1. Ih¿tÃmdn
l¿jv aµ¿
C∂sØ C¥y-bn¬
Hcp apkven-am-bn-cn-
°pI F∂m¬
""apkven-ambn F∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ ]e- n-e°pw kz¥w
cmPyØv c≠mw-Xcw ]uc-mbn Npcp-°-s∏-´Xv t]mse
Fn°v Ap-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. mw kvtln-°p∂ C¥y Hm-
tcm Znh-khpw ap°v jvSam-hp-IbmtWm F∂pw Rm≥
- -
`b-s∏-Sp-∂p.''
Cu hm°p-Ifm-W,v Nn√d am‰-ßtfm-sS, cmPy-Øns‚
-
hnZqc Zn°p-I-fn¬n∂v FØn-t®¿∂-h-cpsS sshhn-[y-
Bbn-cØn mq‰n ap∏Xv Zp¬JAZv Ccp-]Øn-bmdv
-

2. n߃ apkven-amtWm, F¶n¬ nß-fpsS Ipehpw
sXmgnepw F¥m-h-s´, n߃ Xma-kn-°p∂ ÿew
Fhn-sS-bp-am-h-s´ n-ß-ƒ kpc-£n-X--√. n-߃ Hcp
apkven-am-bm¬, {]tXy-In®v Hcp apkvenw ]pcp-j-m-bm¬
n߃ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn `oI-c-X-bpsS t]cn¬ kwi-bn-°-
s∏-Sp-sa-∂XmWv ne. nß-fpsS Ip‰w sXfn-bn-t°≠
-
_m[y-Xsbm∂pw `c-WIq-SØn-n-√. nß-fpsS nc-]cm-
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[nXzw sXfn-bn-t°≠ _m[yX n߃°v Xs∂-bm-Wv.
am¿∂ kzc-ß-fn¬ apg-ßn-b-Xv. C∂v C¥y-bn¬ apkvenw-I-fpsS ÿnXn F¥v
F∂v N¿® sNøm≥ Z¬ln-bn¬ Cu tZiob ktΩ-fw hnfn®p tN¿ØXv
A≥lZv F∂ kwL-S--bmWv; 2009 HIvtSm-_¿ 3 apX¬ 5 hsc Xob-Xn-I-fn¬.
cmPy-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬n∂v nc-h[n hy‡n-Xz-ßfpw kwL-Sm {]Xn-
n-[n-Ifpw ]s¶-Sp-Øp. C¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb yq-]-£-Ønse AwK-ß-
sf∂ ne-bn¬ Ah¿ kz¥w Pohn-X-sØbpw _‘-ß-sfbpw sXmgn-en-sbpw
`c-W-Iq-S-sØbpw Ipdn®v kwkm-cn-®p. k‘y sshIp-thmfw o≠ Cu ]ncn-ap-
dp-°-ap≈ N¿®-I-fn¬ Ae-b-Sn® hnIm-c-߃ ZpxJhpw taml-`w-Khpw h¿[n®p
hcp∂ ncm-i-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. `c-W-IqS ÿm]--ß-sf-°p-dn®v Ah¿ h√msX
ncm-i-cmbn; {]tXy-In®v t]meo-kn-sbpw PpUo-jy-dn-sbbpw Ipdn-®v. cmjv{Sob
]m¿´n-I-fnepw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc aoUn-b-bnepw Ah¿°v {]Xo£ jvS-s∏-´n-cn-
°p-∂p. hn´p-am-dmØ `b-Øns‚ am-kn-Im-h-ÿbpw Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-
∂p.
Hcp-h-i-Øv, Xmtm Xs‚ CjvS-P--ßtfm `oI-c-hm-Zn-I-sf∂v ap{Z-Ip-Ø-
s∏-Sptam F∂ nXm¥ `oXn. AtXm-sSm-∏w, Zo¿L-Imew nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn XS-
¶-en¬ ]m¿∏n-°-s∏-Sptam F∂ DXvI-WvT. Pmayw In´msX hcn-I, a¿Z--ap-d-
Iƒ, GI-]-£o-b-amb Atz-j-Whpw hnNm-c-Wbpw, nb-a-]-cn-[n-bn¬ s]SmØ
sIme-]m-XIw ˛ CØcw `oXn-Ifpw A-hsc ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p. adp-h-i-Øv, nXy-Po-
hn-XØn¬ Ah¿ tcn-Sp∂ hnth-Nw ˛ hnZym-`ym-kØn¬, sXmgn-en¬, ]m¿∏nSw
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Ap-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬, s]mXp-tk-h taJ-e-I-fn¬. CsX√mw kap-Zm-bsØ Zmcn-
{Zy-Øn-s‚bpw IjvS-∏m-Sn-s‚bpw {]Xo-£-b‰ Ah-ÿ-I-fn¬ Xf-®n-Sp-∂p. `c-W-
Iq-S-Øns‚ F√m ÿm]--ß-fnepw ]nSn-ap-dp-°nb h¿Kob ap-≥[m-cW CXn-
sms° hfwsh®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. t]meo-knepw s]mXp-ta-Jem
ÿm]-ßfnepw PpUo-jy-dn-bnepw GXm-s≠√m cmjv{Sob ]m-¿´n-Ifnepw CØcw
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ap≥[m-c-W-Iƒ n-e-n¬°p-∂p. {]n‚ v-˛-hn-jz¬ aoUn-b-bnepw a[y-h¿K kaq-l-
ß-fnepw ÿn-Xn H´pw t`Z-a-√. H∏w, h¿Kob kwL-S--Iƒ hfsc hyh-ÿm-]n-
X-ambn kap-Zm-b-߃°n-S-bn¬ shdp∏pw A-I-¬-®-bpw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
cmPy-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-¬-n∂v dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Ac-£n-Xm-
hÿ Cu ap≥hn-[n-bp-sS-bpw, `oI-cXm sh√p-hn-fn-Isf nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambpw nb-
c≠m-bn-cØn-sbmºXv
- hw_¿ ]Xn-mev

3. a-Øns‚ Ic-߃°v ]nSn-sIm-Sp-°m-sXbpw t]meokv tcn-Sp-∂-Xn-s‚bpw ^e-
ambn D≠m-bn-Øo¿∂-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm `oI-cm-{I-a-W-Ønv tijhpw Cu ]mt‰¨
Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. Cn `oI-cm-{I-a-W-߃ S-∂ns√-¶n¬ Xs∂
kwÿm `c-WIq-S߃ Ah-Im-is∏-Sp-I, KqVm-tem-N D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw
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AXv X߃ Is≠Øn n¿ho-cy-am°n F∂p-am-bn-cn-°pw.
tNmc-bp-d-bp∂
amXrIm n¿anXn
t]meokv nb-a-hn-cp≤ hmgvN-bpsS tNmc-bp-d-bp∂ amXrIm n¿an-
Xn(pattern)bpsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ alm-cm-jv{S, KpP-dm-Øv, DØ¿{]tZ-iv, PΩp-Iivao¿,
-
cmP-ÿm≥ XpS-ßnb kwÿm-ßfn¬n∂v ap°v e`n-°pw. ap-kenw-Isf {]tXy-
- - -v
In®v bphm-°sf {Inan-¬ dn°m¿Up-I-fn¬ km[m-cW Ah-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ hcm-
dn-s√-¶n-epw, kn-hn-¬ thj-Øn-se-Ønb t]meokv A-h-sc nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn
s]m°p-∂p. A-hsc IÆp-sI´n AS-bm-f-°p-dn-I-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ hml--Øn¬
t]meokv tÃj-n-te-°√ sIm≠pt]m-Ip-∂Xv; ^mwlukv t]mep≈ CS-ß-fn-
te-°m-Wv. Ahn-sS-sh®v Ahsc ]oUn-∏n®v `oIc IrXy-߃ sNbvX-Xmbn Ah-
sc-s°m≠v kΩ-Xn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]ecpw AXn-`o-I-c-amb ]oU--ap-d-Iƒ°mWv Cc-
bm-hp-∂-Xv. Ipd-®p-t]¿ nb-a-Ønv {]th-i--an-√mØ "G‰p-ap-´-en'¬ sIm√-s∏-
Sp-∂p. _m°n-bp-≈-hsc Ipsd Znh-ksØ nb-a-hn-cp≤ XS-¶-env tijw aPn-
kvt{S-‰p-am-cpsS apºn¬ lmP-cm-°p-∂p. ]oUn-∏n-®-Xn-s‚bpw a‰pw apdn-hp-Iƒ
Ah¿ ax-]q¿hw I≠n-s√∂v Sn-°p-∂p. ]ns∂ HutZym-Kn-I-am-bn-Øs∂ Cu
sNdp-∏-°msc o´n-s°m-SpØ t]meokv IÃ-Un-bn¬ hnSp-∂p. ]e-Xcw cmPy-
t{Zm-l-˛-`o-I-c-Ip-‰-ß-fmWv Ch-cpsS t]cn¬ Npa-Øn-bn-´p-≠m-hp-I. 20 apX¬ 50
hsc Ip‰-ß-fp-≠mhpw Nne-t∏mƒ. CsXms° hnhn[ kwÿm--ß-fn¬ sh®v
sNbvXp F∂m-bn-cn°pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠m-hp-I. bphm-°-ƒ-°v {]Xn-tcm-[n-
°m≥ Ign-bmØ hn[-am-bn-cn°pw Ip‰-߃ Nm¿Pv sNbvXn-cn-°p-I. nb-a-kw-hn-
[mw tcmw-hÆw {]h¿Øn-®m¬ Xs∂ h¿j-ß-sf-Sp°pw (Nn-e-t∏mƒ ]Xn-‰m-
≠p-I-fpw) Cu tIkp-I-fn¬ hmZw tIƒ°mpw Hmtcmcp-Ø-s‚bpw Imcy-Øn¬
Hcp hn[n-Xo¿∏n-se-Ømpw. Cu h¿j-ß-f-{Xbpw bphm-°ƒ XS-¶-en¬ Xs∂-
bm-bn-cn-°pw. jvS-s∏´ h¿j-߃t°m Ah-cpsS D‰-h¿ Ap-`-hn® thZ--
Iƒt°m H∂pwXs∂ ]I-c-am-hn-√.
`oI-c-_-‘-߃ Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-sa-t∂m, AXns‚ t]cn¬ XS-¶-en-e-S-
°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw G‰p-ap-´-en¬ h[n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Zo-¿-Ln-®
GI-]-£ob hnNm-c-W°v hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-sat∂m D≈ `oXn-bn-
√msX apkvenw maw t]dp∂ Gd-°psd GsXm-cmƒ°pw Pohn-°m-m-hn-√ F∂-
XmWv ÿnXn. n߃ apkven-amtWm, F¶n¬ nß-fpsS Ipehpw sXmgnepw
F¥m-h-s´, n߃ Xma-kn-°p∂ ÿew Fhn-sS-bp-am-h-s´ n-ß-ƒ kpc-£n-X-
-√. CubnsS shfn-®-Øm-b lnµpXz `oIc kwL-S--I-fpsS sN-bvXn-I-fpsS
Imcy-Øn¬ Xo¿Øpw hy-Xy-kXamb am-ZfißfmWv kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂Xpw
v - - - -
{it≤-b-am-Wv. n-߃ Hcp apkven-am-bm¬, {]tXy-In®v Hcp apkvenw ]pcp-j-m-
bm¬ n߃ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn `oI-c-X-bpsS t]cn¬ kwi-bn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂-XmWv
ne. nß-fpsS Ip‰w sXfn-bn-t°≠ _m[y-X-sbm∂pw `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-n-√. nß-
Bbn-cØn mq‰n ap∏Xv Zp¬JAZv Ccp-]Øn-bmdv
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4. Cu i_vZ߃ Cc-bm-°s∏-´, oXn-n-tj-[n-°s∏´ Hcp
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kap-Zm-bØn-t‚Xv am{X-a√. Pm-[n-]Xyw, atX-XcXzw,
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kmtlm-Z-cyw, nb-a-hmgvN XpSßnb C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-
-bpsS ASn-ÿm aqey-k¶¬]-߃s°-Xnsc Db-cp∂
-
sh√p-hn-fn-IfmWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ch-sbm-s°. `oj-Wn-
-
bpsS ng-en¬ n¬°p-∂Xv Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-
Øns‚ `mhntbm ]ptcm-K-Xntbm A√-Xm-pw. sh√p-hn-fn-
°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw B{I-an-°s∏-Sp-∂Xpw C¥y F∂
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Bibw Xs∂-bmWv.
fpsS nc-]-cm-[nXzw sXfn-bn-t°≠ _m[yX n߃°v Xs∂-bm-Wv.
ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp∂
taml-߃
`oI-c-X-bpsS t]cn¬ X߃ D∂wsh°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂-Xn¬ HXp-ßp-∂n-√
apkvenw ]uc-∑m-cpsS D¬°-WvT. C¥y-bpsS hnI-k--Øn¬ Xpey ]¶m-fn-I-fm-
hp-I-sb∂ apkvenw kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS B{Klw k^-e-am-ImØ Imcyhpw
ktΩ-f--Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØh¿ Nq≠n-°m-´n. Db¿∂ hnZym-`ymkw tSp-∂-Xns‚
{]m[m-y-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv ]ecpw kwkm-cn-®Xv. kap-Zm-bØns‚ hnZym-`ymk taJ-
- -
e-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ apX¬ap-S°v D≠m-h-W-sa∂v Ah¿°v B{K-l-ap-≠v.
k®m¿ IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´n¬ F-Sp-Øp]d™ ]n∂m° hn`m-K-ß-fpsS D-∂-
a-Ønv bp.-]n.F Kh¨sa‚ v S-∏m-°p∂ kvIoap-IfpsS LS-m-]camb t]mcm-
- - - -
bva-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Bg-Øn-ep-≈-Xpw kq£va-hp-amb Ah-tem-I--߃ S-∂p.
Btfm-lcn hnlnXw tm°n-bm¬ kap-Zm-b-Ønv th≠n o°n-sh-°p∂ XpI
Ct∏mgpw Zb-o-bamw hn[w ip-jvIw Xs∂-bm-Wv. apkvenw-Iƒ [mcm-f-ap≈ Pn√-
I-fn¬ {]Jym-]n-®n-´p≈ ap-X¬apS°v IqSn-h∂m¬ kap-Zmb P-kw-Jy-bpsS ap∏Xv
-
iX-am--Ønv am-{Xta FØp-I-bp-≈q. bp.-]n.F Kh-¨-sa‚ns‚ {i-t≤-b-amb
kap-Zmb hnI-k ]≤-Xn-I-sf√mw Xs∂ apkvenw-I-ƒ IqSp-X-ep≈ Pn√-Isf
tI{µo-I-cn-®m-Wv. kap-Zm-bmw-K-ßsf am{Xw apºn¬ I≠p≈ ]≤-Xn-I-f√ Ch-
sbm-∂pw. ^-≠v t]m-Ip-∂Xv AXXv Pn√-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm kuIcy hnI-k--
Øn-m-I-bm-¬, kap-Zm-b-Ønse Ah-i¿°v t-¿-°ptsc klmbw In´m-p≈
km[y-X Ipd-hm-Wv. s]mXpsh kzmKXw sN-ø-s∏-´-XmWv apkvenw B¨Ip-´n-I-
ƒ-°pw s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°p-ap≈ kvtIm-f¿-jn-∏v. AXnpw S-Øn∏v kw_-‘-
amb yq-XIfp-≠v. tZi-km¬IrX _m¶p-Iƒ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ^nm≥kv ÿm]-
- -
-߃ apkvenw-Iƒ°v hmbv] -¬-Im-≥ Xbm-dm-Ip-∂n√ F∂-XmWv as‰mcp
{]ivw.
`oIc IrXy-ß-f-√m-sX, a‰p {Inan-¬ Ip‰-ßfpw apkvenw-Iƒs°-Xnsc
Nm¿Pv sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Pbn-ep-I-fn¬ {I-am-Xo-X-ambn Db-cp∂ apkvenw XS-hp-Im-
cpsS FÆw AXns‚ kqN--bm-Wv. B`y-¥-cw, hnZym-`ym-kw, kmaq-ln-I-t£aw
XpS-ßnb a¿a-{]-[m-amb hIp-∏p-Ifnse XkvXn-IIƒ Ct∏mgpw ssI-hiwsh®n-
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cn-°p-∂Xv h¿Kob Bi-b-ß-tfmSpw kwL-S--I-tfmSpw Ap-`mhw ]pe¿Øp-∂-
c≠m-bn-cØn-sbmºXv
- hw_¿ ]Xn-mev

5. h-cm-Wv. tI{µ-˛-kw-ÿm k¿°m-dp-I-fn¬ Hcp-t]mse CXmWv ÿnXn. Chsc
Is≠Øn am‰p-∂-Xnv bp.-]n.F Kh¨sa‚ v Imcy-ambn H∂pw sNbvXn-´n-√.
kap-Zm-b-Øn-s-Xn-sc-bp≈ C-Ø-cw ap≥hn-[n-Iƒ `c-W-kw-hn-[m--Øn¬
am{X-a-√, AXnv ]pdØpw ne-n-¬-°p-∂p-s≠∂v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-´p. H-cp
hn`mKw aoUnb Nne h¿Kob hm-¿-∏p amXr-I-Iƒ ]S-®p-hn-Sp-I-bm-Wv. `oI-c-kw-
_-‘amb Ad-Ãp-Ifnepw G-‰p-ap-´¬ h[-ßfnepw aoUnb t]meokv `m-jy-ßsf
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bmsXmcp hna¿ihpw IqSmsX A∏Sn kwt{]-jWw sNøp-I-bm-Wv. ]m-T-]p-kvX-
I-ß-fnepw CXpt]m-ep≈ hn-th-N--߃ ImWmw. {Kma-ß-fn¬ ]m-¿°p∂
cmPysØ aney≥ IW-°nv Z-cn{Z hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v ]mT-]p-kvXIa√m-sX as‰mcp
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A®-Sn® ]pkvX-Ihpw e`y-a-√m-Xn-cns° CØcw ap≥[m-c-W-Iƒ IS-Øn-°q-´p-
∂Xv henb A]-ISw sN-øpw.
Aapkvenw Gcn-b-I-fn¬ apkvenw-Iƒ°v hoSv hmS-It°m hnebvt°m In-
´m≥ {]bm-kam-sW∂v C¥y-bpsS ]e-`m-Kßfn¬n∂pw dnt∏m¿´p-Ifp-≠.v kvIqfp-
- - - -
I-fnepw Db¿∂ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-ßfnepw AUvan-js‚ Im-cy-hpw CXp-t]mse
- -
Xs∂. apkvenw-I-fpsS Pohtm]m[n-Iƒ Bkq-{Xn-X-ambn X-I¿°m≥ {iaw S-
Øp-∂-Xmbpw ]cmXn Db-cp-∂p. lnµp s]¨Ip-´n-Isf dm©n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h-cmbpw
lnµp-°ƒ°v ]hn-{X-amb ]ip-hns sIm√p-∂-h-cmbpw A-h¿ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂p. CXn-s-°p-dn-s®√mw ktΩ-f--Øn¬ kwkm-c-ap-≠m-bn.
Cu i_vZ-߃ Cc-bm-°-s∏-´, o-Xn-n-tj-[n-°-s∏´ Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øn-t‚-
Xv am{X-a-√. Pm-[n-]-Xyw, atX-X-c-Xzw, kmtlm-Z-cyw, nb-a-hmgvN XpSßnb C-
¥y≥ `c-W-L-S--bpsS ASn-ÿm aq-ey-k-¶¬]-߃s°-Xnsc Db-cp∂ sh-√p-
hn-fn-I-fmWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ch-sbm-s°. `oj-Wn-bpsS ng-en¬ n¬°p-∂Xv
Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ `m-hntbm ]ptcm-K-Xntbm A√-Xm-pw. sh-√p-hn-fn-
°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw B{I-an-°s∏-Sp-∂Xpw C¥y F∂ Bibw Xs∂-bm-Wv (Z lnµp,
-
2009 HIvtSm-_¿ 25).
Bbn-cØn mq‰n ap∏Xv Zp¬JAZv Ccp-]Øn-bmdv
-