This document is an undergraduate thesis that examines the strict implementation of Ordinance No. 2 (Series of 2015), also known as "The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City", particularly in Barangay Telaje, Tandag City. The thesis aims to help reinforce efforts by the Department of Health to create smoke-free communities and support the national health sector's anti-smoking campaign. It examines the demographic profile of respondents and the impact of implementing the ordinance. The thesis also seeks to understand why the ordinance is needed given public awareness of smoking dangers, and whether the focus is on health and safety from secondhand smoke rather than individual rights.
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking -Lesson 4.pptxMANILYNTINGCANG1
1. The document provides definitions for scrambled words related to trends, networks, and critical thinking in the 21st century. It defines words like McDonalds, Apple Incorporated, fashion, internet, immigration, westernization, culture, TikTok, K-pop, and trend.
2. It then provides 4 definitions or descriptions of globalization from different scholars. One defines it as a social process where constraints of geography recede. Another defines it as gearing towards global unification. A third discusses its impact on social and economic matters. A fourth defines it as a global network that welded communities into mutual dependence.
The document provides guidance on formulating a research hypothesis for an interdisciplinary paper. It explains that a research hypothesis is a statement that predicts the relationship between two or more variables that will be tested through research. It highlights that a strong hypothesis involves at least two disciplines, including law, and presents sample student hypotheses as examples. The document outlines tips for crafting a hypothesis such as being objective, clearly defining terms, and obtaining approval from a professor.
- The study aimed to determine the learning preferences of 4th year high school students in Mabitac, Laguna, as well as the teaching strategies used by their mathematics teachers.
- Most students were 16-year-old females from Mabitac National High School. Their top three learning preferences were visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Teachers averaged 31 years old and had 1-5 years of experience.
- There were significant relationships between students' age, gender, and school and their learning preferences. There were also significant relationships between teachers' age, education, experience, and training and their teaching strategies. However, there was no significant relationship between students' preferences and teachers' strategies.
To find the students awareness of social networks.
b. To find for what purposes the students are using social networks.
c. To find effects of social networks on studies of the students.
d. To find Student’s ideas on how social networks can be used positively for education purposes.
e. To find average time spent on social networks by UNIVOTEC students
f. To find average expenditure spend by students on sustenance in social network
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking -Lesson 4.pptxMANILYNTINGCANG1
1. The document provides definitions for scrambled words related to trends, networks, and critical thinking in the 21st century. It defines words like McDonalds, Apple Incorporated, fashion, internet, immigration, westernization, culture, TikTok, K-pop, and trend.
2. It then provides 4 definitions or descriptions of globalization from different scholars. One defines it as a social process where constraints of geography recede. Another defines it as gearing towards global unification. A third discusses its impact on social and economic matters. A fourth defines it as a global network that welded communities into mutual dependence.
The document provides guidance on formulating a research hypothesis for an interdisciplinary paper. It explains that a research hypothesis is a statement that predicts the relationship between two or more variables that will be tested through research. It highlights that a strong hypothesis involves at least two disciplines, including law, and presents sample student hypotheses as examples. The document outlines tips for crafting a hypothesis such as being objective, clearly defining terms, and obtaining approval from a professor.
- The study aimed to determine the learning preferences of 4th year high school students in Mabitac, Laguna, as well as the teaching strategies used by their mathematics teachers.
- Most students were 16-year-old females from Mabitac National High School. Their top three learning preferences were visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Teachers averaged 31 years old and had 1-5 years of experience.
- There were significant relationships between students' age, gender, and school and their learning preferences. There were also significant relationships between teachers' age, education, experience, and training and their teaching strategies. However, there was no significant relationship between students' preferences and teachers' strategies.
To find the students awareness of social networks.
b. To find for what purposes the students are using social networks.
c. To find effects of social networks on studies of the students.
d. To find Student’s ideas on how social networks can be used positively for education purposes.
e. To find average time spent on social networks by UNIVOTEC students
f. To find average expenditure spend by students on sustenance in social network
Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONLJ Villanueva
The document summarizes the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of a study on the profile and performance evaluations of Filipino tour guides as perceived by local tourists. The main findings were that tourists rated guides highly in personality and communication skills, and adequately in technical skills. There was no significant difference found between tourist groups. It was concluded that guides need strong skills/knowledge and could improve grooming/appearance. Recommendations included guides improving personality traits and technical skills through reducing tactfulness and increasing politeness.
Setting, Process , Methods and Tools in.pptxronaldanong1
Counseling can occur in a variety of settings including government agencies, private sector organizations, civil society groups, schools, and communities. The counseling process generally involves planned, structured dialogue between a counselor and client to help the client identify and overcome problems. Common counseling methods and techniques include interviews to collect information from parents, peers, and other sources as well as maintaining cumulative records about clients. The goal is to help clients develop new skills and understanding to deal with difficulties.
The document provides information on the effects of applied social sciences processes. It discusses how applied social sciences can increase awareness and knowledge, lead to changes in attitudes and values, and result in behavioral and structural changes. Specifically, it notes that applied social sciences can enhance understanding of oneself and others. It also discusses how applied social sciences help address social problems like criminality, poverty, and gender inequality. Counselling, social work, and communication are highlighted as helping individuals cope with challenges and structural changes in societies.
Clients seek counseling for a variety of reasons, such as being court-ordered, feeling they need help or improvement, or dealing with a crisis. Clients have varying expectations, from rapid change to believing counseling will not make a difference. One of the most difficult clients to work with is the reluctant client, who does not want counseling but finds themselves in the situation. Reluctance can manifest as hostility, absenteeism, non-cooperation, and resistance to change, as part of the client's personality wants to preserve existing issues.
SOCIAL SCIENCE is made up several disciplines and these include history, political science, sociology, psychology, economics, geography, and demography, and anthropology, and linguistics.
Lesson 16 Communication Media Channels.pptxPaulineMae5
This document discusses communication media channels and evaluating communication effectiveness. It defines different types of media like mass media, new media, social media, and telecommunication. Mass media transmits standardized messages to a wide audience using platforms like newspapers, magazines, radio, and television. New media and social media allow for more two-way dialogue on social networking sites and blogs. Telecommunication refers to transmitting information over long distances using technologies like phones and broadcast networks. The document also explains the functions of the Philippines' National Telecommunications Commission which regulates the telecommunications sector. Conducting needs assessments and monitoring & evaluating communication helps ensure effective message transmission and interpretation.
CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES
Individual and groups of people who receive service from various counseling professions constitute of clientele and audiences.
CHARACTERISTICS
Neurotic- a long term tendency to be in a negative emotional state. (Ex. Sad, guilty, worry, fear, etc.)
Psychotic- are severe mental disorder that makes people lose touch with reality cause by abnormal thinking and hallucination.
Personality Disorder- it involves a long-term pattern of unhealthy and inflexible thoughts and behavior.
NEEDS OF CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES
Be genuinely engaged in therapeutic claims.
Have an unconditional positive regards for the client.
Feel empathy for the client.
Clearly communicate this attitude.
TYPES OF CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES
People who abuse drugs
People who use tobacco
People who abuse alcohol
Women
Older adults
People with aids
Victims of abuse
Gay men and lesbian women
THE INDIVIDUAL AS CLIENT OF COUNSELING
Most common type of counseling
Individual needs capacitation
Includes those who need help in managing a life changing situation, personal problem or crisis
THE GROUP AND ORGANIZATION AS CLIENT OF COUNSELING
Consist of between five to eight people
To avoid loneliness and isolation of the client’s problem.
Cost less
Shares experience
THE COMMUNITY AS CLIENT OF COUNSELING
Generally conducted to prevent a problem and assist in setting prevention programs in different communities.
A form of counseling in which different counselors work with families, individuals, couples and also communities in one or the other way.
People are not only taught what is right and wrong but also how they can live their lives happily and peacefully.
Tekstong deskriptibo. Karaniwan. Masining. Karaniwang bahagi lang ng ibang teksto and tekstong deskriptibo. Gamit ang cohesive devices o kohesyong gramatikal sa pagsulat ng tekstong deskriptibo.
This document provides an overview of a research methodology. It describes the research design, locale, and participants of the study. The research design section briefly discusses what type of research design was used. The research locale section describes the community where the research was conducted and where the participants were drawn from. The research participants section lists the people who took part in the study. The document also includes sections on the instruments, materials, and procedures used in carrying out the research study.
Communication has purposes other than those related to the realm of the media industry; it also educates and alleviates people from ignorance of the events and issues in society. “ICT is a major development agenda in the Philippines because different forms of media have become part of practically all facets of Philippine society.”
Communication practitioners and journalists may find areas of work in private or public institutions, depending on the level of influence or contribution they want to make to their community.
As advanced by Stuart Hall, encoding and decoding presuppose that the decoders actively make sense of the message based on their individual social context or reality, and later on send feedback or collectively change the message.
Counseling involves a relationship between counselor and client to assist clients in changing behaviors or attitudes, achieving goals, and finding help. Counselors provide social skills training, communication skills development, spiritual guidance, decision making assistance, and career choice counseling, and in some settings provide premarital, grief, or domestic violence counseling. Counselors are professionally registered individuals who help clients develop their full potential, plan their futures and careers based on abilities and interests, and apply counseling theories, tools, and techniques through career guidance programs to help students become productive members of society.
A trend gains momentum over time, stabilizing into a habit or lifestyle. It seeks to innovate and solve problems. A fad is short-lived, driven by novelty. Trends have sustained behavior while fads are intense but brief. Trends meet needs while fads rely on coolness. Trends grow steadily while fads appear and disappear suddenly. Trends can cross industries while fads are limited in scope. Factors shaping trends include human needs, history, globalization, and digital connectivity enabling information sharing worldwide.
This document provides an introduction to social work, including its goals and scope. It defines social work as an academic discipline and profession concerned with enhancing social functioning and overall well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities. Social work aims to help people address problems and access resources to lead healthy, productive lives. The goals of social work are caring, curing, and changing. Caring focuses on quality of life and welfare. Curing treats issues with social functioning through techniques like counseling. Changing actively pursues lasting social reform. Pictures shown involve typhoon victims, a home for the aged, and street children, demonstrating clients social workers assist.
This document is a thesis proposal submitted to the Surigao del Sur State University-Cagwait Campus by four students - Angelito T. Pera, Anabelle C. Pontevedra, Eladio A. Denzo, Jr., and Ronaldo P. Delmonte, Jr. - for their Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology degree. The proposal is for developing an E-Library Management System for the Cagwait Campus using Visual Basic. It includes an introduction to the problem, objectives to develop a computerized system to improve library processes and services, a literature review on related studies of electronic resources and library management systems, and the scope and definition of terms for the study.
This undergraduate thesis examines the oral literatures of the Manuvo tribe in San Miguel, Surigao del Sur. The study aims to identify prevalent genres of oral traditions among the Manuvo people, including themes, symbols, and plot structures. The researchers will translate sample oral literatures into English and analyze how the stories reflect Manuvo language and culture. They also seek to understand how the Manuvo preserve and transmit their oral traditions intergenerationally. The study is grounded in mimetic theory to explore how Manuvo oral traditions may have developed through imitation and the communication of desires.
Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONLJ Villanueva
The document summarizes the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of a study on the profile and performance evaluations of Filipino tour guides as perceived by local tourists. The main findings were that tourists rated guides highly in personality and communication skills, and adequately in technical skills. There was no significant difference found between tourist groups. It was concluded that guides need strong skills/knowledge and could improve grooming/appearance. Recommendations included guides improving personality traits and technical skills through reducing tactfulness and increasing politeness.
Setting, Process , Methods and Tools in.pptxronaldanong1
Counseling can occur in a variety of settings including government agencies, private sector organizations, civil society groups, schools, and communities. The counseling process generally involves planned, structured dialogue between a counselor and client to help the client identify and overcome problems. Common counseling methods and techniques include interviews to collect information from parents, peers, and other sources as well as maintaining cumulative records about clients. The goal is to help clients develop new skills and understanding to deal with difficulties.
The document provides information on the effects of applied social sciences processes. It discusses how applied social sciences can increase awareness and knowledge, lead to changes in attitudes and values, and result in behavioral and structural changes. Specifically, it notes that applied social sciences can enhance understanding of oneself and others. It also discusses how applied social sciences help address social problems like criminality, poverty, and gender inequality. Counselling, social work, and communication are highlighted as helping individuals cope with challenges and structural changes in societies.
Clients seek counseling for a variety of reasons, such as being court-ordered, feeling they need help or improvement, or dealing with a crisis. Clients have varying expectations, from rapid change to believing counseling will not make a difference. One of the most difficult clients to work with is the reluctant client, who does not want counseling but finds themselves in the situation. Reluctance can manifest as hostility, absenteeism, non-cooperation, and resistance to change, as part of the client's personality wants to preserve existing issues.
SOCIAL SCIENCE is made up several disciplines and these include history, political science, sociology, psychology, economics, geography, and demography, and anthropology, and linguistics.
Lesson 16 Communication Media Channels.pptxPaulineMae5
This document discusses communication media channels and evaluating communication effectiveness. It defines different types of media like mass media, new media, social media, and telecommunication. Mass media transmits standardized messages to a wide audience using platforms like newspapers, magazines, radio, and television. New media and social media allow for more two-way dialogue on social networking sites and blogs. Telecommunication refers to transmitting information over long distances using technologies like phones and broadcast networks. The document also explains the functions of the Philippines' National Telecommunications Commission which regulates the telecommunications sector. Conducting needs assessments and monitoring & evaluating communication helps ensure effective message transmission and interpretation.
CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES
Individual and groups of people who receive service from various counseling professions constitute of clientele and audiences.
CHARACTERISTICS
Neurotic- a long term tendency to be in a negative emotional state. (Ex. Sad, guilty, worry, fear, etc.)
Psychotic- are severe mental disorder that makes people lose touch with reality cause by abnormal thinking and hallucination.
Personality Disorder- it involves a long-term pattern of unhealthy and inflexible thoughts and behavior.
NEEDS OF CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES
Be genuinely engaged in therapeutic claims.
Have an unconditional positive regards for the client.
Feel empathy for the client.
Clearly communicate this attitude.
TYPES OF CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES
People who abuse drugs
People who use tobacco
People who abuse alcohol
Women
Older adults
People with aids
Victims of abuse
Gay men and lesbian women
THE INDIVIDUAL AS CLIENT OF COUNSELING
Most common type of counseling
Individual needs capacitation
Includes those who need help in managing a life changing situation, personal problem or crisis
THE GROUP AND ORGANIZATION AS CLIENT OF COUNSELING
Consist of between five to eight people
To avoid loneliness and isolation of the client’s problem.
Cost less
Shares experience
THE COMMUNITY AS CLIENT OF COUNSELING
Generally conducted to prevent a problem and assist in setting prevention programs in different communities.
A form of counseling in which different counselors work with families, individuals, couples and also communities in one or the other way.
People are not only taught what is right and wrong but also how they can live their lives happily and peacefully.
Tekstong deskriptibo. Karaniwan. Masining. Karaniwang bahagi lang ng ibang teksto and tekstong deskriptibo. Gamit ang cohesive devices o kohesyong gramatikal sa pagsulat ng tekstong deskriptibo.
This document provides an overview of a research methodology. It describes the research design, locale, and participants of the study. The research design section briefly discusses what type of research design was used. The research locale section describes the community where the research was conducted and where the participants were drawn from. The research participants section lists the people who took part in the study. The document also includes sections on the instruments, materials, and procedures used in carrying out the research study.
Communication has purposes other than those related to the realm of the media industry; it also educates and alleviates people from ignorance of the events and issues in society. “ICT is a major development agenda in the Philippines because different forms of media have become part of practically all facets of Philippine society.”
Communication practitioners and journalists may find areas of work in private or public institutions, depending on the level of influence or contribution they want to make to their community.
As advanced by Stuart Hall, encoding and decoding presuppose that the decoders actively make sense of the message based on their individual social context or reality, and later on send feedback or collectively change the message.
Counseling involves a relationship between counselor and client to assist clients in changing behaviors or attitudes, achieving goals, and finding help. Counselors provide social skills training, communication skills development, spiritual guidance, decision making assistance, and career choice counseling, and in some settings provide premarital, grief, or domestic violence counseling. Counselors are professionally registered individuals who help clients develop their full potential, plan their futures and careers based on abilities and interests, and apply counseling theories, tools, and techniques through career guidance programs to help students become productive members of society.
A trend gains momentum over time, stabilizing into a habit or lifestyle. It seeks to innovate and solve problems. A fad is short-lived, driven by novelty. Trends have sustained behavior while fads are intense but brief. Trends meet needs while fads rely on coolness. Trends grow steadily while fads appear and disappear suddenly. Trends can cross industries while fads are limited in scope. Factors shaping trends include human needs, history, globalization, and digital connectivity enabling information sharing worldwide.
This document provides an introduction to social work, including its goals and scope. It defines social work as an academic discipline and profession concerned with enhancing social functioning and overall well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities. Social work aims to help people address problems and access resources to lead healthy, productive lives. The goals of social work are caring, curing, and changing. Caring focuses on quality of life and welfare. Curing treats issues with social functioning through techniques like counseling. Changing actively pursues lasting social reform. Pictures shown involve typhoon victims, a home for the aged, and street children, demonstrating clients social workers assist.
This document is a thesis proposal submitted to the Surigao del Sur State University-Cagwait Campus by four students - Angelito T. Pera, Anabelle C. Pontevedra, Eladio A. Denzo, Jr., and Ronaldo P. Delmonte, Jr. - for their Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology degree. The proposal is for developing an E-Library Management System for the Cagwait Campus using Visual Basic. It includes an introduction to the problem, objectives to develop a computerized system to improve library processes and services, a literature review on related studies of electronic resources and library management systems, and the scope and definition of terms for the study.
This undergraduate thesis examines the oral literatures of the Manuvo tribe in San Miguel, Surigao del Sur. The study aims to identify prevalent genres of oral traditions among the Manuvo people, including themes, symbols, and plot structures. The researchers will translate sample oral literatures into English and analyze how the stories reflect Manuvo language and culture. They also seek to understand how the Manuvo preserve and transmit their oral traditions intergenerationally. The study is grounded in mimetic theory to explore how Manuvo oral traditions may have developed through imitation and the communication of desires.
A THESIS - Assessment of the Levels of Study Skills of Computer Engineering S...Ange Alcantara
This document presents a study conducted by students at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines on the study skills of first and second year computer engineering students. It provides background information on the university and its goals. The study aims to assess students' levels of skills related to concentration, time management, note taking, test preparation and reading. It describes the input-process-output theoretical framework and conceptual framework used. The study seeks to understand students' demographic profiles and skill levels, and determine if relationships exist between profiles and skills. It discusses the scope, limitations and significance of the study. Finally, it reviews related literature on developing good study habits.
Final thesis presented december 2009 march 2010Lumbad 1989
This document is a thesis presented by Joanna April De Leon Lumbad to the faculty of St. Scholastica's College in Manila for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Interior Design. The thesis explores defining the Filipino cultural identity through Filipino avant-garde in performing arts theaters. It discusses the history of performing arts theaters and Philippine theater. Through interviews with theater experts and observations of existing theaters, the thesis examines how theater design has adapted over time to different influences and seeks to determine if an avant-garde concept can help establish a uniquely Filipino style.
The document contains two letters from the Office of the English As A Second Language Advocates at Surigao del Sur State University regarding a meeting to plan activities for English Month Celebration 2015. The first letter is a request to Dean Loayon for permission to hold the meeting in Room 201 from 3-5 PM on November 24th. The agenda includes proposed culmination activities and tarpaulin design. The second letter informs ESLA officers of the approved meeting with the same details.
The document provides background information on ProQuest, an electronic database subscribed to by La Salle University-Ozamiz City. It discusses how ProQuest provides access to citations, full text articles, dissertations, and other materials. It also reviews literature related to e-resources, awareness of ProQuest, and barriers to its use. The study aims to determine students' use, awareness, frequency of use, reasons for using, and barriers in using ProQuest. It describes the research methodology, including the descriptive research design, setting of the study at LSU, respondents which were 505 randomly selected students, and the questionnaire used as the data collection instrument.
The document proposes a Speech Festival 2015 event for BSED-III English students at Surigao del Sur State University. The event aims to encourage students to participate and showcase their speaking skills through various individual and group literary events like oration, storytelling, declamation, and news casting. It will be held on October 14, 2015 in Room 205 and have a budget of 1,950 PHP to cover snacks, certificates, and other expenses. The event is expected to help students perform literary pieces and reflect on the role of language in teaching speaking.
This study analyzed the oral literature traditions of the Manuvo people in San Miguel, Philippines. The researchers used qualitative methods and literary approaches like formalism and mimesis to define, understand, and interpret the Manuvos' songs, stories, and rituals. They identified common themes, symbols, and issues in the oral traditions and how these traditions reflected the Manuvos' language, culture, and values. Specifically, the study found folk songs, ritual songs, and stories still practiced in the community. The analysis of these oral literatures provided insights into the Manuvos' traditions and way of life. The researchers hope this study helps the Manuvo community preserve their rich oral traditions for future generations.
This document is a compilation of pictures from landmarks and natural spots in Tandag City, Philippines presented by a student. It includes pictures of the bus terminal, airport, city hall, boulevard, municipal hall, swimming pool, and sports complex with captions explaining their significance. The introduction provides background information on Tandag City, noting it is the capital of Surigao del Sur province, has a population of 52,114, and its main economic activities are farming and fishing.
The 2nd year students of Eastern Samar State University, under the instruction of Mrs. Gloria Corado, are requesting permission to use the university's Multi-Purpose Hall Building for their culminating activity for P.E. 211 Recreational Leadership. The activity will be a general rehearsal on March 20, 2015 and the main event on March 27, 2015, both running from 9:00 AM to an unspecified end time. The request is being made to the Vice President for Academic Affairs for approval to hold the event in the requested location.
This document discusses the EN 16114 standard for management consultancy services. It provides an overview of the standard's structure and contents, which covers areas like offerings, execution, and closure of consulting projects. The document outlines the rationale for the standard, which is to promote quality, transparency, and best practices in management consulting across Europe. It also discusses roles and organizations involved in developing the standard, as well as marketing efforts to encourage adoption and benefits for management consulting providers and their clients.
This document discusses internal and external examinations. It begins by defining examinations and their purpose in measuring student achievement and skills. Internal examinations are conducted by teachers and assess student performance over time, while external examinations are conducted by an outside body and aim to standardize assessment across schools. The document notes advantages and disadvantages of both forms of assessment and how different countries approach the balance between internal and external examinations.
This document provides an overview of management consultancy, including its history, definitions, types, reasons for consulting, and elements. Management consultancy involves providing objective external advice to help organizations improve their strategy, structure, management, and operations. It has roots in the 19th century and grew with the development of firms like Arthur Little and McKinsey. Major types include strategy, human resources, IT, and financial consulting. Reasons for consulting include obtaining an impartial perspective and specialized expertise. The document also discusses e-business, networking, and multinational consultancy organizations.
This career analysis examines the field of criminology. It discusses the history and education requirements, including typically requiring a bachelor's degree for entry-level jobs and a master's degree for higher levels. The job duties involve analyzing criminal behavior, investigating crime scenes, and questioning suspects. Criminologists typically work full-time in research organizations, universities, or government agencies. The career outlook is positive, with employment in criminology projected to grow 15% from 2012-2022.
Code of Ethics Relevant to Management ConsultancyDaryl Tabogoc
This document outlines a code of ethics for management consultancy. It defines a code of ethics as a set of guidelines and principles to help professionals conduct business honestly and with integrity. The management consultancy code of ethics ensures consultants maintain professionalism and high ethical standards when providing services to clients and dealing with colleagues. It establishes fundamental principles of integrity, objectivity, competence, confidentiality, professional behavior, and technical standards. The code also provides specific guidelines regarding clients, engagements, fees, and the profession.
Creating and measuring shareholders valueEdward Asinyo
This document provides an introduction and background to a master's thesis examining how Swedish companies create and measure shareholder value. It discusses the increasing focus on shareholder value worldwide and in Sweden. The research issue addressed is how companies measure shareholder value creation. The objective is to study different methods companies use to measure shareholder value creation and evaluate their advantages and shortcomings. The scope is limited to an analysis of selected large Swedish companies.
This document discusses management consultancy processes and approaches. It provides an overview of 3 models of the consultant's role proposed by Schein: 1) the purchase model, 2) the doctor-patient model, and 3) the process consultation model. It then examines several consultancy process frameworks from the literature, including the CRISP-DM model for data mining and phases identified by Fink and others. Finally, it discusses evaluating the effectiveness of consulting engagements.
Tax can be confusing. At the basic, there is Percentage Tax or Value Added Tax; VAT registered and a Non-VAT registered tax payer. In the Philippines, managing tax matters can be really complicated. Several individuals and companies even hire Consultants/Accounting Firms to manage compliance reporting.
This slideshow provides an overview of the management consultancy industry, focusing particularly on the major global firms. Issues in client-consultant relationships are highlighted, and lessons for managers seeking to engage consultants are presented.
Collegiate Recovery Programs: Supporting Second Chances - October 2012Dawn Farm
The transition to a college environment can pose significant risk to a recovering student and to students at risk for alcohol/other drug problems. Many colleges and universities, including the University of Michigan, have developed programs to help recovering students maintain their recovery, excel academically and have a normative college experience apart from the culture of alcohol and other drug use. Research demonstrates exceptionally high rates of academic success and sustained recovery among students who participate in Collegiate Recovery Programs. This presentation will provide an overview of the national and local efforts to build recovery support programs on college campuses, and provide information about what parents and students should look for as they explore their options for pursuing a degree of higher education. The program is presented by Mary Jo Desprez, MA; Director of Health Promotion and Community Relations, for the University of Michigan. Mary Jo manages both the Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Program and the Collegiate Recovery Program at the University of Michigan. She serves as the Co-Chair for both the Ann Arbor Campus and Community Coalition (A2C3), and the Michigan Campus Coalition (MC3). She is a Center Associate for the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention (U.S Department of Education). Mary Jo has also been an adjunct instructor at Eastern Michigan University since 1997. This program is part of the Dawn Farm Education Series, a FREE, annual workshop series developed to provide accurate, helpful, hopeful, practical, current information about chemical dependency, recovery, family and related issues. The Education Series is organized by Dawn Farm, a non-profit community of programs providing a continuum of chemical dependency services. For information, please see http://www.dawnfarm.org/programs/education-series.
This document outlines the course syllabus for Science, Technology and Society at the City of Malabon University. The 3-unit course is offered in the 2nd semester of the academic year 2023-2023. It will meet for 3 hours per week over 18 weeks. The course aims to explain the interactions between science, technology and society and analyze their impacts. Key topics will include the historical influences of science and technology, their role in nation-building, and their effects on various aspects of modern life and society. Student assessment will include quizzes, projects, recitation and exams.
Attitudes of anti smoking policy-questionaireAngelito Pera
This document contains a questionnaire for a study on the attitudes of local residents towards the strict implementation of Ordinance No. 2 in Tandag City, Philippines. The questionnaire asks for personal information and seeks to understand residents' views on the benefits, effects, and impacts of the anti-smoking ordinance. Respondents are asked to indicate their level of agreement on various statements related to how the ordinance contributes to peace, health programs, and preventing smoking in public areas. The researchers are students from Surigao del Sur State University conducting an undergraduate thesis on this topic.
The Bachelor of Science in Social Work (BSSW) is a four-year program at Pangasinan State University Lingayen Campus that provides students with knowledge and skills in social work practice, social welfare policies, and human welfare. It teaches students important skills like assessment, interviewing, case management, and advocacy to help individuals with disabilities, mental illnesses, criminal backgrounds, and addictions. The BS in Social Work program aims to educate students on understanding society's problems and empowering people to improve their living conditions.
This document summarizes a thesis that evaluated the Sustainable Prisons Project (SPP), which brings science and sustainability education to prisons. The thesis used interviews and surveys of offenders and staff from 4 Washington state prisons to examine if SPP programs shared characteristics with effective rehabilitation programs and the significance of science/sustainability education. Results from 25 offender and 12 staff interviews suggested SPP projects foster environmental stewardship and influence emotional health. This may improve offender quality of life and contribute to rehabilitation outcomes by reducing recidivism. The thesis provides context on SPP, effective rehabilitation programs, and how programs using plants/animals have promise for rehabilitation.
The document summarizes a narrative study on the healthcare practices of Aeta indigenous people in Barangay Sta. Juliana, Capas, Tarlac during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses the study's background, objectives, scope, significance and findings. The key findings are that Aeta people use traditional herbal medicines like guava leaves and oregano to treat illness. During the pandemic, they isolated themselves and used bamboo to block their community. Lagundi leaves were believed to treat COVID symptoms. The study concludes that improving healthcare access for Aeta communities and increasing awareness of traditional and modern treatments can benefit their health outcomes.
2Fifth Edition COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY.docxBHANU281672
This document provides an overview of the 5th edition of the textbook "Community Psychology" by John Moritsugu, Elizabeth Vera, Frank Y. Wong, and Karen Grover Duffy. It includes a table of contents that lists the chapters and major sections within the book. The book covers foundational concepts of community psychology, scientific research methods used in the field, stress and resilience, social change and intervention strategies, and applications of community psychology to settings like the mental health system, social services, schools, law and crime, healthcare, and community health/preventive medicine.
This document discusses a quantitative study on the effects of increased numbers of out-of-school youth on peace and order in Barangay Logan, Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay. It acknowledges those who helped with the research and dedicates the study. It consists of 5 chapters that discuss the background and problem statement, literature review and theoretical framework, methodology, data presentation and analysis, and conclusions and recommendations. The study aims to determine the causes and effects of rising out-of-school youth numbers and how to maintain peace and order in the community.
Health Problems and Healthcare Seeking Behavior of Transgender People of Bang...taniya islam
The document discusses a dissertation on the health problems and health care seeking behaviors of transgender people in Bangladesh. It provides an introduction to the topic, outlines the objectives and justification of the study, defines key terms, and presents a conceptual framework. The dissertation was submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in public health at American International University-Bangladesh. It explores the health issues faced by transgender people and how they seek medical help.
This document outlines Pakistan's new Single National Curriculum for General Science for grades 4-5. It covers three key strands - Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Earth and Space Sciences. For each strand, it defines standards and benchmarks that students are expected to achieve by the end of grade 5. These include understanding life processes, the diversity of life, properties of matter, energy transformations, and the relationship between the Earth and other objects in the solar system. The curriculum also emphasizes developing scientific skills, attitudes and incorporating STEM concepts. It aims to promote scientific literacy and prepare students for international assessments like TIMSS.
This document outlines the syllabus for a Science, Technology, and Society course taught by Professor Lady Emeterio at City College of San Jose Del Monte. The course will examine how science and technology impact society through 5 units over 18 weeks. Students will develop knowledge and skills to understand these impacts and articulate philosophical perspectives. Requirements include assignments, debates, exams, and a final project. Policies cover attendance, late work, and contacting the professor. The course aims to help students reflect on science and technology's role in society.
This document provides a course syllabus for an Ethics course at Cebu Technological University. It includes information such as the course description, learning outcomes, content, assessment tasks and time allocation. The course aims to teach students principles of ethical behavior at individual and societal levels. It will discuss concepts such as moral versus non-moral problems, ethical frameworks, and analyze moral dilemmas using principles of ethics. Students will examine how culture and social situations can influence moral behavior and decision making. Assessment will include exams, reflective papers, group activities and analyzing case studies using concepts taught.
This document summarizes research on cloning the kita gene from zebrafish gastrointestinal tissues. The kita gene is expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal in the mammalian GI tract and is important for their development and rhythmic contractions. A reduced density of these cells is associated with GI motility disorders. While kita functions in zebrafish pigment cell and GI motility development, its role in interstitial cell development is unknown. The research focuses on cloning a kita fragment to create a probe for in situ hybridization to visualize gene expression and cell development. Methods included isolating RNA, making cDNA, PCR to amplify kita, cloning, transforming E. coli, and sequencing the isolated kita
The document is a syllabus for a Science, Technology & Society course at the University of Nueva Caceres. It outlines the course details including objectives, topics, outcomes, and assessments. The course examines interactions between science, technology, and society and seeks to develop reflective knowledge in students. Key topics covered include intellectual revolutions, indigenous science, human flourishing, information age, biodiversity, genetics, nanotechnology, and climate change. Students are assessed through presentations, essays, recitation, quizzes, and exams. The syllabus provides the framework for students to understand impacts of science and technology on society.
Public awareness of diabetes mellitus in klang district, selangorpharmaindexing
This document summarizes a study that evaluated public awareness of diabetes mellitus in the Klang district of Selangor, Malaysia. 400 participants aged 12 and older were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diabetes. The results showed that 71% knew diabetes is a condition of high blood sugar. Kidney disease, foot problems, and eye disease were identified as the top 3 complications. Age and ethnicity were found to impact knowledge levels, but gender and education did not. In conclusion, public awareness of diabetes was reasonably good but some areas like eye care need more attention through improved educational programs.
Official results of entrance exam 2019 2020-officialreleaseAngelito Pera
1. This document lists the top performing examinees from the entrance examination for incoming 7th grade students from elementary schools in Cagwait, Surigao del Sur.
2. Jean Felicity Q. Mondalo and Brent Arthur C. Plaza from Cagwait Central Elementary School ranked 1st with a score of 91.7.
3. A total of 160 students passed the entrance examination and were approved for enrollment to San Antonio School for the upcoming school year 2020-2021.
The document outlines an in-service training for teachers on understanding culture, politics, and society. It discusses setting up a new classroom focusing on why teach, how to assess, how to teach, and what to teach. It also covers 21st century skills and the four exits of the KTO12 curriculum that learners should achieve. The training aims to help teachers design lesson plans aligned with curriculum guides using various acronyms. It provides an example of a sample teaching guide covering political and leadership structures with learning tasks and procedures.
Charlayne Veatrich Angel R. Rosales scored the highest on the entrance examination for incoming 7th grade students in Cagwait, Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Liza Mae C. Tatag and Rogelyn J. Español tied for second highest scores of 83.33. The document then provides a list of 128 students who passed the entrance exam, along with their names, scores, and recommendations for enrollment in grade 7.
Charlayne Veatrich Angel Rosales from Angel Aras-Asan Elementary School ranked first with a rating of 83.33 in the entrance examination for incoming grade 7 students in Cagwait, Surigao del Sur. Liza Mae C. Tatag from Unidad Elementary School ranked second with a rating of 86.66, and Rogelyn J. Espanol ranked third with a rating of 83.33. The document then provides a list of 128 students who passed the entrance examination along with their names, schools, and a recommendation for enrollment in grade 7.
FINAL REQUIREMENTS OF EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICAL RES. 1Angelito Pera
This document from San Antonio School outlines requirements and deadlines for students in various grades and strands regarding their online classes in Empowerment Technologies and Practical Research 1. Students must submit individual reflection papers, encoded quizzes, PowerPoint presentations, and signed test questionnaires. Top performing students must also photocopy lists of top performers. Video presentation requirements include individual advertisements, advocacy videos by September 20th and learning reflections by October 15th. Group presentation requirements include a school campaign video by October 20th and dance instructional videos by October 15th. All requirements must be submitted to the online class archive by assigned Consolidators or Commissioners by the given deadlines.
The document discusses the nature and characteristics of inquiry and research. It defines inquiry as seeking to discover meaningful things through investigation and higher-order thinking strategies. Research is defined as a combination of empirical observation and logic used to search for answers and settle doubts. Some key characteristics of research mentioned include being scientific, experimental, inductive, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, and methodical. The document also discusses different perspectives and fields that inquiry and research can be viewed from, such as processes, established bodies of knowledge, and sets of assumptions.
- The document presents the official results of practical research 1 and empowerment technologies first periodical examinations held on July 26-27, 2018 for students of San Antonio School in the Philippines.
- It lists the top performing students in each subject by rank, code, name, grade level, strand and ratings. For practical research 1, 85% of 40 examinees passed. For empowerment technologies, 80% of 70 examinees passed.
- A special periodical examination was also held on August 6-7, 2018 for 25 students, where 85% passed for both practical research 1 and empowerment technologies. Contact information is provided for inquiries about examination results.
- The document contains the official results of the first periodical examinations in English 7: Philippine Literature and Computer 7: Exploring ICT taken by 107 Grade 7 students from St. Anthony and St. John schools on July 26-27, 2018.
- It lists the top performing students in each subject, ranked by their scores. In English, 87% of students passed and in Computer, 85% passed based on the school's requirements.
- Contact information is provided for inquiries about successful examinees' results. The results are certified by the academic coordinator and are considered officially released on August 12, 2018.
This document provides an overview of various social media platforms, including:
1. Social networks like Facebook, Google+, and LinkedIn that allow users to connect and share content.
2. Bookmarking services like Diigo, Pinterest, and Pinboard where users can save and organize web links and pages.
3. Social news sites such as Reddit, Digg, and Slashdot where users can submit and vote on news stories.
4. Media sharing platforms like YouTube that enable users to upload and share photos, videos, and audio.
5. Microblogging sites including Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram where users post short updates.
6. Blogs and forums for discussion through individual blogs
This document provides an introduction to a study on designing the Cabugo Profiling System for Barangay Cabugo in Bayabas, Surigao del Sur. It discusses how the current manual profiling system is time-consuming and inefficient. The objectives of the new computerized system are to address issues like reducing paperwork, easily accessing records, securely storing files, and updating resident information more easily. The scope of the system will be limited to Barangay Cabugo's records, while providing population statistics, household information, and other demographic details. The significance of the new system is that it will benefit students by providing hands-on experience with system design, faculty by demonstrating how to transition from manual to computerized systems
The documents contain lists of top performers in various subjects from the San Antonio School in the Philippines. Several lists recognize top scorers in Practical Research 2, Empowerment Technologies, Philippine Literature, and Exploring ICT. The top students are identified by name, sequence number, and score. The lists are certified by teachers Mr. Angelito T. Pera and cover examination periods from June to August 2017.
The document contains official grading sheets from San Antonio School for the first quarter of the 2017-2018 school year, listing the grades of students from Grade 7 - St. Anthony and Grade 7 - St. John in the subjects of English 7: Philippine Literature and Computer 7: Exploring ICT, certified by the ESL and ICT teacher Angelito T. Pera. Letters were also included forwarding the grading sheets to the class advisers of each section.
The document defines various computer and internet related terms including viruses, keyloggers, copyright, fair use, pharming, web 2.0, user participation, semantic web, bookmarking sites, news sites, media sharing sites, microblogging, blogs and forums, mobile technologies, operating systems, assistive media, spyware, incognito mode, adware, spam, trojans, mail merge features in Microsoft Word, and infographics. It also provides examples of media sharing sites, microblogging sites, blogs and forums, social networks, and defines folksonomy and features of the semantic web.
The Student Body Organization of San Antonio School is initiating an Intensive Reading Comprehension Program to promote literacy and reinforce students with low reading comprehension skills. They are requesting permission from the school principal to hold the program every Wednesday and Friday from 12-1pm in the school library, starting in August 2017. They are also asking the class advisers to identify students to participate and provide their names and details using an attached form. The program aims to help students appreciate reading comprehension through language and literature.
This report card summarizes a student's progress over the school year across academic subjects and core values. It shows the student's grades and remarks in learning areas like Filipino, English, Math, and Science. It also includes reports on attendance, observed core values like being God-loving, people-loving, nature-loving, and patriotic. The school welcomes parents to discuss the student's performance and progress further.
Rubric cle anest and most disciplined sasAngelito Pera
The rubric rates classrooms on cleanliness, organization, and discipline across 10 categories on a scale of 0-10 points. The categories include the floor, white/black boards, bulletin boards, windows, walls/corridors, disciplinary measures, cleaning implements, desks/chairs, the teacher's table, and an overall impression. For each category, descriptors define the highest level of cleanliness and organization that demonstrates class pride as well as levels that show signs of neglect. The rater is instructed to tour the classroom, evaluate it according to the rubric descriptors, and record their points for each category.
The Student Body Organization of San Antonio School is requesting permission to conduct an Intensive Reading Comprehension Program to promote literacy and reinforce students with low reading skills. The program will be held every Wednesday and Friday from 12-1pm in the school library, starting in August 2017. The SBO President and Adviser signed the letter requesting the Principal's approval to allow the program and notify class advisers. Attachments providing details of the program were included for review.
This report card summarizes a student's progress over the school year across academic subjects and core values. It shows the student's grades and remarks for each subject in the different quarters as well as their general average. It also includes details of attendance, observed core values based on behavior statements, and spaces for parent/guardian signatures acknowledging receipt of the report. The school administration welcomes parents to learn more about their child's performance and progress.
- Jose Garcia Villa was a renowned Filipino poet born in 1914 who introduced new techniques to poetry like reversed consonance rhyme and extensive use of punctuation. He was awarded the title of National Artist of the Philippines.
- The poem "Proem" discusses Villa's philosophy that the meaning of a poem is symbolic rather than based on the words, and that a poem's purpose is to caress rather than convey thoughts or have meaning.
- "Sonnet I" lists qualities a poem must have to be magical, musical, bright, slender, hold fire and wisdom, kneel like a rose, and allow God to hover over it with a smile.
This document discusses imagery in writing and provides many examples of imagery used in single sentences. It defines imagery as descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the five senses. Short passages from poems, songs, and other works are presented to illustrate vivid imagery. Examples show how imagery can efficiently paint a picture or scene in just one sentence through creative word choices and metaphors.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
1. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
1
STRICT IMPLEMENTATION OF ORDINANCE NO. 2 (SERIES OF 2015) ALSO
KNOWN AS “THE COMPREHENSIVE ANTI-SMOKING ORDINANCE OF
TANDAG CITY” PARTICULARLY IN BARANGAY TELAJE TANDAG CITY
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Academic Requirements for
Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
Carlo P.Cabrera
Jerald Cris B. Elegino
Julius A. Maturan
Mark Jay C. Rabago
March, 2016
2. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
2
Table of Contents
Approval Sheet - - - - - - - i
Acknowledgment - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - iii
Abstract - - - - - - - vi
Chapter 1 The Problem and its Scope
Introduction - - - - - - - 2
Conceptual Framework - - - - - - - 5
Schematic Diagram - - - - - - - 6
Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 7
Scope and Limitations - - - - - - - 8
Significance of the Study - - - - - - - 9
Definition of Terms - - - - - - - 11
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature - - - - - - - 17
Related Studies - - - - - - - 26
CHAPTER 3 Research Methodology
Research Design - - - - - - - 27
Research Locale - - - - - - - 27
Respondents of the Study - - - - - - - 28
Instrumentation - - - - - - - 28
Data Gathering Procedure - - - - - - - 28
3. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
3
Statistical Treatment - - - - - - - 29
Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 Distribution of Respondents’ Age - - - - 31
Figure 2 Distribution of Respondents’ Age - - - - 31
Table 2 Distribution of the Respondents’ Civil Status - - - 31
Table 2 Distribution of the Respondents’ Civil Status - - - 31
Table 3 Distribution of Respondents’ Sex - - - - 32
Figure 3 Distribution of Respondents’ Sex - - - 32
Table 4 Distribution of the Respondents’ Occupation - - - 33
Figure 4 Distribution of the Respondents’ Occupation - - - 33
Table 5 Distribution of the Respondents’ Educational Background - 34
Figure 5 Distribution of the Respondents’ Educational Background - 34
Chapter 5 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary of Findings - - - - - - 37
Conclusions - - - - - - 38
Recommendations - - - - - - 39
References Cited - - - - - - 40
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Request Letter - - - - - - 41
Appendix B Questionnaire - - - - - - 44
Curriculum Vitae - - - - - - - 50
4. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
4
Approval Sheet
This Undergraduate Thesis entitled ” Anti-Smoking Policy Through
Strict implementation of Ordinance No. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as
“The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly
in Barangay Telaje Tandag City“prepared, presented and submitted by Carlo
P.Cabrera, Jerald Cris B. Elegino, Julius A. Maturan and Mark Jay C.
Rabago in partial fulfillment of the academic requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Political Science has been examined, accepted and recommended
for approval.
ROLITA R. SALVADORA,Ph.D.
Adviser
Panel of Examiners
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of
PASSED.
MARK ANTHONY F. CLAR, Ed.D. CLEOPATRA M. ATRAS, Ph.D.
Member Member
MARIA CRISTINA B. FALLS, Ph.D.
Chairman
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the Academic Requirements for the
Degree of
Date: March 2016
NOELITO M. TOMASINAO, Ed.D.
CAS Dean
5. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
5
Acknowledgment
From the inspirational lines of Henry Ford “life is a series of experiences,
each one of which makes us bigger, even though sometimes it is hard to realize
this. For the world was built to develop character, and we must learn that the
setbacks and grieves which we endure help us in our marching onward “On the
other hand, we can make things possible with God successfully fulfilled our
dreams. With words of thanks and appreciation:
To Almighty God, for all His blessings and bounties that keep us happy
and faithful through the years,
To our parents, for all the financial and moral assistance and guidance
through the years,
To our groupmates, for their financial and moral support, assistance, help
and time,
To Dr. Lolita Y. Suazes, for her guidance, knowledge, constructive
criticisms and pieces of advice in the process and development of this study,
To Dr. Evelyn T. Bagood for her relentless support and assistance in
editing this Undergraduate thesis,
And to the future researchers and students of this academic paper, for
their willingness learn and share ideas to others of this study,
Again, our warmest words of and thankfulness to all of you of this
academic success.
The Defenders
6. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
6
Dedication
With the challenges and circumstances that we have faced in the process
and development of this academic paper, we have come to realize that it
signified in enhancing our knowledge, skills and values in life and the success of
every endeavor lies within our hands. In other words, we would like to dedicate
this academic piece of accomplishment:
To Almighty God, for all His blessings and bounties that keep us happy
and faithful through the years,
To our parents, for all the financial and moral assistance and guidance
through the years,
To our groupmates, for their financial and moral support, assistance, help
and time,
To Dr. Lolita Y. Suazes, for her guidance, knowledge, constructive
criticisms and pieces of advice in the process and development of this study,
To Dr. Evelyn T. Bagood for her relentless support and assistance in
editing this Undergraduate thesis,
And to the future researchers and students of this academic paper, for
their willingness learn and share ideas to others of this study,
Again, our warmest words of and thankfulness to all of you of this
academic success.
The Defenders
7. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
7
Abstract
Title : Anti-Smoking Policy through Strict implementation of Ordinance
no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking
Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag City
Authors: Carlo P.Cabrera, Jerald Cris B. Elegino, Julius A. Maturan and
Mark Jay C. Rabago
Course/Year Level: Bachelor of Political Science Fourth Year Students
Keywords: Awareness, Anti-Smoking Policy, Ordinance, Intervention,
Campaign and Lifestyle
This study aimed to help reinforced the efforts of the Department of Health
for attaining smoke-free community and respond the call of the national health
sector campaign for Anti-smoking would specifically sought to answer the
following questions: (1.) What is the demographic profile of the respondents in
terms of Sex, Age, Educational Background, Occupation, Income Level and
Average size of the Family, (2.) What would be the impact of implementing the
“Comprehensive Anti-smoking Ordinance of Telaje, Tandag City? (3.) Why is this
order been running when people are well aware of the dangers of smoking and
Does the Department of Health and City Government of Tandag focus on health
and safety regarding secondhand smoke, not individual rights?
Findings of the study showed that Respondents’ age revealed that 20-25
years old with the total percentage of 39.30%, 26-30 years old with the total
percentage of 25.30%, 31-40 years old with the total percentage of 23. 30%, 40-
8. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
8
above years old with the total percentage of 12%, Respondent’s civil status
revealed that single with the total percentage of 31.33%, Married with the total
percentage of 43.33% and Widowed with the total percentage of 25.33%,
Meanwhile, respondent’s civil status revealed that single with the total
percentage of 31.33%, Married with the total percentage of 43.33% and
Widowed with the total percentage of 25.33%, Respondents’ sex revealed that
Male with the total percentage of 54.60% and Female with the total percentage of
45.30%, respondents’ income level which revealed that 5 K with the total
percentage of 22%, 5k-10k with the total percentage of 35% and 10k-15k with
the total percentage of 42%. Furthermore, respondents’ educational attainment
revealed that College with the total percentage of 48%, Secondary with the total
percentage of 30.60% and Elementary with the total percentage of 21.30%,
respondents’ employment setting revealed that City with the total percentage of
40.66%, Municipality with the total percentage of 32.66%, Barrio with the total
percentage of 14.66% and Others with the total percentage of 12%, respondents’
employment type revealed that Professional with the total percentage of 73.33%
and Self-Employed with the total percentage of 26.66%.
Based on the summary of findings, the following conclusions are hereby
drawn and presented: In terms of the respondents’ profile, it signified that most of
the respondents’ age participated to this survey were 20-25 years old, Married,
Males, income levels of the respondents are from 10 k-15k, educational
attainments are College, employment settings are from the City, employment
9. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
9
type are professionals and the level of awareness of the local residents with
respect to the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Telaje, Tandag
City revealed that the locals are aware of the implementation of the said city
ordinance.
From the summary of findings/results of the study, the following considerations
are offered.
Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should promote Anti-Smoking
awareness to the public so that to attain a smoke-free community, Strict
Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Barangay
Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should provide information to the public
through information drive campaign in partnership with the local government
officials to help strengthened and reinforced the implementation of the said
ordinance effectively.
Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should encourage individuals to
fight smoking in order to empower healthy lifestyles, Strict Implementation of The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Barangay Telaje, Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur should state clearly the area/vicinity of the implementation so
that the information will be properly disseminated to the residents and Strict
Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Barangay
Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should continue addressed its goals and
objectives of the implementation for the benefit of the local residents.
10. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
10
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Smoking bans (or smoke-free laws) are public policies, including criminal
laws and occupational safety and health regulations, which prohibit tobacco
smoking in workplaces and other public spaces. Legislation may also define
smoking as more generally being the carrying or possessing of any lit tobacco
product. The tobacco most commonly the substance is the dried leaves of the
tobacco plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a
small, a round cylinder called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_ban.
On the other hand, the implementation of anti-smoking policy in some
urban areas will help and reinforce in promoting public health in the community to
support the government in its national health campaign.
Furthermore, the city government of Tandag in Surigao del Sur supports
the advocacy of the national government in implementing ordnances and
regulations with respect to Anti-smoking policy. In this context, the Ordinance
No.02 s, 2015 Section 2 reads that It shall be unlawful for any person to smoke
or allow smoking of any tobacco product, or use Electronic Device System,
Shisha and the like, in all forms of Public Conveyances, Government-owned
Vehicles, Accommodation and Entertainment Establishment, workplaces,
Enclosed or Partially Enclose Public Places, Public Outdoors Spaces, except in
duly designated smoking areas as defined in Section 3 hereunder within the
11. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
11
Territorial Jurisdiction of Tandag City. In other words, the Anti-Smoking policy is
necessary in achieving public health and promoting quality life. Meanwhile, the
gaps of this study are for smoking bans posits that smoking is optional, whereas
breathing is not. Therefore, proponents say, smoking bans are enforced to
protect people from the effects of second-hand smoke, which include an
increased risk of heart disease, cancer, emphysema, and other diseases. Other
research has generated meta-analyses show that lifelong non-smokers with
partners who smoke in the home have a 20–30% greater risk of lung cancer than
non-smokers who live with non-smokers. Non-smokers exposed to cigarette
smoke in the workplace have an increased lung cancer risk of 16–19%.
For instance, setting the framework for discussing smoke-free policies in
Tandag City, there are two general types of policies: those that are mandated by
law or regulation and those that are voluntarily adopted. In addition, smoke-free
policies can be categorized as those that impact public areas and those that
impact private areas. This kind of law is use worldwide in order to promote a
Smoke- Free environment where everyone is protected from the hazards of
secondhand smoke, in all enclosed workplaces and public places, including
restaurants, bars and other hospitality venues and also to promote a healthy
lifestyle. Thus, Anti-Smoking Policy through Strict implementation of ordinance
no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking
Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag City is
deemed necessary for the benefit and health awareness of Tandaganons.
12. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
12
Conceptual Framework
According to Apelberg, (2007) direct and indirect exposures to cigarette
smoking cause these diseases. Direct exposure or first- hand is the actual
smoking, while indirect exposure may be second hand or inhaling the smoke
when a person smokes near and third-hand smoke or exposure to chemicals that
remain after the cigarette is put out In connection with these dangers of smoking,
there are increasing numbers of Filipino smokers and an alarming number of
youth smokers.
According to Harry (2005) tobacco contains nicotine, a highly addictive
drug that makes it difficult for the smokers to kick the habit. Tobacco products
also contain many poisonous and harmful substances that cause disease and
premature death. Smoking causes heart attacks and stroke, causes disease and
is a slow way to die. It slowly rots the lungs. In younger people, three (3) out of
the four (4) deaths from heart disease are due to smoking.
According to Shivani, (2009) anti-smoking ordinance helps and supports
to disseminate information about the dangers and consequences of smoking and
in contrast; most smoking advertisements which sell cigarette products to
people are in the form of product advertising.
According to Pechmann, Goldberg, & Reibling (2003) the implementation
of anti-smoking ordinance in the city aims to increase nonsmoking intentions and
awareness to the local community health.
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Figure.1 Schematic diagram of the Study
This diagram shows in sequence the input, process and output with
respect to the paradigm of the present study.
I I For instance, the paradigm shows each of the elements needs for the
present study. The demographic profile presents the input, the implementation is
the process and the smoke-free environment is the output of the study.
Demographic profile of
the respondents;
1.1 Sex
1.2 Age
1.3 Educational Level
1.4 Occupation
1.5 Income Level
1.6 Average size of
the Family
1.7 Length of
Residency
Impact/Implications of
the ordinance;
Level of Awareness,
Outcomes/Feedbacks
of the implementation
Strict
Implementation of
The
Comprehensive
Anti-Smoking
Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje,
Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur
Smoke-Free
Environment in
Brgy.Telaje,
Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur
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Statement of the Problem
Implementation of anti-smoking policy in both rural and urban areas in all
provinces of the Philippines has been recurring national health campaign to help
reinforced the efforts of the Department of Health for attaining smoke-free
community. Thus, city government in cooperation with Department of Health
implements ordinances and policies to respond the call of the national health
sector campaign for Anti-smoking.
This would specifically sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Sex
1.2 Age
1.3 Educational Background
1.4 Occupation
1.5 Income Level
1.6 Average size of the Family
1.7 Length of Residency
2. What would be the impact of implementing the “Comprehensive Anti-
smoking Ordinance of Telaje, Tandag City?
3. Why is this order been running when people are well aware of the dangers
of smoking?
4. Does the Department of Health and City Government of Tandag focus on
health and safety regarding secondhand smoke, not individual rights?
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5. Is there a big chastisement of any person who violated of this Ordinance?
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study was conducted to determine and identify the huge impact and
outcomes with respect to the implementation of the Ordinance No.02 s, 2015
also known as “the Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance to the citizens in the
public and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur for
Academic Year 2015-2016.
Moreover, there was strong limitation about this study that the cigarette
users are advised to follow the policy for reducing smoking behavior among
youth, young adults and persons in low socioeconomic status, compared to the
general population and the possible interventions, levels of awareness and
recommendations to the implementation of Anti-smoking ordinance.
In other words, this study is focused to come up with results and
responses with respect to the effective and beneficial implementation of anti-
smoking policy in Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur.
.
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Significance of the Study
The findings of the study will provide enough information to the academe,
institutions, business establishments and group of persons:
To the Tandaganons: This study will give them enough information of
the implementation of Ordinance No. 1 S., 2015 also known as “The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in
Barangay Telaje Tandag City” in promoting the national campaign for anti-
smoking policy by the Department of Health and substantiating its goal in
achieving smoke-free community and quality life. Furthermore, the
implementation of the ordinance is necessary to help informed the public
persistently the dangers and consequences of smoking.
To the City Government Officials: This study will help them encouraged
to support and continue campaigning and advocating the anti-smoking policy
through implementing of ordinances to the local community. Furthermore, the
goal for smoke-free community will be established and achieved through widest
dissemination of information and implementation of anti-smoking to the
community.
To the Political Science Students: This study will guide them to the
implementation of anti-smoking ordinance/policy in urban and rural areas with
respect to legal procedures of implementing an ordinance to the local community.
Also, it will give them enough information and knowledge in conducting research
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work relevant to the implementation of the city ordinance in anti-smoking policy in
response to the national health campaign of the Department of Health.
To the Political Science Instructors: This study will help substantiated
their instruction in public administration class in order that they can share
knowledge and information to their students with respect to the appropriate
implementation of ordinances and policies for local community in support and
respond to the national health campaign of the Department of Health for anti-
smoking which is a recurred activity.
To the Parents: This study will help them informed in the importance of
the implementation of Ordinance No. 1 S., 2015 also known as “The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in Barangay
Telaje Tandag City” in promoting positive outcomes and benefits to their families
and children so that they will advocate in the anti-smoking policy for public health
and concern of the Department of Health.
To the Academe/University: This study will help informed properly the
importance of the implementation of anti-smoking ordinance to the community
and for the University to lead the implementation for appropriate dissemination of
information to the academic and administrative staff for the benefit of colleagues
and students respectively.
To the SDSSUANS: This study will give them enough information on the
benefits of the implementation of the anti-smoking policy/ordinance and
becoming anti-smoking advocate of the community.
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Definition of Terms
The different terminologies used in the development of the study are
operationally defined below for clarity and easy understanding among readers:
Accommodation and Entertainment Establishments refer to establishments
that provide food, accommodation, drinks, merchandise, entertainment or other
professional services including, but not limited to restaurant, fast food, eateries,
hotels, motels, inn or any other places with pleasant environment and
atmosphere.
Electronic Device Systems refer to any device such as electronic nicotine
device system, electronic cigarette and other similar devices.
Mandatory Duties and Obligation refer that required or commanded by
authority; obligatory.
Public Building refers to a building structure owned by the government or
owned by a private person. Including any building or structure use or controlled
exclusively for public purposes by any department or branch or government, local
government unit or Barangay without references to the ownership of the building.
Public Conveyances refer to any vehicles, whether mobile or stationary, used in
the transport or passenger or available to the public as a mode of transport.
Public Outdoor Spaces refer to outdoor spaces that are open to the public or
places where facilities are available for the public or where a crowd of people
gather or congregate
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Prohibited Acts refer to forbid by authority. Illegal prohibited by law or by official
or accepted rules.
Shisha refers to an oriental tobacco pipe with a long flexible tube connected to a
container where the smoke is cooled by passing through water. It also known as
Sheesha, Hookah, Kalian, Narghile, Ageel and Water pipe.
Smoking refers to the lighting and/or puffing of any cigarette, cigar, and tobacco
product of any kind, form or type.
Tobacco Product refers to any product that consist of loose tobacco that
contains nicotine and is intended for use in a cigarette, including any product
containing tobacco and intended for smoking or oral or nasal use.
Workplace refers to an area, permanent or temporary, in which a person
performs duties of employment or work.
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Chapter II
Review and Related Literature and Related Studies
This chapter covers and presents the Review of Related Literature and
Related Studies of the present study.
Foreign
The global anti-smoking campaign that began in 1964 has saved about 8
million lives in the U.S., even as the number of smokers reached 1 billion
worldwide, with Bangladesh, Russia, Indonesia and China recording the highest
increase in the number of cigarette consumers in recent years, a collection of
reports released online on Tuesday showed.
According to a number of studies published in the Journal of the American
Medical Association, or JAMA, the anti-smoking measures implemented in the
U.S. following a 1964 report from then-Surgeon General Luther Terry that
outlined the deadly consequences of tobacco consumption, has managed to
save nearly 8 million of lives and a total of 157 million years of life. Terry’s report,
which called for stringent measures to curb smoking habits among people, had
sparked a massive campaign aided by tax increases, smoking restrictions and
bans in public places among other measures.
The study led by Yale School of Public Health has found that about 17.6
million Americans have died since 1964 due to smoking-related causes, but the
tobacco-control measures have helped to reduce significantly the number of
Americans who smoke from 42 percent in 1964, to 18 percent in 2012. And,
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despite the growth in population, number of smokers in the U.S. has come down
to 38 million in 2012, from 52 million in 1980, the researchers said. “More
encouraging is the steady progress that was achieved over the past half-century,
beginning with a modest 11 percent in the first decade to 48 percent of the
estimate what we would have seen from 2004 to 2012 in the absence of tobacco
control," Theodore R. Holford), the lead author of the study said.
Today, a 40-year-old man can expect on average to live 7.8 years longer
than he would have in 1964, and 30 percent of that improvement can be
attributed to tobacco control. The gains for women have been slightly less, 5.4
years, but tobacco control accounts for 29 percent of that benefit," he added.
The number of smokers worldwide increased in past five decades to 1
billion, while the number of cigarettes consumed globally rose to 6.25 trillion in
2012, from 5 trillion in 1980, a study from the University of Washington on
tobacco consumption in 187 countries showed.
However, the researchers noted that global smoking prevalence, the
number of smokers in proportion to the total population has declined. The
number of people who light up surged in developing countries and low-and
middle-income countries, while larger countries such as China, Russia and
Indonesia have witnessed a sharp increase in the number of smokers,
offsetting the progress made in countries such as the U.S., Canada, Iceland and
Mexico, where smoking prevalence has decreased by nearly 50 percent.
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Tobacco prevalence is highest in East Timor with 61 percent of the
country’s population smoking every day, while the twin Caribbean islands of
Antigua and Barbuda have the lowest rate of smokers at 5 percent. Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Kuwait, the Philippines and Japan also have a high rate of smoking
prevalence. The study also upheld the success of tobacco control measures
including high taxes and graphic campaigns in curbing the habit in several
countries including Mexico and Uruguay."As the overall number of smokers
worldwide is still rising, this study shows how important it is for all countries to
implement a range of tobacco control measures to curb the terrible toll of
tobacco-related illness and death,” Amanda Sanford of Action on Smoking and
Health told the BBC. "Low and middle-income countries in particular face an
enormous challenge to fend off the powerful tobacco industry and stop smoking
rates escalating." Australia has among the toughest antismoking legislation in the
world. Smoking is banned inside all airports, government offices, health clinics
and workplaces in Australia. Restaurants and shopping centers in most states
and territories are also smoke-free zones.
In Sydney, smoking is also banned on the beaches of Manly and Bondi,
among others. In 2007 the city of Fremantle banned smoking in all outside
dining areas. Perth followed suit in August 2008. From next year, smoking will
also be outlawed in under covered waiting areas for public transport and taxis
and within 10 meters of playgrounds in South Australia.
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This month SA Health Minister John Hill has warned the hospitality industry
needs to prepare for the possibility of smoke-free outdoor dining and drinking
areas by 2016.
Canada has some of the lowest smoking levels in the world following a
ban on smoking in workplaces and public places.
Cigarette packets bear graphic images of the damage done to internal organs by
smoking. China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of tobacco. In May
2008, in the run-up to the Olympic Games, a ban on smoking in most public
buildings came into force in the Chinese capital, Beijing.
The move was an attempt to discourage some of China's 350 million
smokers and also part of wider efforts to clean up the city ahead of the games.
Every three cigarettes lit worldwide, one is smoked in China. Almost 25
per cent of the Chinese smoke.
This year in its 12th Five Year Plan China (2011-15) promised to ban
smoking in public places "in an all-around manner".
This is the first time that China included an antismoking measure into its
five-year plan.
France took a major step towards a total public ban when it announced it
would prevent smoking in workplaces and other public buildings from 1 February
2007. The law was extended in 2008 to include cafés, restaurants and bars. Any
smoker caught flouting the ban after then can be fined up to 450 Euros, while
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those who turn a blind eye to smokers on their premises can be fined up to 750
Euros.
In Germany, eight states, including Berlin, ushered in 2008 declaring their
pubs and restaurants smoke-free. German restaurants and pubs have strongly
resisted the bans, not only because of the potential loss of income but partly
because of an earlier crackdown on smoking initiated by Adolf Hitler's Nazi
regime.
The sensitivity of the issue has prompted the authorities to allow special
rooms to be set up purely for smokers. The toughest rules in Germany are in
Bavaria, where no smoking rooms will be allowed.
German doctors were among the first to identify the link between smoking
and lung cancer. Nazi Germany led the first antismoking campaign in modern
history. Greece introduced its third attempt at banning smoking in public places
on 1 July 2009. Under the new rules, smoking will be prohibited in hospitals,
schools, vehicles and all public spaces. But small restaurants will be allowed to
choose to admit exclusively smokers (or non-smokers), and bigger ones can
have smoking areas.
Previous attempts to introduce a ban in 2002 and 2003 failed after they
were largely ignored. Ireland imposed tough antismoking legislation in March
2004, banning smoking in pubs, restaurants and other enclosed workplaces.
Anyone caught smoking in a prohibited location now faces a fine of up to 3,000
euros (£2,000).
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United Kingdom Smoking is banned in nearly all enclosed public spaces -
including bars, restaurants and workplaces. The ban came into force in England
early on 1 July. Scotland introduced a ban in March 2006, followed by Wales and
Northern Ireland in April 2007.
Smoking in pubs, restaurants, offices and on public transport face on-the-
spot fines of £50, while those in charge of the premises could also be fined for
allowing smoking. United States California has some of the toughest and most
extensive antismoking legislation anywhere in the world. A ban on smoking
inside or within 1.5 meters of any public building came into force in 1993 -
recently extended to six meters. Smoking is also banned in restaurants, bars and
enclosed workplaces - and on beaches - throughout the state.
In New York, smoking has been banned in bars, clubs and restaurants
since March 2003. A ban on smoking in public places came into force in October
2008 in an effort to curb high levels of tobacco addiction. Anyone caught
breaking the law will be fined 200 rupees ($4.50). The law also bans direct and
indirect advertising of tobacco products and the sale of cigarettes to children.
Iran banned smoking in public buildings and tobacco advertising in
October 2003 - but both measures have had little effect. Smoking was banned in
religious and administrative buildings, as well as hotels, restaurants, airports,
cinemas and sports centers. Despite this, the ban is largely ignored and laws
rarely enforced. In Bhutan the sale of tobacco products has been banned
throughout the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan. It is believed to be the first country
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to have done this. Bhutan banned the sale of tobacco in 2005 and tightened up
its law further last year to combat smuggling, requiring consumers to provide
valid customs receipts for their cigarettes. Only a small percentage of the
Bhutanese population smoke while chewing tobacco was much more common.
March this year a monk caught carrying $2.50-worth of tobacco was jailed for
three years, becoming the first person punished under the country's draconian
antismoking law.
Local
In 2003, the Philippines enacted a smoke free law that restricts smoking in
enclosed public places and workplaces. Smoking areas are permitted in most
public places other than health care and educational facilities.
In July 2011, Manila implemented a smoke free ordinance for schools,
gyms, parks, hospitals, elevators and stairwells of all buildings, buses and bus
depots, restaurants, and government facilities.
The city of Las Piñas adopted a smoke free ordinance that covers
government workplaces and many public places. The local ordinance is stronger
than the national law, but still exempts many private workplaces and all
hospitality establishments.
According to the World Health Organization, smoking causes nearly 6
million deaths worldwide each year. Thus, in the Philippines, the campaign for
the cessation of smoking has been consolidated through various programs. More
recently, there have been debates over the proposal of the government to
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increase taxes on tobacco products via the Sin Tax Bill. It is the government’s
initiative to discourage the demand for tobacco. Also, last year, the Metro Manila
Development Authority launched a massive campaign to fine smokers caught
smoking in public spaces.
The smoking among young adults here in the Philippines has incredibly
swelled up the past decade. Particularly among college students, where the
freedom from parental supervision may first be experienced, they are a high risk
group extremely susceptible to peer and societal pressure (Wolburg, 2006). To
prevent further widespread of smoking, government agencies (Department of
Health, etc.) and NGOs launched massive anti smoking campaigns with
emotional overtones.
The use of emotional persuasion is very rampant in advertising. In
convincing people, entities opt to use emotionally-charged advertisements in
order to elicit feelings such as warmth (positively valenced) or guilt (negatively
valenced), which in turn can make consumers comply. This strategy, when
applied in antismoking advertisements, has contradicting results particularly in
the tobacco industry, they are constantly bombarded by Public Service Appeals
(PSA) created by the government, non-government organizations, and other
stakeholders. These PSAs are released in different media such as TV, radio,
print, and more virally, the internet. In the Philippine setting though, the use of
these types of advertisements in the form of video is extremely unorthodox. The
anti-smoking advertisements being released in the country are in the usual
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medium of print. One example of this is the graphic warnings (images of
damaged lungs of a smokers plastered on a cigarette box, etc). Therefore, this
study is focused on the medium of print.
Also, this study is very timely and relevant considering the current
legislative efforts to reduce the demand for smoking. The purpose of this study is
to examine the effectiveness of anti smoking advertisements’ message
valence/framing to college smokers of San Beda and, consequently, to know
what message valence/framing of anti smoking advertisement will be best
suitable for college student smokers.
Anti Smoking Advertisement’s Message Valence: An Evaluation of
Its Effectiveness to College Student Smokers, Jauhn Etienne Villaruel,
2013.
Many Filipinos die due to smoking-related diseases. On a daily basis, 240
Filipinos die because of these smoking-related diseases such as heart failure,
stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease and
many cancers.This accounts for 87,600 deaths due to smoking-related diseases
in the country every year (WHO, 2009b).Direct and indirect exposures to
cigarette smoking cause these diseases. Direct exposure or first- hand is the
actual smoking, while indirect exposure may be second hand or inhaling the
smoke when a person smokes near and third-hand smoke or exposure to
chemicals that remain after the cigarette is put out (Apelberg, 2007).
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In connection with these dangers of smoking, there are increasing
numbers of Filipino smokers and an alarming number of youth smokers. Republic
Act of 9211(as cited in Department of Education [DepEd],2011), or the Tobacco
Regulation Act of 2003, specifies the smoking prohibition in public places: Thus,
this law of the country protects specifically the youth from being exposed to
smoking. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (2007) estimates that there are 17%
or 4 million Filipino youths with ages 13-15 years who are smoking. Of these
early starters,2.8 million are boys and 1.2 million are girls.
With these alarming statistics, a number of anti-smoking campaigns are
being implemented around the country. The Department of Education (DepEd)
through their program Oplan Balik-Eskwela integrates anti-smoking campaign in
schools for the protection of the students against the hazards of smoking. The
main goal of the campaign is to ensure the implementation of the anti-smoking
policies in schools (DepEd , 2011). Aside from the efforts of DepEd, the Metro
Manila Development Authority (MMDA) has also launched its anti-smoking
campaign in the National Capital Region (NCR). The MMDA enforcers have
started to reprimand those who are smoking in public places (Aning, 2011).
MMDA’s vision of having a smoke-free Manila is the main reason why this
study is made in NCR. When it comes to advertisements, according to Bovee
(1992), "Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually
paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by
identified sponsors through the various media." (p.7).The three major functions
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of advertisements are to disseminate information, to provide incentives to
viewers for them to engage in action, and to provide constant reminders and
reinforcements to generate the desired behavior the advertiser wants from them
(Puranik, 2011). There are forms of advertising which are mainly connected.
In the Philippines, there are 17% or 4 million Filipino youth with ages 13-
15 years who are already smoking. Of these early starters, 2.8 million are boys
and 1.2 million are girls (Global Youth Tobacco Survey [GYTS], 2007). This is a
serious issue that must be given attention. Survey results show that boys are
most likely to start smoking during their high school days. Thus, this study
focuses on the male high-school students. NCR is chosen in order to contribute
to the MMDA’s vision of a smoke-free Manila.
Moreover, the anti-smoking advertisements provide messages that are
very vital in persuading students to not smoke. Hence, the researchers want to
know the messages in the anti-smoking advertisements that the students recall.
The students’ extent of exposure to anti-smoking advertisements and recall are
factors that can affect the students’ behavior on smoking. In order to have a more
comprehensive view of the extent of exposure and recall of the NCR male high
school students to anti-smoking campaigns, the study uses the Health Belief
Model (HBM) that looks on the students’ perceptions of and attitudes toward
smoking. The HBM provides a framework that relates the specific objectives of
this study to each other; it provides a possible explanation on the students’
smoking behavior.
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This study is a significant endeavor in promoting public health and proper
law implementation of RA 9211 among the youth today. Hence, the knowledge of
the students about the dangers of smoking and the smoking law is determined in
this study. It is known that cigarettes can be purchased in tingi-tingi or by piece.
Cigarette vendors openly sell cigarettes in streets and sidewalks. This kind of
strategy makes it easy for an adolescent to buy a stick violating a section in RA
9211 that prohibits selling of cigarettes within the 100 meter perimeter of the
school. The study through the awareness of the students on where to buy
cigarettes provides incidental data if this law is followed. Hence this study is
helpful to those government agencies like the DepEd and MMDA; and Non-
Government Organizations (NGOs) who are promoting anti-smoking
policy/ordinance for the community in particular and to the country in general.
SmokeCheck: A Study on the Effects of NCR Male High School
Students’ Exposure to and Recall of Anti-Smoking Advertisements to Their
Perceptions of and Attitudes toward Smoking among the Filipino Youths
Today, Joyce M. Aguillon and Precious B. Romano, 2013.
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Related Studies
Foreign
In 1982, the Surgeon General of the United States declared cigarette
smoking to the be the single major cause of cancer deaths in the country
(American Cancer Society, 2012 ). Though this statement was made more than
25 years ago, it remains true today (American Cancer Society, 2012 ). In the
United States each day, around 3,800 young people under the age of 18 smoke
their first cigarette (SAMHSA ,2011). The risks associated with the habit become
increased for youth smokers because they began earlier than those who started
smoking as adults. Youth smokers have a greater risk of lung cancer,
cardiovascular disease and respiratory diseases (American Legacy
Foundation,2012). One third of youth smokers who continue smoking as adults
will die prematurely due to tobacco related diseases. The risks associated with
smoking are heightened for those who begin smoking at a young age and
continue into adulthood. Between the years 1997-2003, youth cigarette use in the
United States declined sharply (CDC,2010).
In order to understand the issue of youth smoking, it is important to have a
sense of the history of smoking in general. In 1913, R.J. Reynolds, one of the
world’s largest tobacco companies, released the Camel cigarette. It was the first
modern, mass-produced cigarette. Cigarettes were initially not seen as
dangerous and were even included in rations for American soldiers during World
War I (U.S. National Library of Medicine,2012). While the addictive products were
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being spread throughout the world, researchers found out that cigarettes do have
harmful effects. In 1938, researcher Raymond Pearl established that, based on
statistics, smoking shortens life expectancy (U.S. National Library of
Medicine,2012). Since the U.S. Surgeon General’s report began being issued in
1964, 31 reports have been tobacco-related. The first report by Surgeon General
Luther L. Terry was titled “Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory
Committee of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service.” The report
changed the framing of smoking risks from an individual issue to one of
epidemiology and public health (U.S. National Library of Medicine,2012). One
year after the report’s release, Congress mandated health warnings on cigarette
packs. The warning from 1965 read: “CAUTION: CIGARETTE SMOKING MAY
BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH” (RJ Reynolds). Years later the
Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1984 required that cigarette
manufacturers and importers display four different Surgeon General’s warnings
on a quarterly rotating basis.
A Gallup Survey conducted in 1958 found that 44 percent of Americans
believed smoking caused cancer. However, ten years later, after the Surgeon
General’s warning was released, that percentage rose to 78 percent (U.S.
National Library of Medicine,2012). Though awareness of smoking risks rose it
did not necessarily lead to behavior change.
According to the most recent Surgeon General’s report from 2012, 99
percent of young adults who smoke started by the age of 26. Federal statistics
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indicate that most youth try their first cigarette between grades six through ten
(ages 11 to 15-years old) (Johnston,2008 ). More than one-third of all kids who
ever try a cigarette become daily smokers by the time they leave high school
(Khuder,1999).
Earlier initiation of smoking leads to greater potential problems including
larger consumption, longer duration of smoking and stronger nicotine
dependence (Khuder,1999) During the 1980s, smoking rates among adults were
steadily decreasing, however young rates remained stagnant (Johnston,2008 ).
In fact in the 1990s, the rate of youth smoking began to rise sharply
(Johnston,2010 ). According to CDC findings, in 1997, 70 percent of high school
students within the United States had tried smoking a cigarette. Of that 70
percent, almost 36 percent went on to smoke daily. The Monitoring the Future
survey on drug use also shed light on the issue of youth smoking by pointing out
that the rate of smoking among surveyed 8th and 10th grade students had risen
by half between 1991-1996 and the rate among 12th graders had risen by one
third between 1999-1997. (Johnston,2008 ).
Local
Most people know that smoking is bad for their health. But do they really
understand how dangerous smoking really is? Tobacco contains nicotine, a
highly addictive drug that makes it difficult for the smokers to kick the habit.
Tobacco products also contain many poisonous and harmful substances that
cause disease and premature death (Harry 2005). Smoking causes heart attacks
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and stroke, causes disease and is a slow way to die. It slowly rots the lungs. In
younger people, three (3) out of the four (4) deaths from heart disease are due to
smoking. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth
weight, prematurity and abortion. According to reports, ten (10) persons every
day in the Philippines are dying due to cancer caused by smoking. Every year,
hundreds of thousands of people around the world die from disease caused by
smoking cigarettes (Ordinance NO. 1S. 2012). In the study of Solas et.al (2011),
they found out that the populations at risk for new smoking behavior are children,
in particular teenage girls. A lifetime of cigarette smoking will shorten lifetime
expectancy by 10 years. On the other hand, smokers often say that smoking
keeps them alert and calm and it adds concentration. Some researchers assert
that tobacco’s calming effects simply result from alleviation of the nicotine
withdrawal syndrome (New Book of Knowledge, 2006).
In 2003, the Philippines enacted a smoke free law that restricts smoking in
enclosed public places and work places. Smoking areas are permitted in most
public places other than health care and educational facilities. In July 2011,
Manila implemented a smoke free ordinance for schools, gyms, parks, hospitals,
elevators and stairwells, of all buildings, buses and bus depots, restaurants, and
government facilities. The city of Las Piñas adopted a smoke free ordinance that
covers government workplaces and many public places. The local ordinance is
stronger than the national law, but still exempts many private workplaces and all
hospitality establishments (Rillorta, 2011).
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The City Government has to protect our environment and protect our
children, our youth, our women, the unborn and our constituents from the
pernicious effects of tobacco, cigarettes or their derivatives which has been
proven to produce cancer (Ordinance NO. 1S. 2012). The local government of
Batangas City share the same view about the alarming and disastrous effects of
smoking on health, therefore, the Sangguniang Panglungsod created an
ordinance called “The AntiSmoking Ordinance of 2012” or the No Smoking
Ordinance No. 1S.2012 with its noble objectives to promote the health and safety
of our people, particularly the protection of youth, children and the unborn from
the hazard of the cancer-producing habit of smokers.
This Ordinance of Batangas City shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its
complete publication in a newspaper of general circulation and compliance with
he posting required by Republic Act 7160. This ordinance was enacted by
SangguniangPanlungsod of Batangas City on 28th day of February 2012 and
approved on March 8, 2012 by Mayor Vilma A. Dimacuha (Ordinance NO. 1S.
2012). This however is not enough guarantee that the problem has been
addressed unless said ordinance was properly implemented, that the concerned
individuals are fully aware of its implementation, and that they are supportive of
its implementation. The researchers would like to gain fresh hand information
about the awareness of the public on the implementation of Anti-Smoking Policy
in Batangas City. For this reason, the researchers intend to contribute to effective
implementation of the said ordinance. Sangguniang Panlungsod of Batangas
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City. More so, the researchers believe that success in the implementation of any
Law or Ordinance requires two things: awareness and Obedience.
Synthesis
In review of the related literature and related studies in both foreign and
local contexts, it actually provided various data and information to present and
highlight the importance of the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinances
and policies which are practiced and imposed to help and respond the health
campaign and advocacy in promoting not only smoke-free community but also
quality life that each of the citizens deserved. Furthermore, the active
participation and cooperation of the health sectors and agencies in attaining and
meeting the needs of the community substantiates the effective role of the
government that concerns health and personality development and its continuous
support in establishing awareness to the local community in the implementation
of anti-smoking ordinance is very necessary.
In other words, these literatures in review highlighted the significance of
the study in giving emphasis to the appropriate implementation of ant-smoking
ordnance/policy in foreign and local contexts
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the research design, research locale, research
respondents, instrumentation, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study used quantitative and qualitative research design. Furthermore,
Questionnaires of this research in determining and identifying the huge impact
and outcomes with respect to the implementation of the Ordinance No.02 s, 2015
also known as “the Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance to the citizens in the
public and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
were randomly distributed to the 150 respondents and were retrieved, tabulated
and interpreted.
RESEARCH LOCALE
This study was actually conducted at the Barangay Telaje, Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur.
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RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The respondents of this study were the 50 local residents in the public and
private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur.
RESEARCH RESPONDENTS
The researchers have chosen randomly 50 local residents in the public
and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur to be
interviewed and to answer the questionnaire.
INSTRUMENTATION
The instrument used in gathering data was a checklist distributed to the
selected 50 local residents in the public and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje,
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur in response to the study entitled “Strict
implementation of Ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in Barangay
Telaje Tandag City”. Henceforth, the questionnaire is focused on the
demographic profile of the respondents, impact/implications of the ordinance,
level of awareness and outcomes/feedbacks of the implementation.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
A letter of request asking permission to conduct the study was sent to the
Office of the Dean of College of Arts and Sciences of Surigao del Sur State
University-Main Campus which allowed the student researchers to determine and
identify identifying the huge impact and outcomes with respect to the
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implementation of the Ordinance No.02 s, 2015 also known as “the
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance to the citizens in the public and private
vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur. After the approval
was secured, the questionnaires were distributed to the selected 150 local
residents in the public and private vicinities of Barangay Telaje, Tandag City,
Surigao del Sur.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
This study used the frequency and percentage distribution in analyzing
and interpreting the data gathered from the respondents. Furthermore, the
frequency distribution is used to describe the distribution and proportion of the
data covering the personal profile of the respondents. The distribution was
presented as relative frequencies. Also, the percent determined the equivalent of
frequency in term of hundred.
Weighted Mean: This will be used to determine the responses of the local
residents of Brgy. Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur with respect to their level
of awareness on the strict implementation of Ordinance No. 2 (Series of 2015)
also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag
City”
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Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter actually presents, analyzes and interprets the data or findings
of the present study.
A. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1 Respondents’ Age
Figure 1 Respondents’ Age
Table 1 and Figure 1 showed the distribution of the respondents’ age
which revealed that 20-25 years old with the total percentage of 39.30%, 26-30
Age Frequency Percentage
20-25 59 39.3%
26-30 38 25.3%
31-40 35 23.3%
40-above 18 12%
Total 150 100%
20-25 26-30 31-40 40-above
39.30%
25.30% 23.30%
12%
Age
20-25
26-30
31-40
40-above
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years old with the total percentage of 25.30%, 31-40 years old with the total
percentage of 23. 30%, 40-above years old with the total percentage of 12%. In
other words, most of the respondents’ age participated to this survey were 20-25
years old.
Table 2 Respondents’ Civil Status
Civil Status Frequency Percentage
Single 47 31.33%
Married 65 43.33%
Widowed 38 25.33%
Total 150 100%
Figure 2 Respondents’ Civil Status
Table 2 and Figure 2 showed the distribution of the respondent’s civil
status which revealed that single with the total percentage of 31.33%, Married
Single Married Widowed
31.33%
43.33%
25.33%
Civil Status
Single
Married
Widowed
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with the total percentage of 43.33% and Widowed with the total percentage of
25.33%. On the other hand, most of the respondents are Married.
Table 3 Respondents’ Sex
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 82 54.6%
Female 68 45.3%
Total 150 100%
Figure 3 Respondents’ Sex
Table 3 and Figure 3 showed the distribution of the respondents’ sex
which revealed that Male with the total percentage of 54.60% and Female with
the total percentage of 45.30%. On the other hand, most of the respondents are
Males.
Male Female
54.60%
45.30%
Sex
Male
Female
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Table 4 Respondents’ Income Level
Income Level Frequency Percentage
5 k 33 22%
5k-10k 54 35%
10 k-15k 63 42%
Total 150 100%
Figure 5 Respondents’ Income Level
Table 4 and Figure 4 showed the distribution of the respondents’ income
level which revealed that 5 K with the total percentage of 22%, 5k-10k with the
total percentage of 35% and 10k-15k with the total percentage of 42%. In other
words, most of the income levels of the respondents are from 10 k-15k.
22%
35%
42%
5 k 5k-10k 10k-15
Income Level
5 k
5k-10k
10k-15
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Table 5 The Respondents’ Educational Attainment
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage
College 72 48%
Secondary 46 30.6%
Elementary 32 21.3%
Total 150 100%
Figure 5 The Respondents’ Educational Attainment
Table 5 and Figure 5 showed the distribution of the respondents’
educational attainment which revealed that College with the total percentage of
48%, Secondary with the total percentage of 30.60% and Elementary with the
total percentage of 21.30%. In other words, most of the respondents’ educational
attainments are College.
College Secondary Elementary
48%
30.60%
21.30%
Educational Attainment
College
Secondary
Elementary
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Table 6 Employment Setting
Employment Setting Frequency Percentage
City 61 40.66%
Municipality 49 32.66%
Barrio 22 14.66%
Others 18 12%
Total 150 100%
Figure 6 Employment Setting
Table 6 and Figure 6 showed the distribution of the respondents’
employment setting which revealed that City with the total percentage of 40.66%,
Municipality with the total percentage of 32.66%, Barrio with the total percentage
of 14.66% and Others with the total percentage of 12%. On the other hand, most
of the respondents’ employment settings are from the City.
40.66%
32.66%
14.66%
12%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
City Municipality Barrio Others
Employment Setting
City
Municipality
Barrio
Others
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Table 7 Respondents’ Employment Type
Employment Type Frequency Percentage
Professional 110 73.33%
Self-Employed 40 26.66%
Total 150 100%
Figure 7 Respondents’ Employment Type
Table 7 and Figure 7 showed the distribution of the respondents’
employment type which revealed that Professional with the total percentage of
73.33% and Self-Employed with the total percentage of 26.66%. In other words,
most of the respondents’ employment type are Professional
Professional Self-Employed
73.33%
26.66%
Employment Type
Professional
Self-Employed
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B. Level of Awareness with respect to the Implementation of the Anti-
Smoking Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City.
Scale Range of Mean Verbal Description
1.0-1.66 Very Aware
1.67-2.33 Aware
2.34-3.0 Less Aware
Indicators Mean
Adjectival
Rating
1. The ordinance is clearly stated. 1.8 Aware
2. The ordinance is properly disseminated to the
community.
1.7 Aware
3. There is a strict implementation of the ordinance. 2.0 Aware
4. The ordinance is stated within the specific
boundaries and scope.
2.1 Aware
5. The ordinance is regularly being monitored. 2.2 Aware
6. The penalty is clearly stated and the public
knows it.
2.0 Aware
7. There is use of signage (tarpaulin, sign boards,
leaflets, etc.) in prohibiting smoking on
designated places.
1.3 Very Aware
8. There is a system followed in implementation. 1.8 Aware
9. There is enough number of personnel
implementing the ordinance.
2.1 Aware
10.The ordinance properly addressed its goals and
objectives to the public.
1.2 Very Aware
11.The ordinance intends to inform the public to the
dangers of smoking.
1.7 Aware
12.The ordinance promotes smoke-free community
to reinforce the national health campaign of the
Department of Health.
1.8 Aware
13.The ordinance strongly addressed the benefits
of the non-smoking community.
1.9 Aware
14.The ordinance clearly states the area/vicinity of
the implementation.
2.4 Less Aware
15.The ordinance guides and enlightens the public
to the smoking-free community in promoting
good health and wellness.
1.8 Aware
Grand Mean 1.8 Aware
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Table 1 showed the level of awareness in the Implementation the
Implementation of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City revealed
that there is use of signage (tarpaulin, sign boards, leaflets, etc.) in prohibiting
smoking on designated places and the ordinance properly addressed its goals
and objectives to the public with the total weighted mean of 1.3 and 1.2
respectively with the adjectival rating of Very Aware (VA). However, the
ordinance clearly states the area/vicinity of the implementation revealed with the
total weighted mean of 2.4 with the adjectival rating Less Aware (LA). In other
words, the level of awareness of the local residents with respect to the
implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City revealed
with the total weighted grand mean of 1.8 with the adjectival rating of Aware (A).
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Chapter 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
This chapter presents the summary of the results of the present study.
Furthermore, it articulates and emphasizes the conclusions and offers
recommendations to the said findings and conclusions of this study.
Summary of Findings
The study aims to determine the personal profile of the respondents and
the level of awareness with respect to the Implementation of the Anti-Smoking
Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City also known as Strict Implementation of
Ordinance no. 2 Series of 2015.
The following were the findings of the Study:
Demographic Profile of the Respondents. Respondents’ age revealed
that 20-25 years old with the total percentage of 39.30%, 26-30 years old with the
total percentage of 25.30%, 31-40 years old with the total percentage of 23. 30%,
40-above years old with the total percentage of 12%, Respondent’s civil status
revealed that single with the total percentage of 31.33%, Married with the total
percentage of 43.33% and Widowed with the total percentage of 25.33%,
Meanwhile, respondent’s civil status revealed that single with the total
percentage of 31.33%, Married with the total percentage of 43.33% and
Widowed with the total percentage of 25.33%, Respondents’ sex revealed that
Male with the total percentage of 54.60% and Female with the total percentage of
45.30%, respondents’ income level which revealed that 5 K with the total
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percentage of 22%, 5k-10k with the total percentage of 35% and 10k-15k with
the total percentage of 42%. Furthermore, respondents’ educational attainment
revealed that College with the total percentage of 48%, Secondary with the total
percentage of 30.60% and Elementary with the total percentage of 21.30%,
respondents’ employment setting revealed that City with the total percentage of
40.66%, Municipality with the total percentage of 32.66%, Barrio with the total
percentage of 14.66% and Others with the total percentage of 12%, respondents’
employment type revealed that Professional with the total percentage of 73.33%
and Self-Employed with the total percentage of 26.66%.
Level of Awareness with respect to the Implementation of the Anti-
Smoking Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City.
It showed the level of awareness in the Implementation of the Anti-Smoking
Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City revealed that there is use of signage (tarpaulin,
sign boards, leaflets, etc.) in prohibiting smoking on designated places and the
ordinance properly addressed its goals and objectives to the public with the total
weighted mean of 1.3 and 1.2 respectively with the adjectival rating of Very
Aware (VA). However, the ordinance clearly states the area/vicinity of the
implementation revealed with the total weighted mean of 2.4 with the adjectival
rating Less Aware (LA). In other words, the level of awareness of the local
residents with respect to the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in
Telaje, Tandag City revealed with the total weighted grand mean of 1.8 with the
adjectival rating of Aware (A).
Conclusions
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Based on the summary of findings, the following conclusions are hereby
drawn and presented:
In terms of the respondents’ profile, it signified that most of the
respondents’ age participated to this survey were 20-25 years old, Married,
Males, income levels of the respondents are from 10 k-15k, educational
attainments are College, employment settings are from the City, employment
type are professionals and the level of awareness of the local residents with
respect to the implementation of the anti-smoking ordinance in Telaje, Tandag
City revealed that the locals are aware of the implementation of the said city
ordinance.
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Recommendations
From the summary of findings/results of the study, the following
considerations are offered.
1. Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should promote Anti-
Smoking awareness to the public so that to attain a smoke-free community.
2. Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should provide information
to the public through information drive campaign in partnership with the local
government officials to help strengthened and reinforced the implementation
of the said ordinance effectively.
3. Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should encourage
individuals to fight smoking in order to empower healthy lifestyles.
4. Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should state clearly the
area/vicinity of the implementation so that the information will be properly
disseminated to the residents.
5. Strict Implementation of The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance in
Barangay Telaje, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur should continue addressed
its goals and objectives of the implementation for the benefit of the local
residents.
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References Cited
Sreeja VN (2014).Anti-Smoking Crusade Saved Millions Of American Lives;
Number Of Smokers Worldwide Hit 1 Billion; High Smoking Prevalence In China,
Russia Offsets Global Gains. Retrieved at:http://www.ibtimes.com/anti-smoking-
crusade-saved-millions-american-lives-number-smokers-worldwide-hit-1-
1531062 on August 12, 2015.
Advancing the enforcement of the smoking ban in public places– Davao City,
Philippines,http://www.who.int/kobe_centre/interventions/smoke_free/davao_city
_web_final.pdf
Anti Smoking Advertisement’s Message Valence: An Evaluation of its
Effectiveness to College Student Smokers Jauhn Etienne Villaruel, 2013 at
http://macrotheme.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/16VilMR27.32040811.pdf
Smoke Check: A Study on the Effects of NCR Male High S chool Students’
Exposure to and Recall of Anti -Smoking Advertisements to Their Perceptions of
and Attitudes toward Smoking, Joyce M. Aguillon and Precious B. Romano,
2012 at
http://iskwiki.upd.edu.ph/images/c/c7/Aguillon,Joyce_Mendoza%26Romano,Prec
ious_Barredo%3BApril_2012%3BA_Study_on_the_Effects_Anti-
Smoking_Ads.pdf
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APPENDICES
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A.Letter of Permission to the CAS Dean
February 12, 2016
NOELITO T. TOMAQUIN, Ph.D.
CAS Dean
This University
Sir:
Greetings.
The undersigned are the graduating students students of Surigao del Sur State
University Cagwait Campus taking up Bachelor of Political Science and are
presently enrolled in Research 2 ( Thesis Writing).
In this regard, we would like to request from your office to allow us conduct our
study for our Undergraduate Thesis entitled ““Anti-Smoking Policy through
Strict implementation of ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as
“The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City particularly
in Barangay Telaje Tandag Cityy” in partial fulfillment of the academic
requirements of the course.
Thank You in advanced for your positive response to this endeavor. More Power.
Trulyyours,
(SGD,) CARLO P.CABRERA
Researcher (SGD.) JERALD CRIS B. ELEGINO
Researcher
(SGD.) JULIUS A. MATURAN
Researcher (SGD MARK JAY C. RABAGO
Researcher
Noted
(SGD.) JOSELITO G. LUAREZ, Ph.D.
Thesis Adviser
Approved:
(SGD.) NOELITO T. TOMAQUIN, Ph.D.
CAS Dean
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A.Letter to the Thesis Adviser
February 12, 2016
LITA M PECASALES, Ph.D.
CAS Instructor
This University
Sir:
Greetings.
The undersigned are the graduating students students of Surigao del Sur State
University Cagwait Campus taking up Bachelor of Political Science and are
presently enrolled in Research 2 ( Thesis Writing).
We are writing to humbly request your good office to serve as our thesis adviser
for our thesis entitled “Anti-Smoking Policy through Strict implementation of
ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-
Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag
City” Moreover, we believe that your guidance, knowledge and assistance will
be valuable for the success of our undergraduate Thesis.
Thank You in advanced for your positive response to this endeavor. More Power.
Truly yours,
(SGD,) CARLO P.CABRERA
Researcher (SGD.) JERALD CRIS B. ELEGINO
Researcher
(SGD.) JULIUS A. MATURAN
Researcher (SGD.) MARK JAY C. RABAGO
Researcher
Noted
(SGD.) JOSELITO G. LUAREZ, Ph.D.
Thesis Adviser
Approved:
(SGD.) LITA M PECASALES, Ph.D.
Campus Directo
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C. Letter to the Statistician
January 29, 2016
DR. ALTHEA A. AZARCONc
CAS Instructor
This University
Sir:
Warmest greetings!
The undersigned are the graduating students students of Surigao del Sur State
University Cagwait Campus taking up Bachelor of Political Science and are
presently enrolled in Research 2 ( Thesis Writing).
We are writing to humbly request your good office to serve as our Statistician for
our thesis entitled “Anti-Smoking Policy through Strict implementation of
ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The Comprehensive Anti-
Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag
City” Moreover, we believe that your guidance, knowledge and assistance will
be valuable for the success of our undergraduate Thesis.
Anticipating for your positive response. Thank You and More Power!
Truly yours,
(SGD,) CARLO P.CABRERA
Researcher (SGD.) JERALD CRIS B. ELEGINO
Researcher
(SGD.) JULIUS A. MATURAN
Researcher (SGD.) MARK JAY C. RABAGO
Researcher
Noted
(SGD.) JOSELITO G. LUAREZ, Ph.D.
Thesis Adviser
Approved:
DR. ALTHEA A. AZARCONc
Statistician
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D. Letter to the Brgy. Captain
January 29, 2016
The Brgy. Captain
Telaje, Tandag City Surigao del Sur
Sir:
Warmest greetings!
The undersigned are the graduating students students of Surigao del Sur State
University Cagwait Campus taking up Bachelor of Political Science and are
presently enrolled in Research 2 ( Thesis Writing).
In this regard, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us
conduct our study for our Undergraduate Thesis entitled “Anti-Smoking Policy
through Strict implementation of ordinance no. 2 (Series of 2015) also
known as “The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City
particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag City” in your locality. Moreover, the
findings of this study will be beneficial to your community so that we can address
concerns to your local government in the Implementation of Anti-Smoking Policy.
Anticipating for your positive response. Thank You and More Power!
Truly yours,
(SGD,) CARLO P.CABRERA
Researcher (SGD.) JERALD CRIS B. ELEGINO
Researcher
(SGD.) JULIUS A. MATURAN
Researcher (SGD.) MARK JAY C. RABAGO
Researcher
Noted
(SGD.) JOSELITO G. LUAREZ, Ph.D.
Thesis Adviser
Approved:
Hon. Brgry Captain
Brgy. Captain
60. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
60
E. Questionnaire ( Bisaya)
Oktobre 5, 2015
Sir/Madam:
Maayong Adlaw
I Isa sa mga kinahanglan alang sa mga mu-gradweyt ang pagsulat og
thesis. Karon, nagsugod na kami sa paghimo sa amoa thesis sa titulo na
““Strict implementation of Ordinance No. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as
“The Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City”
particularly in Barangay Telaje Tandag City”. Tungod ini, kami nangayo sa
inyoha og suporta alang sa pagtubag gamit ang kwesyuner sa ubos og kami
magpasalamatun kun unsa ang inyoha matabang alang sa kalambuan sa amoa
thesis.
Daghang salamat.
Matinahuron,
Carlo P. Cabrera
Jerald Cris B. Elagino
Julius A. Maturan
Mark Jay C. Rabago
I. Ang Propayl
Direksyon: Isulat ang mga impormasyon mahitungod sa imohang
nasabtan/nahibalohan.
A. Personal Information:
A.1 Ngalan (Opsyunal): ____________________A.6 Natawhan: ____________
A.2 Asa nagpuyo: ______________________________A.6 Asa gianak: ______
A.3 Edad: _____________ Sibil Status: __________________A.7 Sex: _______
A.4 Nasyunalidad: ___________ Trabaho: ___________A.8 Lang. Spoken and
Written:__________A.5 Spouse (If Married):__________________A.9 Pila
katuig na puyo ini lugar: _____________A.10 Abot () 5,000 and below () 5,000-
10,000 () 10,000-15,000 () others please specify______A.11 Pila membro sa
pamilya____________B. Edukasyon/Grado:
61. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
61
B.1 Katas-unon sa pag-edukasyon nga naabot
() College () Secondary () Elementary () Others please
specify____________________
B.2 Kurso: _______________________Year Graduated: __________________
B.3 School/University na migradweyt: __________________________________
C. Trabaho:
C.1 Lugar sa trabaho () City () Municipality () Barrio () Others
please specify: ____
C.2 Klase sa trabaho () Professional () Self-Employed () Others
please specify:______
D. Lebel sa Pagkabalo sa Pag-implementar sa Ordinansa nga tseklis
Direction: I-tsek (/) gamit ang kwesyuner/tseklis sa ubos mahitungod sa sa pag-
implementar sa Ordinansa nga pag-dili sa Sigarilyo sa Telaje, Tandag City.
1. Ang ordinansa sa pag-implemetar og dili
manigarilyo sa Telaje, Tandag City klaro.
Kabalo Wala
kayo
kabalo
2. Ang ordinansa naghatag impormasyon sa
katawhan.
3. Strikto matang sa implementar sa Telaje,
Tandag City.
4. Ang ordinansa nagsubay og nagsunod kun asa
ra dapit kini implemetar.
5. Ang ordinansa kanunay gi-monitor sa mga
katawhan/opisyales sa Tandag.
6. Ang ordinansa may iyaha penalty/fines kun dile
ine sundun.
7. Ang ordinansa gisulat siya mga tarpaulin og
gibutang ini sa mga lugar nga daghay tawo.
8. Ang ordinansa nagsubay sa legal na pag-
implementar.
9. Ang ordinansa may mga personnel para pag-
implementar ine.
10.Ang ordinansa naghatag og giya para
paghibalo sa katawhan ang dile
pagpanigarilyo.
11.Ang ordinansa naghatag impormasyon sa
62. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
62
katawhan sa Telaje, Tandag City.
12.Ang ordinansa mi-suporta sa kampanya sa
Department of Health alang sa pagdile og
panigariyo.
13.Ang ordinansa naghatod ug klaro na
impormsyon matang sa dile pagpanigarilyo sa
Telaje, Tandag City.
14.Ang ordinansa may iyaha limitasyon/kabereds
kun sa ra ini i-implementar
15.Ang ordinansa naghatag og giya sa katawhan
na ginadile ang pagpanigarilyo sa Telaje,
Tanga City.
Total
Komento:_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Daghang salamat sa inyoha suporta!
___________________
Signature Over Name
Date Signed:
___________________
63. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
63
E. Questionnaire ( English)
October 5, 2015
Sir/Madam:
Warmest greetings!
One of the academic requirements of the graduating students is thesis
writing. We are presently working with our thesis entitled “Strict
implementation of Ordinance No. 2 (Series of 2015) also known as “The
Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Ordinance of Tandag City” particularly in
Barangay Telaje Tandag City”. Anent to this, we would like to ask your
support and assistance to answer the attached questionnaire to the best of your
knowledge and belief. Rest assured that any response will be held with utmost
confidentiality.
Thank you so much and God bless!
Very truly yours,
Carlo P. Cabrera
Jerald Cris B. Elagino
Julius A. Maturan
Mark Jay C. Rabago
I. THE PROFILE.
General Directions: Fill out completely, accurately and legibly in ink or
typewriter and check (/) the items that follow for your choices/preferences.
A. Personal Information:
A.1 Name: ___________________ A.6 Birthdate: _______________________
A.2 Present Address: ____________________A.6 Birthplace: ______________
A.3 Age: _____________ Civil Status: ________________A.7 Sex: _________
A.4 Citizenship: ___________ Occupation: ___________A.8 Lang. Spoken and
Written:___________A.5 Spouse (If Married):_______________________A.9
Length of Residency: _____________A.10 Income Level () 5,000 and below ()
5,000-10,000 () 10,000-15,000 () others please specify______A.11 Number of
family members____________
B. Educational Background:
64. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
64
B.1 Highest Education Attainment:
() College () Secondary () Elementary () Others please
specify____________________
B.2 Degree/Course: ________________________________Year Graduated:
___________________B.3 School/University Attended/Graduated:
_______________________________________________
C. Employment Background:
C.1 Place of Work () City () Municipality () Barrio () Others please
specify: _________
C.2 Type of Work () Professional () Self-Employed () Others please
specify:___________
D. Level of Awareness Checklist
Direction: Check (/) the matrix the below to indicate your awareness to the
implementation of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance in Telaje, Tandag City.
1. The ordinance is clearly stated. Aware Less
Aware
Very
Aware
2. The ordinance is properly disseminated to the
community.
3. There is a strict implementation of the
ordinance.
4. The ordinance is stated within the specific
boundaries and scope.
5. The ordinance is regularly being monitored.
6. The penalty is clearly stated and the public
knows it.
7. There is use of signage (tarpaulin, sign
boards, leaflets, etc..) in prohibiting smoking
on designated places.
8. There is a system followed in implementation.
9. There is enough number of personnel
implementing the ordinance.
10.The ordinance properly addressed its goals
and objectives to the public.
11.The ordinance intends to inform the public to
the dangers of smoking.
65. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
65
12.The ordinance promotes smoke-free
community to reinforce the national health
campaign of the Department of Health.
13.The ordinance strongly addressed the
benefits of the non-smoking community.
14.The ordinance clearly states the area/vicinity
of the implementation.
15.The ordinance guides and enlightens the
public to the smoking-free community in
promoting good health and wellness.
Total
Comments:________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Thank you so much for support and assistance. God bless you!
______________
_____
Signature Over
Name
Date Signed:
___________________
66. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
66
c
CURRICULUM VITAE
67. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
67
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Name : Angelito T. Pera
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Birthdate : July 16, 1989
Birthplace : Cagayan de Oro City
Home Address : Dawis, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Mr. Victor P. Pera
Mother’s Name : Mrs. Lorena T.Pera
Guardian’s Name : Mr. Bernardo A. Villa
Educational Background
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
Surigao del Sur State University-Main Campus
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
A.Y. 2016-Present
Secondary : Bulua National High School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Elementary : Camp Evangelista Elementary School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006
68. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
68
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Name : Angelito T. Pera
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Birthdate : July 16, 1989
Birthplace : Cagayan de Oro City
Home Address : Dawis, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Mr. Victor P. Pera
Mother’s Name : Mrs. Lorena T.Pera
Guardian’s Name : Mr. Bernardo A. Villa
Educational Background
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
Surigao del Sur State University-Main Campus
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
A.Y. 2016-Present
Secondary : Bulua National High School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Elementary : Camp Evangelista Elementary School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006
69. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
69
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Name : Angelito T. Pera
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Birthdate : July 16, 1989
Birthplace : Cagayan de Oro City
Home Address : Dawis, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Mr. Victor P. Pera
Mother’s Name : Mrs. Lorena T.Pera
Guardian’s Name : Mr. Bernardo A. Villa
Educational Background
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
Surigao del Sur State University-Main Campus
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
A.Y. 2016-Present
Secondary : Bulua National High School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Elementary : Camp Evangelista Elementary School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006
70. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
70
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Name : Angelito T. Pera
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Birthdate : July 16, 1989
Birthplace : Cagayan de Oro City
Home Address : Dawis, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Mr. Victor P. Pera
Mother’s Name : Mrs. Lorena T.Pera
Guardian’s Name : Mr. Bernardo A. Villa
Educational Background
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
Surigao del Sur State University-Main Campus
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
A.Y. 2016-Present
Secondary : Bulua National High School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Elementary : Camp Evangelista Elementary School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006
71. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
71
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Name : Angelito T. Pera
Age : 26 years old
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Birthdate : July 16, 1989
Birthplace : Cagayan de Oro City
Home Address : Dawis, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Mr. Victor P. Pera
Mother’s Name : Mrs. Lorena T.Pera
Guardian’s Name : Mr. Bernardo A. Villa
Educational Background
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
Surigao del Sur State University-Main Campus
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
A.Y. 2016-Present
Secondary : Bulua National High School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2012-2013
Elementary : Camp Evangelista Elementary School
Cagayan de Oro City
S.Y. 2005-2006
72. Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Tandag City
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
72