Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information over time. It involves three main systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory stores initial perceptions briefly, while short-term memory holds information for around 15-25 seconds through rehearsal. Long-term memory stores information more permanently through different types like declarative and procedural memory. Encoding information from short-term to long-term memory can occur automatically or through effortful encoding methods like elaboration to form associations. Forgetting occurs when we can no longer retrieve stored information from long-term memory, potentially due to repression, interference, or distortion over time.

1. MEMORY

2. WHAT IS MEMORY?
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF MEMORY IN
LEARNING?

3. MEMORY
-THEPROCESS BY WHICH WE ENCODE,
STORE AND RETRIEVE INFORMATION.

4. MEMORY PROCESS
ENCODING STORAGE RETRIEVAL
(INFORMATION SAVED FOR (RECOVERY OF STORED
(INITIAL ERECORDING OF FUTURE USE) INFO)
INFO)

5. THE THREE SYSTEMS OF MEMORY
SENSORY MEMORY-THE INITIAL,MOMENTARY
STORAGE OF INFORMATION,LASTING ONLY AN
INSTANT.
SHORT TERM MEMORY-MEMORY THAT HOLDS
INFORMATION FOR 15 TO 25 SEC.
LONG TERM MEMORY-MEMORY THAT STORES
INFORMATION ON A RELATIVELY PERMANENT
BASIS,ALTHOUGH IT MAY BE DIFFICULT TO
RETRIEVE.

6. SHORT-TERM MEMORY LONG-TERM MEMORY
SENSORY MEMORY (REPETITIVE (ELABORATE REHEARSAL
REHEARSAL,RETAINS INFO. MOVES INFO.INTO LONG-
IN SHORT TERM MEMORY) TERM MEMORY)

7. SENSORY MEMORY
-THE FIRST REPOSITORY OF THE
INFORMATION THE WORLD PRESENTS TO
US.
-FORGETTING TYPICALLY WITHIN 1 SEC.

8. TYPES OF SENSORY MEMORY
1. ICONIC MEMORY-SENSORY MEMORY
THAT REFLECTS INFORMATION FROM THE
VISUAL SYSTEM.
2.ECHOIC MEMORY-SENSORY MEMORY
THAT STORES AUDITORY INFORMATION
COMING FROM THE EARS.

9. SHORT TERM MEMORY (WORKING MEMORY)
-MEMORIES THAT ARE STORED FOR ONLY FEW
SECONDS.
CHUNK-A MEANINGFUL GROUPING OF STIMULI THAT
CAN STORED AS A UNIT IN SHORT TERM-MEMORY.

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11. REHEARSAL- THE REPETITION OF
INFORMATION THAT HAS ENTERED SHORT-
TERM MEMORY.

12. LONG TERM MEMORY-MEMORY THAT
STORES INFORMATION ON A RELATIVELY
PERMANENT BASIS.

13. TYPES OF LONG TERM MEMORY
1. DECLARATIVE MEMORY-MEMORY FOR FACTUAL INFORMATION:
NAMES,FACES,DATES, AND THE LIKE.
2. PROCEDURAL MEMORY-MEMORY FOR SKILLS AND
HABITS,SUCH AS RIDING A BIKE AND HITTING A
BASEBALL,SOMETIMES REFERRED AS A NON DECLARATIVE
MEMORY.
3. SEMANTIC MEMORY-MEMORY FOR GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND
FACTS ABOUT THE WORLD,AS WELL AS MEMORY OF THE RULES IN
LOGIC THAT ARE USED TO DEDUCE OTHER FACTS.

14. ENCODING OR TRANSFERRING
THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF ENCODING OR TRANSFERRING OF
INFORMATION FROM SHORT-TERM MEMORY TO LONG TERM-MEMORY.
AUTOMATIC ENCODING-IT IS THE TRANSFER OF INFORMATION FROM
SHORT-TERM MEMORY INTO LONG-TERM MEMORY WITHOUT ANY
AWARENESS. EX, PERSONAL EXPERIENCES AND CONVERSATION,
INTERESTING FACTS, LEARNING HOW TO PERFORM VARIOUS SKILLS.
EFFORTFUL ENCODING-IT INVOLVES TRANSFER OF INFORMATION FROM
SHORT-TERM MEMORY TO LONG-TERM MEMORY EITHER BY WORKING
HARD TO REPEAT OR REHEARSE THE INFORMATION OR BY MAKING
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN NEW AND OLD INFORMATION.

15. METHODS OF EFFORTFUL ENCODING
1. MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL-REFERS TO SIMPLY
REPEATING OR REHEARSING THE INFORMATION
RATHER THAN FORMING NEW ASSOCIATION.
2. ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL-INVOLVES ACTIVELY
MAKING MEANINGFUL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN
INFORMATION TO BE LEARNED WITH INFORMATION
ALREADY STORED IN LONG TERM MEMORY.

16. ENCODING EFFECTS
1. PRIMACY EFFECT-REFERS TO BETTER RECALL OR
IMPROVEMENT IN RETENTION.
2.RECENCY EFFECT-REFERS TO BETTER RECALL AT
THE END OF A TASK.

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18. THEORY ON MEMORY AND FORGETTING
FORGETTING-IS THE INABILITY TO RETRIEVE,RECALL
OR ORGANIZE INFORMATION THAT WAS STORED OR
STILL STORED IN LONG TERM MEMORY.
REASONS FOR FORGETTING
1. REPRESSION
2.INTERFERENCE
3. SYSTEMATIC DISTORTION