The document provides an overview of the Roman Republic from approximately 800 BC to 100 AD. It summarizes the key events and developments during this period, including the founding of Rome, the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC, the expansion of Roman territory through military conquests and citizenship grants, the Punic Wars against Carthage, the rise of prominent political figures like the Gracchi brothers and Marius, the civil wars between Marius, Sulla, and Pompey, and the dictatorship of Julius Caesar. The document uses maps, timelines, and images to illustrate the people and places involved in the rise and functioning of the Roman Republic.

1. The Roman Republic
Week 10

2. Homework
• Textbook: Ch 5
• Canvas Quiz: 11/3
“Lady Playing the Cithara,” Pompeii, 1st C. BC

3. Overview
• c. 800 BC – AD 100
• Geography
• Early Rome
• Etruscans
• The Roman
Republic
• Expansion
• The 1st Triumvirate
The Roman Forum

4. Origins of Rome
• Location & Geography
– Italy
– Mediterranean Sea
– Tiber River
– Seven Hills
– Neighbors
• Latium
• Romulus and Remus, 753
BC
• Etruscans
– Tarquin the Proud Funeral Hut Urn, 9th C. BC, Lazio, Italy

5. The Italian Peninsula

6. Rome

7. The Capitoline Wolf Suckling Romulus and
Remus, Central Italian, AD late 15th or 16th C.

8. Etruscan Art
Tomb of the Leopards,
c. 480 BC, Tarquinia
Tomb of Hunting and Fishing,
c. 520 BC, Tarquinia

9. Tarquin and
Lucretia,
c. AD 1700,
Crespi

10. The Roman Republic, c. 509 BC
• “res publica”
• Imperium
• Ladder of Offices
– Quaestor
– Aedile
– Praetor
– Consul
• Senate
• SPQR
• Dictator
• Patricians & Plebeians Lictors with Fasces

11. The Legend of Cincinnatus
Juan Antonio Ribera, c. 1806

12. Who is this?
• George Washington
by Horatio Greenough,
1840

13. Roman Society
• Classes
– Patricians
– Plebeians
• Values
– Mos Maiorum
– Pietas
• Family Life
– Patria Potestas
– Women
• Religion
– Pontifex Maximus
– Vestal Virgins
Roman Aristocrat, c. 1st C. BC

14. Struggle of the Orders
• Roman military system
• Tribune, 494 BC
• Plebeian Assembly, 471
BC
• 12 Tables, 450 BC
• Canulean Law, 445 BC
• Consulship Opened,
300s BC
• Hortensian Law, 287 BC

15. Rome Expands
• 392 BC, Veii
• 387 BC, Gauls
• 338 BC, Latins
• 280 BC, Samnites
• c. 265 BC, Italy
• Italian allies
• Citizens
• Colonies
• Why?

16. Punic Wars
• Carthage
– Phoenician
• 1st Punic War, 264-241 BC
• 2nd Punic War, 218-202 BC
– Hannibal Barca (247-183
BC)
– Saguntum
– 216 BC, Battle of Cannae
• 3rd Punic War, 149-146 BC
– Cato the Elder
• Hellenistic East

17. The 2nd Punic War (218-202 BC)
Hannibal, 1st C. BC

18. Changes in Roman Society
• Proconsul
• Economy
• Military
• Latifundia
• Landless peasants
• New classes:
– Nobiles
– Equestrians Roman Conquests, 264–133 B.C.

19. Reform and Corruption
• Optimates and Populares
• Tiberius Gracchus (163-133
BC)
– Tribune 133-132 BC
• Gaius Gracchus (154-121
BC)
– Tribune, 122 BC
– Martial Law
Gracchi Brothers,
Eugene Guillaume, 1853

20. Civil War
• Marius (157-86 BC)
– Military Reforms
– Consul
• The Social War (91 – 88
BC)
• Mithradates (120 – 63
BC)
• Sulla (138-78 BC)
– Dictator, 83 BC
• Roman Constitution
Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the
Horatii, 1784

21. 1st Triumvirate, 62-53 BC
• Third Servile War
(73-71 BC)
• Triumvirs
– Pompey the Great (106-48
BC)
– Crassus (115-53 BC)
– Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
• Invasion of Gaul
(59 – 51 BC)
– 55 BC, crosses Rhine
– 55 BC, 54 BC, Britain
– 52 BC, Battle of Alesia
– The Gallic Wars

22. Appian Way

23. Gaius Julius Caesar

24. Julius Caesar
• 53 BC, Crassus dies
• 49 BC, Rubicon River
• 48 BC, Battle of
Pharsalus
• Dictator
– 49 BC
– For 10 years, 47 BC
– For life, 44 BC
• Reforms
• 44 BC, Assassination
– Brutus and Cassius
Roman Coin, Minted by Brutus, 43-42 BC