Cassie completed

Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
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STRICT IMPLEMENTATION OF ORDINANCE NO. 2 (SERIES OF 2015) ALSO
KNOWN AS “THE COMPREHENSIVE ANTI-SMOKING ORDINANCE OF
TANDAG CITY” PARTICULARLY IN BARANGAY TELAJE TANDAG CITY
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences
In Partial Fulfillment of the Academic Requirements for
Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
Carlo P.Cabrera
Jerald Cris B. Elegino
Julius A. Maturan
Mark Jay C. Rabago
March, 2016

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Table of Contents
Approval Sheet - - - - - - - i
Acknowledgment - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - iii
Abstract - - - - - - - vi
Chapter 1 The Problem and its Scope
Introduction - - - - - - - 2
Conceptual Framework - - - - - - - 5
Schematic Diagram - - - - - - - 6
Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 7
Scope and Limitations - - - - - - - 8
Significance of the Study - - - - - - - 9
Definition of Terms - - - - - - - 11
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature - - - - - - - 17
Related Studies - - - - - - - 26
CHAPTER 3 Research Methodology
Research Design - - - - - - - 27
Research Locale - - - - - - - 27
Respondents of the Study - - - - - - - 28
Instrumentation - - - - - - - 28
Data Gathering Procedure - - - - - - - 28

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Statistical Treatment - - - - - - - 29
Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 Distribution of Respondents’ Age - - - - 31
Figure 2 Distribution of Respondents’ Age - - - - 31
Table 2 Distribution of the Respondents’ Civil Status - - - 31
Table 2 Distribution of the Respondents’ Civil Status - - - 31
Table 3 Distribution of Respondents’ Sex - - - - 32
Figure 3 Distribution of Respondents’ Sex - - - 32
Table 4 Distribution of the Respondents’ Occupation - - - 33
Figure 4 Distribution of the Respondents’ Occupation - - - 33
Table 5 Distribution of the Respondents’ Educational Background - 34
Figure 5 Distribution of the Respondents’ Educational Background - 34
Chapter 5 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary of Findings - - - - - - 37
Conclusions - - - - - - 38
Recommendations - - - - - - 39
References Cited - - - - - - 40
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Request Letter - - - - - - 41
Appendix B Questionnaire - - - - - - 44
Curriculum Vitae - - - - - - - 50

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Approval Sheet
This Undergraduate Thesis entitled ” Anti-Smoking Policy Through
Strict implementation of Ordinance No. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as
“The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly
in Barangay Telaje Tandag City“prepared, presented and submitted by Carlo
P.Cabrera, Jerald Cris B. Elegino, Julius A. Maturan and Mark Jay C.
Rabago in partial fulfillment of the academic requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Political Science has been examined, accepted and recommended
for approval.
ROLITA R. SALVADORA,Ph.D.
Adviser
Panel of Examiners
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of
PASSED.
MARK ANTHONY F. CLAR, Ed.D. CLEOPATRA M. ATRAS, Ph.D.
Member Member
MARIA CRISTINA B. FALLS, Ph.D.
Chairman
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the Academic Requirements for the
Degree of
Date: March 2016
NOELITO M. TOMASINAO, Ed.D.
CAS Dean

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Acknowledgment
From the inspirational lines of Henry Ford “life is a series of experiences,
each one of which makes us bigger, even though sometimes it is hard to realize
this. For the world was built to develop character, and we must learn that the
setbacks and grieves which we endure help us in our marching onward “On the
other hand, we can make things possible with God successfully fulfilled our
dreams. With words of thanks and appreciation:
To Almighty God, for all His blessings and bounties that keep us happy
and faithful through the years,
To our parents, for all the financial and moral assistance and guidance
through the years,
To our groupmates, for their financial and moral support, assistance, help
and time,
To Dr. Lolita Y. Suazes, for her guidance, knowledge, constructive
criticisms and pieces of advice in the process and development of this study,
To Dr. Evelyn T. Bagood for her relentless support and assistance in
editing this Undergraduate thesis,
And to the future researchers and students of this academic paper, for
their willingness learn and share ideas to others of this study,
Again, our warmest words of and thankfulness to all of you of this
academic success.
The Defenders

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Dedication
With the challenges and circumstances that we have faced in the process
and development of this academic paper, we have come to realize that it
signified in enhancing our knowledge, skills and values in life and the success of
every endeavor lies within our hands. In other words, we would like to dedicate
this academic piece of accomplishment:
To Almighty God, for all His blessings and bounties that keep us happy
and faithful through the years,
To our parents, for all the financial and moral assistance and guidance
through the years,
To our groupmates, for their financial and moral support, assistance, help
and time,
To Dr. Lolita Y. Suazes, for her guidance, knowledge, constructive
criticisms and pieces of advice in the process and development of this study,
To Dr. Evelyn T. Bagood for her relentless support and assistance in
editing this Undergraduate thesis,
And to the future researchers and students of this academic paper, for
their willingness learn and share ideas to others of this study,
Again, our warmest words of and thankfulness to all of you of this
academic success.
The Defenders

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Abstract
Title : Anti-Smoking Policy through Strict implementation of Ordinance
no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking
Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag City
Authors: Carlo P.Cabrera, Jerald Cris B. Elegino, Julius A. Maturan and
Mark Jay C. Rabago
Course/Year Level: Bachelor of Political Science Fourth Year Students
Keywords: Awareness, Anti-Smoking Policy, Ordinance, Intervention,
Campaign and Lifestyle
This study aimed to help reinforced the efforts of the Department of Health
for attaining smoke-free community and respond the call of the national health
sector campaign for Anti-smoking would specifically sought to answer the
following questions: (1.) What is the demographic profile of the respondents in
terms of Sex, Age, Educational Background, Occupation, Income Level and
Average size of the Family, (2.) What would be the impact of implementing the
“Comprehensive Anti-smoking Ordinance of Telaje, Tandag City? (3.) Why is this
order been running when people are well aware of the dangers of smoking and
Does the Department of Health and City Government of Tandag focus on health
and safety regarding secondhand smoke, not individual rights?
Findings of the study showed that Respondents’ age revealed that 20-25
years old with the total percentage of 39.30%, 26-30 years old with the total
percentage of 25.30%, 31-40 years old with the total percentage of 23. 30%, 40-

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above years old with the total percentage of 12%, Respondent’s civil status
revealed that single with the total percentage of 31.33%, Married with the total
percentage of 43.33% and Widowed with the total percentage of 25.33%,
Meanwhile, respondent’s civil status revealed that single with the total
percentage of 31.33%, Married with the total percentage of 43.33% and
Widowed with the total percentage of 25.33%, Respondents’ sex revealed that
Male with the total percentage of 54.60% and Female with the total percentage of
45.30%, respondents’ income level which revealed that 5 K with the total
percentage of 22%, 5k-10k with the total percentage of 35% and 10k-15k with
the total percentage of 42%. Furthermore, respondents’ educational attainment
revealed that College with the total percentage of 48%, Secondary with the total
percentage of 30.60% and Elementary with the total percentage of 21.30%,
respondents’ employment setting revealed that City with the total percentage of
40.66%, Municipality with the total percentage of 32.66%, Barrio with the total
percentage of 14.66% and Others with the total percentage of 12%, respondents’
employment type revealed that Professional with the total percentage of 73.33%
and Self-Employed with the total percentage of 26.66%.
Based on the summary of findings, the following conclusions are hereby
drawn and presented: In terms of the respondents’ profile, it signified that most of
the respondents’ age participated to this survey were 20-25 years old, Married,
Males, income levels of the respondents are from 10 k-15k, educational
attainments are College, employment settings are from the City, employment

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type are professionals and the level of awareness of the local residents with
respect to the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Telaje, Tandag
City revealed that the locals are aware of the implementation of the said city
ordinance.
From the summary of findings/results of the study, the following considerations
are offered.
Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should promote Anti-Smoking
awareness to the public so that to attain a smoke-free community, Strict
Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Barangay
Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should provide information to the public
through information drive campaign in partnership with the local government
officials to help strengthened and reinforced the implementation of the said
ordinance effectively.
Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should encourage individuals to
fight smoking in order to empower healthy lifestyles, Strict Implementation of The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Barangay Telaje, Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur should state clearly the area/vicinity of the implementation so
that the information will be properly disseminated to the residents and Strict
Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Barangay
Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should continue addressed its goals and
objectives of the implementation for the benefit of the local residents.

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Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Smoking bans (or smoke-free laws) are public policies, including criminal
laws and occupational safety and health regulations, which prohibit tobacco
smoking in workplaces and other public spaces. Legislation may also define
smoking as more generally being the carrying or possessing of any lit tobacco
product. The tobacco most commonly the substance is the dried leaves of the
tobacco plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a
small, a round cylinder called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_ban.
On the other hand, the implementation of anti-smoking policy in some
urban areas will help and reinforce in promoting public health in the community to
support the government in its national health campaign.
Furthermore, the city government of Tandag in Surigao del Sur supports
the advocacy of the national government in implementing ordnances and
regulations with respect to Anti-smoking policy. In this context, the Ordinance
No.02 s, 2015 Section 2 reads that It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke
or allow smoking of any tobacco product, or use Electronic Device System,
Shisha and the like, in all forms of Public Conveyances, Government-owned
Vehicles, Accommodation and Entertainment Establishment, workplaces,
Enclosed or Partially Enclose Public Places, Public Outdoors Spaces, except in
duly designated smoking areas as defined in Section 3 hereunder within the

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Territorial Jurisdiction of Tandag City. In other words, the Anti-Smoking policy is
necessary in achieving public health and promoting quality life. Meanwhile, the
gaps of this study are for smoking bans posits that smoking is optional, whereas
breathing is not. Therefore, proponents say, smoking bans are enforced to
protect people from the effects of second-hand smoke, which include an
increased risk of heart disease, cancer, emphysema, and other diseases. Other
research has generated meta-analyses show that lifelong non-smokers with
partners who smoke in the home have a 20–30% greater risk of lung cancer than
non-smokers who live with non-smokers. Non-smokers exposed to cigarette
smoke in the workplace have an increased lung cancer risk of 16–19%.
For instance, setting the framework for discussing smoke-free policies in
Tandag City, there are two general types of policies: those that are mandated by
law or regulation and those that are voluntarily adopted. In addition, smoke-free
policies can be categorized as those that impact public areas and those that
impact private areas. This kind of law is use worldwide in order to promote a
Smoke- Free environment where everyone is protected from the hazards of
secondhand smoke, in all enclosed workplaces and public places, including
restaurants, bars and other hospitality venues and also to promote a healthy
lifestyle. Thus, Anti-Smoking Policy through Strict implementation of ordinance
no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking
Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag City is
deemed necessary for the benefit and health awareness of Tandaganons.

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Conceptual Framework
According to Apelberg, (2007) direct and indirect exposures to cigarette
smoking cause these diseases. Direct exposure or first- hand is the actual
smoking, while indirect exposure may be second hand or inhaling the smoke
when a person smokes near and third-hand smoke or exposure to chemicals that
remain after the cigarette is put out In connection with these dangers of smoking,
there are increasing numbers of Filipino smokers and an alarming number of
youth smokers.
According to Harry (2005) tobacco contains nicotine, a highly addictive
drug that makes it difficult for the smokers to kick the habit. Tobacco products
also contain many poisonous and harmful substances that cause disease and
premature death. Smoking causes heart attacks and stroke, causes disease and
is a slow way to die. It slowly rots the lungs. In younger people, three (3) out of
the four (4) deaths from heart disease are due to smoking.
According to Shivani, (2009) anti-smoking ordinance helps and supports
to disseminate information about the dangers and consequences of smoking and
in contrast; most smoking advertisements which sell cigarette products to
people are in the form of product advertising.
According to Pechmann, Goldberg, & Reibling (2003) the implementation
of anti-smoking ordinance in the city aims to increase nonsmoking intentions and
awareness to the local community health.

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Figure.1 Schematic diagram of the Study
This diagram shows in sequence the input, process and output with
respect to the paradigm of the present study.
I I For instance, the paradigm shows each of the elements needs for the
present study. The demographic profile presents the input, the implementation is
the process and the smoke-free environment is the output of the study.
 Demographic profile of
the respondents;
1.1 Sex
1.2 Age
1.3 Educational Level
1.4 Occupation
1.5 Income Level
1.6 Average size of
the Family
1.7 Length of
Residency
 Impact/Implications of
the ordinance;
 Level of Awareness,
 Outcomes/Feedbacks
of the implementation
Strict
Implementation of
The
Comprehensive
Anti-Smoking
Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje,
Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur
Smoke-Free
Environment in
Brgy.Telaje,
Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur

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Statement of the Problem
Implementation of anti-smoking policy in both rural and urban areas in all
provinces of the Philippines has been recurring national health campaign to help
reinforced the efforts of the Department of Health for attaining smoke-free
community. Thus, city government in cooperation with Department of Health
implements ordinances and policies to respond the call of the national health
sector campaign for Anti-smoking.
This would specifically sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Sex
1.2 Age
1.3 Educational Background
1.4 Occupation
1.5 Income Level
1.6 Average size of the Family
1.7 Length of Residency
2. What would be the impact of implementing the “Comprehensive Anti-
smoking Ordinance of Telaje, Tandag City?
3. Why is this order been running when people are well aware of the dangers
of smoking?
4. Does the Department of Health and City Government of Tandag focus on
health and safety regarding secondhand smoke, not individual rights?

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5. Is there a big chastisement of any person who violated of this Ordinance?
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study was conducted to determine and identify the huge impact and
outcomes with respect to the implementation of the Ordinance No.02 s, 2015
also known as “the Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance to the citizens in the
public and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur for
Academic Year 2015-2016.
Moreover, there was strong limitation about this study that the cigarette
users are advised to follow the policy for reducing smoking behavior among
youth, young adults and persons in low socioeconomic status, compared to the
general population and the possible interventions, levels of awareness and
recommendations to the implementation of Anti-smoking ordinance.
In other words, this study is focused to come up with results and
responses with respect to the effective and beneficial implementation of anti-
smoking policy in Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur.
.

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Significance of the Study
The findings of the study will provide enough information to the academe,
institutions, business establishments and group of persons:
To the Tandaganons: This study will give them enough information of
the implementation of Ordinance No. 1 S., 2015 also known as “The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in
Barangay Telaje Tandag City” in promoting the national campaign for anti-
smoking policy by the Department of Health and substantiating its goal in
achieving smoke-free community and quality life. Furthermore, the
implementation of the ordinance is necessary to help informed the public
persistently the dangers and consequences of smoking.
To the City Government Officials: This study will help them encouraged
to support and continue campaigning and advocating the anti-smoking policy
through implementing of ordinances to the local community. Furthermore, the
goal for smoke-free community will be established and achieved through widest
dissemination of information and implementation of anti-smoking to the
community.
To the Political Science Students: This study will guide them to the
implementation of anti-smoking ordinance/policy in urban and rural areas with
respect to legal procedures of implementing an ordinance to the local community.
Also, it will give them enough information and knowledge in conducting research

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work relevant to the implementation of the city ordinance in anti-smoking policy in
response to the national health campaign of the Department of Health.
To the Political Science Instructors: This study will help substantiated
their instruction in public administration class in order that they can share
knowledge and information to their students with respect to the appropriate
implementation of ordinances and policies for local community in support and
respond to the national health campaign of the Department of Health for anti-
smoking which is a recurred activity.
To the Parents: This study will help them informed in the importance of
the implementation of Ordinance No. 1 S., 2015 also known as “The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in Barangay
Telaje Tandag City” in promoting positive outcomes and benefits to their families
and children so that they will advocate in the anti-smoking policy for public health
and concern of the Department of Health.
To the Academe/University: This study will help informed properly the
importance of the implementation of anti-smoking ordinance to the community
and for the University to lead the implementation for appropriate dissemination of
information to the academic and administrative staff for the benefit of colleagues
and students respectively.
To the SDSSUANS: This study will give them enough information on the
benefits of the implementation of the anti-smoking policy/ordinance and
becoming anti-smoking advocate of the community.

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Definition of Terms
The different terminologies used in the development of the study are
operationally defined below for clarity and easy understanding among readers:
Accommodation and Entertainment Establishments refer to establishments
that provide food, accommodation, drinks, merchandise, entertainment or other
professional services including, but not limited to restaurant, fast food, eateries,
hotels, motels, inn or any other places with pleasant environment and
atmosphere.
Electronic Device Systems refer to any device such as electronic nicotine
device system, electronic cigarette and other similar devices.
Mandatory Duties and Obligation refer that required or commanded by
authority; obligatory.
Public Building refers to a building structure owned by the government or
owned by a private person. Including any building or structure use or controlled
exclusively for public purposes by any department or branch or government, local
government unit or Barangay without references to the ownership of the building.
Public Conveyances refer to any vehicles, whether mobile or stationary, used in
the transport or passenger or available to the public as a mode of transport.
Public Outdoor Spaces refer to outdoor spaces that are open to the public or
places where facilities are available for the public or where a crowd of people
gather or congregate

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Prohibited Acts refer to forbid by authority. Illegal prohibited by law or by official
or accepted rules.
Shisha refers to an oriental tobacco pipe with a long flexible tube connected to a
container where the smoke is cooled by passing through water. It also known as
Sheesha, Hookah, Kalian, Narghile, Ageel and Water pipe.
Smoking refers to the lighting and/or puffing of any cigarette, cigar, and tobacco
product of any kind, form or type.
Tobacco Product refers to any product that consist of loose tobacco that
contains nicotine and is intended for use in a cigarette, including any product
containing tobacco and intended for smoking or oral or nasal use.
Workplace refers to an area, permanent or temporary, in which a person
performs duties of employment or work.

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Chapter II
Review and Related Literature and Related Studies
This chapter covers and presents the Review of Related Literature and
Related Studies of the present study.
Foreign
The global anti-smoking campaign that began in 1964 has saved about 8
million lives in the U.S., even as the number of smokers reached 1 billion
worldwide, with Bangladesh, Russia, Indonesia and China recording the highest
increase in the number of cigarette consumers in recent years, a collection of
reports released online on Tuesday showed.
According to a number of studies published in the Journal of the American
Medical Association, or JAMA, the anti-smoking measures implemented in the
U.S. following a 1964 report from then-Surgeon General Luther Terry that
outlined the deadly consequences of tobacco consumption, has managed to
save nearly 8 million of lives and a total of 157 million years of life. Terry’s report,
which called for stringent measures to curb smoking habits among people, had
sparked a massive campaign aided by tax increases, smoking restrictions and
bans in public places among other measures.
The study led by Yale School of Public Health has found that about 17.6
million Americans have died since 1964 due to smoking-related causes, but the
tobacco-control measures have helped to reduce significantly the number of
Americans who smoke from 42 percent in 1964, to 18 percent in 2012. And,

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despite the growth in population, number of smokers in the U.S. has come down
to 38 million in 2012, from 52 million in 1980, the researchers said. “More
encouraging is the steady progress that was achieved over the past half-century,
beginning with a modest 11 percent in the first decade to 48 percent of the
estimate what we would have seen from 2004 to 2012 in the absence of tobacco
control," Theodore R. Holford), the lead author of the study said.
Today, a 40-year-old man can expect on average to live 7.8 years longer
than he would have in 1964, and 30 percent of that improvement can be
attributed to tobacco control. The gains for women have been slightly less, 5.4
years, but tobacco control accounts for 29 percent of that benefit," he added.
The number of smokers worldwide increased in past five decades to 1
billion, while the number of cigarettes consumed globally rose to 6.25 trillion in
2012, from 5 trillion in 1980, a study from the University of Washington on
tobacco consumption in 187 countries showed.
However, the researchers noted that global smoking prevalence, the
number of smokers in proportion to the total population has declined. The
number of people who light up surged in developing countries and low-and
middle-income countries, while larger countries such as China, Russia and
Indonesia have witnessed a sharp increase in the number of smokers,
offsetting the progress made in countries such as the U.S., Canada, Iceland and
Mexico, where smoking prevalence has decreased by nearly 50 percent.

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Tobacco prevalence is highest in East Timor with 61 percent of the
country’s population smoking every day, while the twin Caribbean islands of
Antigua and Barbuda have the lowest rate of smokers at 5 percent. Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Kuwait, the Philippines and Japan also have a high rate of smoking
prevalence. The study also upheld the success of tobacco control measures
including high taxes and graphic campaigns in curbing the habit in several
countries including Mexico and Uruguay."As the overall number of smokers
worldwide is still rising, this study shows how important it is for all countries to
implement a range of tobacco control measures to curb the terrible toll of
tobacco-related illness and death,” Amanda Sanford of Action on Smoking and
Health told the BBC. "Low and middle-income countries in particular face an
enormous challenge to fend off the powerful tobacco industry and stop smoking
rates escalating." Australia has among the toughest antismoking legislation in the
world. Smoking is banned inside all airports, government offices, health clinics
and workplaces in Australia. Restaurants and shopping centers in most states
and territories are also smoke-free zones.
In Sydney, smoking is also banned on the beaches of Manly and Bondi,
among others. In 2007 the city of Fremantle banned smoking in all outside
dining areas. Perth followed suit in August 2008. From next year, smoking will
also be outlawed in under covered waiting areas for public transport and taxis
and within 10 meters of playgrounds in South Australia.

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This month SA Health Minister John Hill has warned the hospitality industry
needs to prepare for the possibility of smoke-free outdoor dining and drinking
areas by 2016.
Canada has some of the lowest smoking levels in the world following a
ban on smoking in workplaces and public places.
Cigarette packets bear graphic images of the damage done to internal organs by
smoking. China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of tobacco. In May
2008, in the run-up to the Olympic Games, a ban on smoking in most public
buildings came into force in the Chinese capital, Beijing.
The move was an attempt to discourage some of China's 350 million
smokers and also part of wider efforts to clean up the city ahead of the games.
Every three cigarettes lit worldwide, one is smoked in China. Almost 25
per cent of the Chinese smoke.
This year in its 12th Five Year Plan China (2011-15) promised to ban
smoking in public places "in an all-around manner".
This is the first time that China included an antismoking measure into its
five-year plan.
France took a major step towards a total public ban when it announced it
would prevent smoking in workplaces and other public buildings from 1 February
2007. The law was extended in 2008 to include cafés, restaurants and bars. Any
smoker caught flouting the ban after then can be fined up to 450 Euros, while

24
those who turn a blind eye to smokers on their premises can be fined up to 750
Euros.
In Germany, eight states, including Berlin, ushered in 2008 declaring their
pubs and restaurants smoke-free. German restaurants and pubs have strongly
resisted the bans, not only because of the potential loss of income but partly
because of an earlier crackdown on smoking initiated by Adolf Hitler's Nazi
regime.
The sensitivity of the issue has prompted the authorities to allow special
rooms to be set up purely for smokers. The toughest rules in Germany are in
Bavaria, where no smoking rooms will be allowed.
German doctors were among the first to identify the link between smoking
and lung cancer. Nazi Germany led the first antismoking campaign in modern
history. Greece introduced its third attempt at banning smoking in public places
on 1 July 2009. Under the new rules, smoking will be prohibited in hospitals,
schools, vehicles and all public spaces. But small restaurants will be allowed to
choose to admit exclusively smokers (or non-smokers), and bigger ones can
have smoking areas.
Previous attempts to introduce a ban in 2002 and 2003 failed after they
were largely ignored. Ireland imposed tough antismoking legislation in March
2004, banning smoking in pubs, restaurants and other enclosed workplaces.
Anyone caught smoking in a prohibited location now faces a fine of up to 3,000
euros (£2,000).

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United Kingdom Smoking is banned in nearly all enclosed public spaces -
including bars, restaurants and workplaces. The ban came into force in England
early on 1 July. Scotland introduced a ban in March 2006, followed by Wales and
Northern Ireland in April 2007.
Smoking in pubs, restaurants, offices and on public transport face on-the-
spot fines of £50, while those in charge of the premises could also be fined for
allowing smoking. United States California has some of the toughest and most
extensive antismoking legislation anywhere in the world. A ban on smoking
inside or within 1.5 meters of any public building came into force in 1993 -
recently extended to six meters. Smoking is also banned in restaurants, bars and
enclosed workplaces - and on beaches - throughout the state.
In New York, smoking has been banned in bars, clubs and restaurants
since March 2003. A ban on smoking in public places came into force in October
2008 in an effort to curb high levels of tobacco addiction. Anyone caught
breaking the law will be fined 200 rupees ($4.50). The law also bans direct and
indirect advertising of tobacco products and the sale of cigarettes to children.
Iran banned smoking in public buildings and tobacco advertising in
October 2003 - but both measures have had little effect. Smoking was banned in
religious and administrative buildings, as well as hotels, restaurants, airports,
cinemas and sports centers. Despite this, the ban is largely ignored and laws
rarely enforced. In Bhutan the sale of tobacco products has been banned
throughout the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan. It is believed to be the first country

26
to have done this. Bhutan banned the sale of tobacco in 2005 and tightened up
its law further last year to combat smuggling, requiring consumers to provide
valid customs receipts for their cigarettes. Only a small percentage of the
Bhutanese population smoke while chewing tobacco was much more common.
March this year a monk caught carrying $2.50-worth of tobacco was jailed for
three years, becoming the first person punished under the country's draconian
antismoking law.
Local
In 2003, the Philippines enacted a smoke free law that restricts smoking in
enclosed public places and workplaces. Smoking areas are permitted in most
public places other than health care and educational facilities.
In July 2011, Manila implemented a smoke free ordinance for schools,
gyms, parks, hospitals, elevators and stairwells of all buildings, buses and bus
depots, restaurants, and government facilities.
The city of Las Piñas adopted a smoke free ordinance that covers
government workplaces and many public places. The local ordinance is stronger
than the national law, but still exempts many private workplaces and all
hospitality establishments.
According to the World Health Organization, smoking causes nearly 6
million deaths worldwide each year. Thus, in the Philippines, the campaign for
the cessation of smoking has been consolidated through various programs. More
recently, there have been debates over the proposal of the government to

27
increase taxes on tobacco products via the Sin Tax Bill. It is the government’s
initiative to discourage the demand for tobacco. Also, last year, the Metro Manila
Development Authority launched a massive campaign to fine smokers caught
smoking in public spaces.
The smoking among young adults here in the Philippines has incredibly
swelled up the past decade. Particularly among college students, where the
freedom from parental supervision may first be experienced, they are a high risk
group extremely susceptible to peer and societal pressure (Wolburg, 2006). To
prevent further widespread of smoking, government agencies (Department of
Health, etc.) and NGOs launched massive anti smoking campaigns with
emotional overtones.
The use of emotional persuasion is very rampant in advertising. In
convincing people, entities opt to use emotionally-charged advertisements in
order to elicit feelings such as warmth (positively valenced) or guilt (negatively
valenced), which in turn can make consumers comply. This strategy, when
applied in antismoking advertisements, has contradicting results particularly in
the tobacco industry, they are constantly bombarded by Public Service Appeals
(PSA) created by the government, non-government organizations, and other
stakeholders. These PSAs are released in different media such as TV, radio,
print, and more virally, the internet. In the Philippine setting though, the use of
these types of advertisements in the form of video is extremely unorthodox. The
anti-smoking advertisements being released in the country are in the usual

28
medium of print. One example of this is the graphic warnings (images of
damaged lungs of a smokers plastered on a cigarette box, etc). Therefore, this
study is focused on the medium of print.
Also, this study is very timely and relevant considering the current
legislative efforts to reduce the demand for smoking. The purpose of this study is
to examine the effectiveness of anti smoking advertisements’ message
valence/framing to college smokers of San Beda and, consequently, to know
what message valence/framing of anti smoking advertisement will be best
suitable for college student smokers.
Anti Smoking Advertisement’s Message Valence: An Evaluation of
Its Effectiveness to College Student Smokers, Jauhn Etienne Villaruel,
2013.
Many Filipinos die due to smoking-related diseases. On a daily basis, 240
Filipinos die because of these smoking-related diseases such as heart failure,
stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease and
many cancers.This accounts for 87,600 deaths due to smoking-related diseases
in the country every year (WHO, 2009b).Direct and indirect exposures to
cigarette smoking cause these diseases. Direct exposure or first- hand is the
actual smoking, while indirect exposure may be second hand or inhaling the
smoke when a person smokes near and third-hand smoke or exposure to
chemicals that remain after the cigarette is put out (Apelberg, 2007).

29
In connection with these dangers of smoking, there are increasing
numbers of Filipino smokers and an alarming number of youth smokers. Republic
Act of 9211(as cited in Department of Education [DepEd],2011), or the Tobacco
Regulation Act of 2003, specifies the smoking prohibition in public places: Thus,
this law of the country protects specifically the youth from being exposed to
smoking. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (2007) estimates that there are 17%
or 4 million Filipino youths with ages 13-15 years who are smoking. Of these
early starters,2.8 million are boys and 1.2 million are girls.
With these alarming statistics, a number of anti-smoking campaigns are
being implemented around the country. The Department of Education (DepEd)
through their program Oplan Balik-Eskwela integrates anti-smoking campaign in
schools for the protection of the students against the hazards of smoking. The
main goal of the campaign is to ensure the implementation of the anti-smoking
policies in schools (DepEd , 2011). Aside from the efforts of DepEd, the Metro
Manila Development Authority (MMDA) has also launched its anti-smoking
campaign in the National Capital Region (NCR). The MMDA enforcers have
started to reprimand those who are smoking in public places (Aning, 2011).
MMDA’s vision of having a smoke-free Manila is the main reason why this
study is made in NCR. When it comes to advertisements, according to Bovee
(1992), "Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually
paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by
identified sponsors through the various media." (p.7).The three major functions

30
of advertisements are to disseminate information, to provide incentives to
viewers for them to engage in action, and to provide constant reminders and
reinforcements to generate the desired behavior the advertiser wants from them
(Puranik, 2011). There are forms of advertising which are mainly connected.
In the Philippines, there are 17% or 4 million Filipino youth with ages 13-
15 years who are already smoking. Of these early starters, 2.8 million are boys
and 1.2 million are girls (Global Youth Tobacco Survey [GYTS], 2007). This is a
serious issue that must be given attention. Survey results show that boys are
most likely to start smoking during their high school days. Thus, this study
focuses on the male high-school students. NCR is chosen in order to contribute
to the MMDA’s vision of a smoke-free Manila.
Moreover, the anti-smoking advertisements provide messages that are
very vital in persuading students to not smoke. Hence, the researchers want to
know the messages in the anti-smoking advertisements that the students recall.
The students’ extent of exposure to anti-smoking advertisements and recall are
factors that can affect the students’ behavior on smoking. In order to have a more
comprehensive view of the extent of exposure and recall of the NCR male high
school students to anti-smoking campaigns, the study uses the Health Belief
Model (HBM) that looks on the students’ perceptions of and attitudes toward
smoking. The HBM provides a framework that relates the specific objectives of
this study to each other; it provides a possible explanation on the students’
smoking behavior.

31
This study is a significant endeavor in promoting public health and proper
law implementation of RA 9211 among the youth today. Hence, the knowledge of
the students about the dangers of smoking and the smoking law is determined in
this study. It is known that cigarettes can be purchased in tingi-tingi or by piece.
Cigarette vendors openly sell cigarettes in streets and sidewalks. This kind of
strategy makes it easy for an adolescent to buy a stick violating a section in RA
9211 that prohibits selling of cigarettes within the 100 meter perimeter of the
school. The study through the awareness of the students on where to buy
cigarettes provides incidental data if this law is followed. Hence this study is
helpful to those government agencies like the DepEd and MMDA; and Non-
Government Organizations (NGOs) who are promoting anti-smoking
policy/ordinance for the community in particular and to the country in general.
SmokeCheck: A Study on the Effects of NCR Male High School
Students’ Exposure to and Recall of Anti-Smoking Advertisements to Their
Perceptions of and Attitudes toward Smoking among the Filipino Youths
Today, Joyce M. Aguillon and Precious B. Romano, 2013.

32
Related Studies
Foreign
In 1982, the Surgeon General of the United States declared cigarette
smoking to the be the single major cause of cancer deaths in the country
(American Cancer Society, 2012 ). Though this statement was made more than
25 years ago, it remains true today (American Cancer Society, 2012 ). In the
United States each day, around 3,800 young people under the age of 18 smoke
their first cigarette (SAMHSA ,2011). The risks associated with the habit become
increased for youth smokers because they began earlier than those who started
smoking as adults. Youth smokers have a greater risk of lung cancer,
cardiovascular disease and respiratory diseases (American Legacy
Foundation,2012). One third of youth smokers who continue smoking as adults
will die prematurely due to tobacco related diseases. The risks associated with
smoking are heightened for those who begin smoking at a young age and
continue into adulthood. Between the years 1997-2003, youth cigarette use in the
United States declined sharply (CDC,2010).
In order to understand the issue of youth smoking, it is important to have a
sense of the history of smoking in general. In 1913, R.J. Reynolds, one of the
world’s largest tobacco companies, released the Camel cigarette. It was the first
modern, mass-produced cigarette. Cigarettes were initially not seen as
dangerous and were even included in rations for American soldiers during World
War I (U.S. National Library of Medicine,2012). While the addictive products were

33
being spread throughout the world, researchers found out that cigarettes do have
harmful effects. In 1938, researcher Raymond Pearl established that, based on
statistics, smoking shortens life expectancy (U.S. National Library of
Medicine,2012). Since the U.S. Surgeon General’s report began being issued in
1964, 31 reports have been tobacco-related. The first report by Surgeon General
Luther L. Terry was titled “Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory
Committee of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service.” The report
changed the framing of smoking risks from an individual issue to one of
epidemiology and public health (U.S. National Library of Medicine,2012). One
year after the report’s release, Congress mandated health warnings on cigarette
packs. The warning from 1965 read: “CAUTION: CIGARETTE SMOKING MAY
BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH” (RJ Reynolds). Years later the
Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1984 required that cigarette
manufacturers and importers display four different Surgeon General’s warnings
on a quarterly rotating basis.
A Gallup Survey conducted in 1958 found that 44 percent of Americans
believed smoking caused cancer. However, ten years later, after the Surgeon
General’s warning was released, that percentage rose to 78 percent (U.S.
National Library of Medicine,2012). Though awareness of smoking risks rose it
did not necessarily lead to behavior change.
According to the most recent Surgeon General’s report from 2012, 99
percent of young adults who smoke started by the age of 26. Federal statistics

34
indicate that most youth try their first cigarette between grades six through ten
(ages 11 to 15-years old) (Johnston,2008 ). More than one-third of all kids who
ever try a cigarette become daily smokers by the time they leave high school
(Khuder,1999).
Earlier initiation of smoking leads to greater potential problems including
larger consumption, longer duration of smoking and stronger nicotine
dependence (Khuder,1999) During the 1980s, smoking rates among adults were
steadily decreasing, however young rates remained stagnant (Johnston,2008 ).
In fact in the 1990s, the rate of youth smoking began to rise sharply
(Johnston,2010 ). According to CDC findings, in 1997, 70 percent of high school
students within the United States had tried smoking a cigarette. Of that 70
percent, almost 36 percent went on to smoke daily. The Monitoring the Future
survey on drug use also shed light on the issue of youth smoking by pointing out
that the rate of smoking among surveyed 8th and 10th grade students had risen
by half between 1991-1996 and the rate among 12th graders had risen by one
third between 1999-1997. (Johnston,2008 ).
Local
Most people know that smoking is bad for their health. But do they really
understand how dangerous smoking really is? Tobacco contains nicotine, a
highly addictive drug that makes it difficult for the smokers to kick the habit.
Tobacco products also contain many poisonous and harmful substances that
cause disease and premature death (Harry 2005). Smoking causes heart attacks

35
and stroke, causes disease and is a slow way to die. It slowly rots the lungs. In
younger people, three (3) out of the four (4) deaths from heart disease are due to
smoking. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth
weight, prematurity and abortion. According to reports, ten (10) persons every
day in the Philippines are dying due to cancer caused by smoking. Every year,
hundreds of thousands of people around the world die from disease caused by
smoking cigarettes (Ordinance NO. 1S. 2012). In the study of Solas et.al (2011),
they found out that the populations at risk for new smoking behavior are children,
in particular teenage girls. A lifetime of cigarette smoking will shorten lifetime
expectancy by 10 years. On the other hand, smokers often say that smoking
keeps them alert and calm and it adds concentration. Some researchers assert
that tobacco’s calming effects simply result from alleviation of the nicotine
withdrawal syndrome (New Book of Knowledge, 2006).
In 2003, the Philippines enacted a smoke free law that restricts smoking in
enclosed public places and work places. Smoking areas are permitted in most
public places other than health care and educational facilities. In July 2011,
Manila implemented a smoke free ordinance for schools, gyms, parks, hospitals,
elevators and stairwells, of all buildings, buses and bus depots, restaurants, and
government facilities. The city of Las Piñas adopted a smoke free ordinance that
covers government workplaces and many public places. The local ordinance is
stronger than the national law, but still exempts many private workplaces and all
hospitality establishments (Rillorta, 2011).

36
The City Government has to protect our environment and protect our
children, our youth, our women, the unborn and our constituents from the
pernicious effects of tobacco, cigarettes or their derivatives which has been
proven to produce cancer (Ordinance NO. 1S. 2012). The local government of
Batangas City share the same view about the alarming and disastrous effects of
smoking on health, therefore, the Sangguniang Panglungsod created an
ordinance called “The AntiSmoking Ordinance of 2012” or the No Smoking
Ordinance No. 1S.2012 with its noble objectives to promote the health and safety
of our people, particularly the protection of youth, children and the unborn from
the hazard of the cancer-producing habit of smokers.
This Ordinance of Batangas City shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its
complete publication in a newspaper of general circulation and compliance with
he posting required by Republic Act 7160. This ordinance was enacted by
SangguniangPanlungsod of Batangas City on 28th day of February 2012 and
approved on March 8, 2012 by Mayor Vilma A. Dimacuha (Ordinance NO. 1S.
2012). This however is not enough guarantee that the problem has been
addressed unless said ordinance was properly implemented, that the concerned
individuals are fully aware of its implementation, and that they are supportive of
its implementation. The researchers would like to gain fresh hand information
about the awareness of the public on the implementation of Anti-Smoking Policy
in Batangas City. For this reason, the researchers intend to contribute to effective
implementation of the said ordinance. Sangguniang Panlungsod of Batangas

37
City. More so, the researchers believe that success in the implementation of any
Law or Ordinance requires two things: awareness and Obedience.
Synthesis
In review of the related literature and related studies in both foreign and
local contexts, it actually provided various data and information to present and
highlight the importance of the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinances
and policies which are practiced and imposed to help and respond the health
campaign and advocacy in promoting not only smoke-free community but also
quality life that each of the citizens deserved. Furthermore, the active
participation and cooperation of the health sectors and agencies in attaining and
meeting the needs of the community substantiates the effective role of the
government that concerns health and personality development and its continuous
support in establishing awareness to the local community in the implementation
of anti-smoking ordinance is very necessary.
In other words, these literatures in review highlighted the significance of
the study in giving emphasis to the appropriate implementation of ant-smoking
ordnance/policy in foreign and local contexts

38
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the research design, research locale, research
respondents, instrumentation, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study used quantitative and qualitative research design. Furthermore,
Questionnaires of this research in determining and identifying the huge impact
and outcomes with respect to the implementation of the Ordinance No.02 s, 2015
also known as “the Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance to the citizens in the
public and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
were randomly distributed to the 150 respondents and were retrieved, tabulated
and interpreted.
RESEARCH LOCALE
This study was actually conducted at the Barangay Telaje, Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur.

39
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The respondents of this study were the 50 local residents in the public and
private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur.
RESEARCH RESPONDENTS
The researchers have chosen randomly 50 local residents in the public
and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur to be
interviewed and to answer the questionnaire.
INSTRUMENTATION
The instrument used in gathering data was a checklist distributed to the
selected 50 local residents in the public and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje,
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur in response to the study entitled “Strict
implementation of Ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in Barangay
Telaje Tandag City”. Henceforth, the questionnaire is focused on the
demographic profile of the respondents, impact/implications of the ordinance,
level of awareness and outcomes/feedbacks of the implementation.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
A letter of request asking permission to conduct the study was sent to the
Office of the Dean of College of Arts and Sciences of Surigao del Sur State
University-Main Campus which allowed the student researchers to determine and
identify identifying the huge impact and outcomes with respect to the

40
implementation of the Ordinance No.02 s, 2015 also known as “the
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance to the citizens in the public and private
vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur. After the approval
was secured, the questionnaires were distributed to the selected 150 local
residents in the public and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
This study used the frequency and percentage distribution in analyzing
and interpreting the data gathered from the respondents. Furthermore, the
frequency distribution is used to describe the distribution and proportion of the
data covering the personal profile of the respondents. The distribution was
presented as relative frequencies. Also, the percent determined the equivalent of
frequency in term of hundred.
Weighted Mean: This will be used to determine the responses of the local
residents of Brgy. Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur with respect to their level
of awareness on the strict implementation of Ordinance No. 2 (Series of 2015)
also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag
City”

41
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter actually presents, analyzes and interprets the data or findings
of the present study.
A. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 Respondents’ Age
Figure 1 Respondents’ Age
Table 1 and Figure 1 showed the distribution of the respondents’ age
which revealed that 20-25 years old with the total percentage of 39.30%, 26-30
Age Frequency Percentage
20-25 59 39.3%
26-30 38 25.3%
31-40 35 23.3%
40-above 18 12%
Total 150 100%
20-25 26-30 31-40 40-above
39.30%
25.30% 23.30%
12%
Age
20-25
26-30
31-40
40-above

42
years old with the total percentage of 25.30%, 31-40 years old with the total
percentage of 23. 30%, 40-above years old with the total percentage of 12%. In
other words, most of the respondents’ age participated to this survey were 20-25
years old.
Table 2 Respondents’ Civil Status
Civil Status Frequency Percentage
Single 47 31.33%
Married 65 43.33%
Widowed 38 25.33%
Total 150 100%
Figure 2 Respondents’ Civil Status
Table 2 and Figure 2 showed the distribution of the respondent’s civil
status which revealed that single with the total percentage of 31.33%, Married
Single Married Widowed
31.33%
43.33%
25.33%
Civil Status
Single
Married
Widowed

43
with the total percentage of 43.33% and Widowed with the total percentage of
25.33%. On the other hand, most of the respondents are Married.
Table 3 Respondents’ Sex
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 82 54.6%
Female 68 45.3%
Total 150 100%
Figure 3 Respondents’ Sex
Table 3 and Figure 3 showed the distribution of the respondents’ sex
which revealed that Male with the total percentage of 54.60% and Female with
the total percentage of 45.30%. On the other hand, most of the respondents are
Males.
Male Female
54.60%
45.30%
Sex
Male
Female

44
Table 4 Respondents’ Income Level
Income Level Frequency Percentage
5 k 33 22%
5k-10k 54 35%
10 k-15k 63 42%
Total 150 100%
Figure 5 Respondents’ Income Level
Table 4 and Figure 4 showed the distribution of the respondents’ income
level which revealed that 5 K with the total percentage of 22%, 5k-10k with the
total percentage of 35% and 10k-15k with the total percentage of 42%. In other
words, most of the income levels of the respondents are from 10 k-15k.
22%
35%
42%
5 k 5k-10k 10k-15
Income Level
5 k
5k-10k
10k-15

45
Table 5 The Respondents’ Educational Attainment
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage
College 72 48%
Secondary 46 30.6%
Elementary 32 21.3%
Total 150 100%
Figure 5 The Respondents’ Educational Attainment
Table 5 and Figure 5 showed the distribution of the respondents’
educational attainment which revealed that College with the total percentage of
48%, Secondary with the total percentage of 30.60% and Elementary with the
total percentage of 21.30%. In other words, most of the respondents’ educational
attainments are College.
College Secondary Elementary
48%
30.60%
21.30%
Educational Attainment
College
Secondary
Elementary

46
Table 6 Employment Setting
Employment Setting Frequency Percentage
City 61 40.66%
Municipality 49 32.66%
Barrio 22 14.66%
Others 18 12%
Total 150 100%
Figure 6 Employment Setting
employment setting which revealed that City with the total percentage of 40.66%,
Municipality with the total percentage of 32.66%, Barrio with the total percentage
of 14.66% and Others with the total percentage of 12%. On the other hand, most
of the respondents’ employment settings are from the City.
40.66%
32.66%
14.66%
12%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
City Municipality Barrio Others
Employment Setting
City
Municipality
Barrio
Others

47
Table 7 Respondents’ Employment Type
Employment Type Frequency Percentage
Professional 110 73.33%
Self-Employed 40 26.66%
Total 150 100%
Figure 7 Respondents’ Employment Type
employment type which revealed that Professional with the total percentage of
73.33% and Self-Employed with the total percentage of 26.66%. In other words,
most of the respondents’ employment type are Professional
Professional Self-Employed
73.33%
26.66%
Employment Type
Professional
Self-Employed

48
B. Level of Awareness with respect to the Implementation of the Anti-
Smoking Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City.
Scale Range of Mean Verbal Description
1.0-1.66 Very Aware
1.67-2.33 Aware
2.34-3.0 Less Aware
Indicators Mean
Adjectival
Rating
1. The ordinance is clearly stated. 1.8 Aware
2. The ordinance is properly disseminated to the
community.
1.7 Aware
3. There is a strict implementation of the ordinance. 2.0 Aware
4. The ordinance is stated within the specific
boundaries and scope.
2.1 Aware
5. The ordinance is regularly being monitored. 2.2 Aware
6. The penalty is clearly stated and the public
knows it.
2.0 Aware
7. There is use of signage (tarpaulin, sign boards,
leaflets, etc.) in prohibiting smoking on
designated places.
1.3 Very Aware
8. There is a system followed in implementation. 1.8 Aware
9. There is enough number of personnel
implementing the ordinance.
2.1 Aware
10.The ordinance properly addressed its goals and
objectives to the public.
1.2 Very Aware
11.The ordinance intends to inform the public to the
dangers of smoking.
1.7 Aware
12.The ordinance promotes smoke-free community
to reinforce the national health campaign of the
Department of Health.
1.8 Aware
13.The ordinance strongly addressed the benefits
of the non-smoking community.
1.9 Aware
14.The ordinance clearly states the area/vicinity of
the implementation.
2.4 Less Aware
15.The ordinance guides and enlightens the public
to the smoking-free community in promoting
good health and wellness.
1.8 Aware
Grand Mean 1.8 Aware

49
Table 1 showed the level of awareness in the Implementation the
Implementation of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City revealed
that there is use of signage (tarpaulin, sign boards, leaflets, etc.) in prohibiting
smoking on designated places and the ordinance properly addressed its goals
and objectives to the public with the total weighted mean of 1.3 and 1.2
respectively with the adjectival rating of Very Aware (VA). However, the
ordinance clearly states the area/vicinity of the implementation revealed with the
total weighted mean of 2.4 with the adjectival rating Less Aware (LA). In other
words, the level of awareness of the local residents with respect to the
implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City revealed
with the total weighted grand mean of 1.8 with the adjectival rating of Aware (A).

50
Chapter 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
This chapter presents the summary of the results of the present study.
Furthermore, it articulates and emphasizes the conclusions and offers
recommendations to the said findings and conclusions of this study.
Summary of Findings
The study aims to determine the personal profile of the respondents and
the level of awareness with respect to the Implementation of the Anti-Smoking
Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City also known as Strict Implementation of
Ordinance no. 2 Series of 2015.
The following were the findings of the Study:
Demographic Profile of the Respondents. Respondents’ age revealed
that 20-25 years old with the total percentage of 39.30%, 26-30 years old with the
total percentage of 25.30%, 31-40 years old with the total percentage of 23. 30%,
40-above years old with the total percentage of 12%, Respondent’s civil status
revealed that single with the total percentage of 31.33%, Married with the total
percentage of 43.33% and Widowed with the total percentage of 25.33%,
Meanwhile, respondent’s civil status revealed that single with the total
percentage of 31.33%, Married with the total percentage of 43.33% and
Widowed with the total percentage of 25.33%, Respondents’ sex revealed that
Male with the total percentage of 54.60% and Female with the total percentage of
45.30%, respondents’ income level which revealed that 5 K with the total

51
percentage of 22%, 5k-10k with the total percentage of 35% and 10k-15k with
the total percentage of 42%. Furthermore, respondents’ educational attainment
revealed that College with the total percentage of 48%, Secondary with the total
percentage of 30.60% and Elementary with the total percentage of 21.30%,
respondents’ employment setting revealed that City with the total percentage of
40.66%, Municipality with the total percentage of 32.66%, Barrio with the total
percentage of 14.66% and Others with the total percentage of 12%, respondents’
employment type revealed that Professional with the total percentage of 73.33%
and Self-Employed with the total percentage of 26.66%.
Level of Awareness with respect to the Implementation of the Anti-
Smoking Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City.
It showed the level of awareness in the Implementation of the Anti-Smoking
Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City revealed that there is use of signage (tarpaulin,
sign boards, leaflets, etc.) in prohibiting smoking on designated places and the
ordinance properly addressed its goals and objectives to the public with the total
weighted mean of 1.3 and 1.2 respectively with the adjectival rating of Very
Aware (VA). However, the ordinance clearly states the area/vicinity of the
implementation revealed with the total weighted mean of 2.4 with the adjectival
rating Less Aware (LA). In other words, the level of awareness of the local
residents with respect to the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in
Telaje, Tandag City revealed with the total weighted grand mean of 1.8 with the
adjectival rating of Aware (A).
Conclusions

52
Based on the summary of findings, the following conclusions are hereby
drawn and presented:
In terms of the respondents’ profile, it signified that most of the
respondents’ age participated to this survey were 20-25 years old, Married,
Males, income levels of the respondents are from 10 k-15k, educational
attainments are College, employment settings are from the City, employment
type are professionals and the level of awareness of the local residents with
respect to the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Telaje, Tandag
City revealed that the locals are aware of the implementation of the said city
ordinance.

53
Recommendations
From the summary of findings/results of the study, the following
considerations are offered.
1. Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should promote Anti-
Smoking awareness to the public so that to attain a smoke-free community.
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should provide information
to the public through information drive campaign in partnership with the local
government officials to help strengthened and reinforced the implementation
of the said ordinance effectively.
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should encourage
individuals to fight smoking in order to empower healthy lifestyles.
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should state clearly the
area/vicinity of the implementation so that the information will be properly
disseminated to the residents.
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should continue addressed
its goals and objectives of the implementation for the benefit of the local
residents.

54
References Cited
Sreeja VN (2014).Anti-Smoking Crusade Saved Millions Of American Lives;
Number Of Smokers Worldwide Hit 1 Billion; High Smoking Prevalence In China,
Russia Offsets Global Gains. Retrieved at:http://www.ibtimes.com/anti-smoking-
crusade-saved-millions-american-lives-number-smokers-worldwide-hit-1-
1531062 on August 12, 2015.
Advancing the enforcement of the smoking ban in public places– Davao City,
Philippines,http://www.who.int/kobe_centre/interventions/smoke_free/davao_city
_web_final.pdf
Anti Smoking Advertisement’s Message Valence: An Evaluation of its
Effectiveness to College Student Smokers Jauhn Etienne Villaruel, 2013 at
http://macrotheme.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/16VilMR27.32040811.pdf
Smoke Check: A Study on the Effects of NCR Male High S chool Students’
Exposure to and Recall of Anti -Smoking Advertisements to Their Perceptions of
and Attitudes toward Smoking, Joyce M. Aguillon and Precious B. Romano,
2012 at
http://iskwiki.upd.edu.ph/images/c/c7/Aguillon,Joyce_Mendoza%26Romano,Prec
ious_Barredo%3BApril_2012%3BA_Study_on_the_Effects_Anti-
Smoking_Ads.pdf

55
APPENDICES

56
A.Letter of Permission to the CAS Dean
February 12, 2016
NOELITO T. TOMAQUIN, Ph.D.
CAS Dean
This University
Sir:
Greetings.
The undersigned are the graduating students students of Surigao del Sur State
University Cagwait Campus taking up Bachelor of Political Science and are
presently enrolled in Research 2 ( Thesis Writing).
In this regard, we would like to request from your office to allow us conduct our
study for our Undergraduate Thesis entitled ““Anti-Smoking Policy through
Strict implementation of ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as
“The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City particularly
in Barangay Telaje Tandag Cityy” in partial fulfillment of the academic
requirements of the course.
Thank You in advanced for your positive response to this endeavor. More Power.
Trulyyours,
(SGD,) CARLO P.CABRERA
Researcher (SGD.) JERALD CRIS B. ELEGINO
Researcher
(SGD.) JULIUS A. MATURAN
Researcher (SGD MARK JAY C. RABAGO
Researcher
Noted
(SGD.) JOSELITO G. LUAREZ, Ph.D.
Thesis Adviser
Approved:
(SGD.) NOELITO T. TOMAQUIN, Ph.D.
CAS Dean

57
A.Letter to the Thesis Adviser
February 12, 2016
LITA M PECASALES, Ph.D.
CAS Instructor
This University
Sir:
Greetings.
We are writing to humbly request your good office to serve as our thesis adviser
for our thesis entitled “Anti-Smoking Policy through Strict implementation of
ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-
Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag
City” Moreover, we believe that your guidance, knowledge and assistance will
be valuable for the success of our undergraduate Thesis.
Thank You in advanced for your positive response to this endeavor. More Power.
Truly yours,
Researcher
Researcher (SGD.) MARK JAY C. RABAGO
Researcher
Noted
Thesis Adviser
Approved:
(SGD.) LITA M PECASALES, Ph.D.
Campus Directo

58
C. Letter to the Statistician
January 29, 2016
DR. ALTHEA A. AZARCONc
CAS Instructor
This University
Sir:
Warmest greetings!
We are writing to humbly request your good office to serve as our Statistician for
our thesis entitled “Anti-Smoking Policy through Strict implementation of
ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-
Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag
City” Moreover, we believe that your guidance, knowledge and assistance will
be valuable for the success of our undergraduate Thesis.
Anticipating for your positive response. Thank You and More Power!
Truly yours,
Researcher
Researcher
Noted
Thesis Adviser
Approved:
DR. ALTHEA A. AZARCONc
Statistician

59
D. Letter to the Brgy. Captain
January 29, 2016
The Brgy. Captain
Telaje, Tandag City Surigao del Sur
Sir:
Warmest greetings!
In this regard, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us
conduct our study for our Undergraduate Thesis entitled “Anti-Smoking Policy
through Strict implementation of ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also
known as “The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City
particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag City” in your locality. Moreover, the
findings of this study will be beneficial to your community so that we can address
concerns to your local government in the Implementation of Anti-Smoking Policy.
Anticipating for your positive response. Thank You and More Power!
Truly yours,
Researcher
Researcher
Noted
Thesis Adviser
Approved:
Hon. Brgry Captain
Brgy. Captain

60
E. Questionnaire ( Bisaya)
Oktobre 5, 2015
Sir/Madam:
Maayong Adlaw
I Isa sa mga kinahanglan alang sa mga mu-gradweyt ang pagsulat og
thesis. Karon, nagsugod na kami sa paghimo sa amoa thesis sa titulo na
““Strict implementation of Ordinance No. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as
“The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City”
particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag City”. Tungod ini, kami nangayo sa
inyoha og suporta alang sa pagtubag gamit ang kwesyuner sa ubos og kami
magpasalamatun kun unsa ang inyoha matabang alang sa kalambuan sa amoa
thesis.
Daghang salamat.
Matinahuron,
Carlo P. Cabrera
Jerald Cris B. Elagino
Julius A. Maturan
Mark Jay C. Rabago
I. Ang Propayl
Direksyon: Isulat ang mga impormasyon mahitungod sa imohang
nasabtan/nahibalohan.
A. Personal Information:
A.1 Ngalan (Opsyunal): ____________________A.6 Natawhan: ____________
A.2 Asa nagpuyo: ______________________________A.6 Asa gianak: ______
A.3 Edad: _____________ Sibil Status: __________________A.7 Sex: _______
A.4 Nasyunalidad: ___________ Trabaho: ___________A.8 Lang. Spoken and
Written:__________A.5 Spouse (If Married):__________________A.9 Pila
katuig na puyo ini lugar: _____________A.10 Abot () 5,000 and below () 5,000-
10,000 () 10,000-15,000 () others please specify______A.11 Pila membro sa
pamilya____________B. Edukasyon/Grado:

61
B.1 Katas-unon sa pag-edukasyon nga naabot
() College () Secondary () Elementary () Others please
specify____________________
B.2 Kurso: _______________________Year Graduated: __________________
B.3 School/University na migradweyt: __________________________________
C. Trabaho:
C.1 Lugar sa trabaho () City () Municipality () Barrio () Others
please specify: ____
C.2 Klase sa trabaho () Professional () Self-Employed () Others
please specify:______
D. Lebel sa Pagkabalo sa Pag-implementar sa Ordinansa nga tseklis
Direction: I-tsek (/) gamit ang kwesyuner/tseklis sa ubos mahitungod sa sa pag-
implementar sa Ordinansa nga pag-dili sa Sigarilyo sa Telaje, Tandag City.
1. Ang ordinansa sa pag-implemetar og dili
manigarilyo sa Telaje, Tandag City klaro.
Kabalo Wala
kayo
kabalo
2. Ang ordinansa naghatag impormasyon sa
katawhan.
3. Strikto matang sa implementar sa Telaje,
Tandag City.
4. Ang ordinansa nagsubay og nagsunod kun asa
ra dapit kini implemetar.
5. Ang ordinansa kanunay gi-monitor sa mga
katawhan/opisyales sa Tandag.
6. Ang ordinansa may iyaha penalty/fines kun dile
ine sundun.
7. Ang ordinansa gisulat siya mga tarpaulin og
gibutang ini sa mga lugar nga daghay tawo.
8. Ang ordinansa nagsubay sa legal na pag-
implementar.
9. Ang ordinansa may mga personnel para pag-
implementar ine.
10.Ang ordinansa naghatag og giya para
paghibalo sa katawhan ang dile
pagpanigarilyo.
11.Ang ordinansa naghatag impormasyon sa

62
katawhan sa Telaje, Tandag City.
12.Ang ordinansa mi-suporta sa kampanya sa
Department of Health alang sa pagdile og
panigariyo.
13.Ang ordinansa naghatod ug klaro na
impormsyon matang sa dile pagpanigarilyo sa
Telaje, Tandag City.
14.Ang ordinansa may iyaha limitasyon/kabereds
kun sa ra ini i-implementar
15.Ang ordinansa naghatag og giya sa katawhan
na ginadile ang pagpanigarilyo sa Telaje,
Tanga City.
Total
Komento:_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Daghang salamat sa inyoha suporta!
___________________
Signature Over Name
Date Signed:
___________________

63
E. Questionnaire ( English)
October 5, 2015
Sir/Madam:
Warmest greetings!
One of the academic requirements of the graduating students is thesis
writing. We are presently working with our thesis entitled “Strict
implementation of Ordinance No. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in
Barangay Telaje Tandag City”. Anent to this, we would like to ask your
support and assistance to answer the attached questionnaire to the best of your
knowledge and belief. Rest assured that any response will be held with utmost
confidentiality.
Thank you so much and God bless!
Very truly yours,
Carlo P. Cabrera
Jerald Cris B. Elagino
Julius A. Maturan
Mark Jay C. Rabago
I. THE PROFILE.
General Directions: Fill out completely, accurately and legibly in ink or
typewriter and check (/) the items that follow for your choices/preferences.
A. Personal Information:
A.1 Name: ___________________ A.6 Birthdate: _______________________
A.2 Present Address: ____________________A.6 Birthplace: ______________
A.3 Age: _____________ Civil Status: ________________A.7 Sex: _________
A.4 Citizenship: ___________ Occupation: ___________A.8 Lang. Spoken and
Written:___________A.5 Spouse (If Married):_______________________A.9
Length of Residency: _____________A.10 Income Level () 5,000 and below ()
5,000-10,000 () 10,000-15,000 () others please specify______A.11 Number of
family members____________
B. Educational Background:

64
B.1 Highest Education Attainment:
() College () Secondary () Elementary () Others please
specify____________________
B.2 Degree/Course: ________________________________Year Graduated:
___________________B.3 School/University Attended/Graduated:
_______________________________________________
C. Employment Background:
C.1 Place of Work () City () Municipality () Barrio () Others please
specify: _________
C.2 Type of Work () Professional () Self-Employed () Others please
specify:___________
D. Level of Awareness Checklist
Direction: Check (/) the matrix the below to indicate your awareness to the
implementation of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City.
1. The ordinance is clearly stated. Aware Less
Aware
Very
Aware
2. The ordinance is properly disseminated to the
community.
3. There is a strict implementation of the
ordinance.
4. The ordinance is stated within the specific
boundaries and scope.
5. The ordinance is regularly being monitored.
6. The penalty is clearly stated and the public
knows it.
7. There is use of signage (tarpaulin, sign
boards, leaflets, etc..) in prohibiting smoking
on designated places.
8. There is a system followed in implementation.
9. There is enough number of personnel
implementing the ordinance.
10.The ordinance properly addressed its goals
and objectives to the public.
11.The ordinance intends to inform the public to
the dangers of smoking.

65
12.The ordinance promotes smoke-free
community to reinforce the national health
campaign of the Department of Health.
13.The ordinance strongly addressed the
benefits of the non-smoking community.
14.The ordinance clearly states the area/vicinity
of the implementation.
15.The ordinance guides and enlightens the
public to the smoking-free community in
promoting good health and wellness.
Total
Comments:________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Thank you so much for support and assistance. God bless you!
______________
_____
Signature Over
Name
Date Signed:
___________________

66
c
CURRICULUM VITAE

67
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Name : Angelito T. Pera
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Birthdate : July 16, 1989
Birthplace : Cagayan de Oro City
Home Address : Dawis, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Mr. Victor P. Pera
Mother’s Name : Mrs. Lorena T.Pera
Guardian’s Name : Mr. Bernardo A. Villa
Educational Background
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
Surigao del Sur State University-Main Campus
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
A.Y. 2016-Present
Secondary : Bulua National High School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Elementary : Camp Evangelista Elementary School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006

68
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
A.Y. 2016-Present
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006

69
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
A.Y. 2016-Present
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006

70
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
A.Y. 2016-Present
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006

71
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
A.Y. 2016-Present
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006

72

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