain a stable weight. • Activate the lateral when you diet and activate the ventromedial when you start to gain weight.
- 24. Leptin Theory • 1970sstudy-hormone removal • Leptin is a hormone that targets the hypothalamus to regulate food intake and body weight. • Obesity is no longer thought to be the result of a lack of will power, but rather a hormonal imbalance. (A) Effects of leptin deficiency (B) (B) After treatment with leptin
- 25. Body Chemistry • Glucose •The hormone insulin converts glucose to fat. • When glucose levels drop- hunger increases.
- 26. Psychological Aspects ofHunger • Internals versus Externals • The Garcia Effect
- 27.
- 28. Criadillas- bull testicles. MiceWine Dog Fried Frog Legs
- 31. Eating Disorders Bulimia Nervosa •Characterized by binging (eating large amounts of food) and purging (getting rid of the food).
- 32. Anorexia Nervosa • Starvethemselves to below 85% of their normal body weight. • See themselves as fat. • Vast majority are woman. Click on the woman to watch a case study of an anorexic.
- 33. Obesity • Severely overweight tothe point where it causes health issues. • Mostly eating habits but some people are predisposed towards obesity. Click on the pictures to see some case studies on obesity.
- 37.
- 41. Sexual Motivation • Sexis natural. • Without sex, none of us would be here. • How do scientists (or you) find out about sex? YOU ASK Questions!!!!!!
- 42. Kinsey’s Studies • Confidentialinterviews with 18,000 people (in early 1950’s). • Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female • Scale of sexuality….0 to 6 where 0 is exclusively heterosexual and 6 homosexual and 7 is asexual. Click on Kinsey to see the movie trailer.
- 47. Masters and JohnsonStudy • In the 1960’s William Masters and Virginia Johnson set out to explore the physiology of sex. • 382 females and 312 males. After their research was done they ran an institute that claimed to turn gay people straight. Click on Masters and Johnson to see a more detailed explanation of their research.
- 48. Mapped out the SexualResponse Cycle • Initial Excitement • Plateau Phase • Orgasm • Resolution Phase (with refractory period).
- 49. Psychological Factors inSexual Motivation • Only some people are extrinsic when it comes to hunger- but we are all extrinsic when it comes to sex. • Heiman 4 tape study: • People can find sexually explicit images either pleasing or disturbing- but they are none the less biologically arousing.
- 50. We have discussedthe energizing of sexual motivation but have yet to discuss its direction: Sexual Orientation An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own gender or the other gender.
- 51. How is SexualOrientation Determined • There has been NO evidence that sexuality is socially determined. • Kids raised by gay parents are no more likely to be gay that if they were raised by hetero parents. • Likely biologically determined.
- 52. The Brain • SimonLeVay discovered that there is a cluster of cells in the hypothalamus that is larger in heterosexual men than in heterosexual women or homosexual men.
- 53. Prenatal Environment • Currentresearch seems to point to the hormonal levels in the prenatal environment. • We have created homosexual male fruit flies and lesbian sheep!!!
- 54. Homosexuality and Psychology •Prior to and throughout most of the 20th century, common standard psychology viewed homosexuality in terms of pathological models as a mental illness. • In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association declassified homosexuality as a mental disorder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
- 56. Sexuality & Gender- straight & narrow or round & bouncy? • Is our sexuality and gender identity fixed? Or flexible and responsive to others? At TEDxBloomington, Danielle McClelland introduces a new model for gender identity, sexuality, and relationships. https://www.yo utube.com/wat ch?v=sCZiXfaa 9ro&spfreload= 10&scrlybrkr
- 58. Another Motivation: “ToBelong” What do people need besides food and sex? Aristotle: friends Alfred Adler: community In Middle English, to be wretched [wrecche] means to “be without kin nearby” Roy Baumeister, Mark Leary, and Abraham Maslow: “To Belong.” Belonging refers to being connected to others; part of a group or family or community.
- 59. The Need toBelong Leads to: loyalty to friends, teams, groups, and families. However, the need to belong also leads to: • changing our appearance to win acceptance. • staying in abusive relationships. • joining gangs, nationalist groups, and violent organizations.
- 60. Social Networking = SocialConnection? Portrayal of one’s self online is often close to one’s actual sense of self. Use of social networking can become a compulsion, sacrificing face-to-face interaction and in-depth conversation.
- 61. Achievement Motivation What motivatesus to work? (School, job, sports, video games, relationships etc..) Intrinsic Motivators • Rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction. Extrinsic Motivators • Reward that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves (grades or money or etc..) • Work great in the short run.
- 63. The Psychology ofthe Workplace: Industrial- Organizational [I/O]Psychology I/O psychology includes three different areas of focus Personnel psychology: hiring and evaluating Organizational psychology: management, supervision, leadership, and teamwork Human factors psychology: how workers interface with machines and the environment
- 64. Management Theory Management/Teaching stylesrelate closely to Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivators. Theory X • Managers believes that employees will work only if rewarded with benefits or threatened with punishment. • Think employees are Extrinsically Motivated. • Only interested in Maslow’s lower needs. Theory Y • Managers believe that employees are internally motivated to do good work and policies should encourage this internal motive. • Interested in Maslow’s higher needs.
- 65. When Motives Conflict •approach-approach conflict • avoidance-avoidance conflict • approach-avoidance conflict • Multiple approach- avoidance conflicts
Editor's Notes
- #59 Click to reveal bullets and definition.
- #60 Click to reveal text box. Abusive relationships typically undermine our autonomy and our sense of self-efficacy/competence. Ironically, this makes us less likely to leave an abusive relationship.
- #61 Click to reveal bullets. Regarding the face-to-face interaction: I suggest pointing out here that something called “Facebook” may have reduced our exposure to both faces and books.
- #64 No animation.