The document provides an overview of the Greek civilization from 3000 BC to 350 BC. It summarizes the Bronze Age civilizations of Minoans and Mycenaeans, followed by the Archaic Age defined by the rise of city-states and democracy in Athens. It then details the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC, including major battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, which resulted in repelling the Persian invasion. Finally, it discusses the Golden Age of Athens under Pericles and the onset of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta in 431 BC.
2. • 3 0 0 0 B C – 3 5 0 B C
• I N T R O D U C T I O N
• B R O N Z E & A R C H A I C A G E
• S P A R T A
• A T H E N S
• T H E P E R S I A N W A R S
• T H E G O L D E N A G E
Overview
Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy,
c. 540-530 BC
14. Dark Ages, c. 1200 – c. 800 BC
Sea Peoples
Iron Age
Phoenician Alphabet
Homer
8th century BC
Iliad and Odyssey
Aristocrats
Heroes
Arete
Achilles
Human Beings
Homer by Jean-Baptiste
Auguste Leloir, 1841
17. The Bible, Genesis 1:1-5 The Iliad, Book 1, L 1-6
"In the beginning, when God created
the heavens and the earth — and the
earth was without form or shape, with
darkness over the abyss and a mighty
wind sweeping over the waters—
Then God said: Let there be light, and
there was light. God saw that the
light was good. God then separated
the light from the darkness. God
called the light 'day,' and the darkness
he called 'night.' Evening came, and
morning followed—the first day.”
“Sing, O goddess, the wrath of
Achilles son of Peleus, that brought
countless ills upon the Achaeans.
Many a brave soul did it send
hurrying down to Hades, and many
a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and
vultures, for so were the counsels of
Zeus fulfilled from the day on which
the son of Atreus, king of men, and
great Achilles, first fell out with one
another.”
Founding Documents
18. Archaic Age,
c. 800 BC –
500 BC
• Warfare
• Chariots
• Hoplites
• Phalanx
• Aristocrats
• Farmers
• Property
Chigi Vase, 640 BC
19. The Archaic Age (800 – 500 BC)
The Polis
Oikos
Oligarchy
Citizenship
Classes:
Aristocrats/oligarchs
Farmers
Poor
Non-citizens
Slaves
Colonization
Ionian League
Miletus
22. Reactions to Oligarchy
Tyrants
Corinth
Cypselus
Trade
Oligarchy
Sparta
Athens
Democracy
The Tyrannicides, Kritios and
Nesiotes, c. 477 BC
23. Sparta
Lycurgus, c. 700 BC
Mobilized
Messenia
The Agoge
3 classes
Citizens/Spartiates
Periokoi
Helots
Government
Kings
Council of Elders
Ephors
Assembly
The Peloponnesian League
24. Athenian Democracy
Oligarchy
Pisistratus, 560 BC
Cleisthenes, 508 BC
Government:
Aereopagus
Council of 500
The Assembly
10 Generals
Ostracism
Jury Trials
29. The Persian Empire
Late 6th century BC
Indo-European
Cyrus the Great (r. 559 –
530 BC)
Satrap and Satrapy
Immortals
Zoroastrianism
Zoroaster
Ahura Mazda
Angra Mainyu/Ahriman
Avesta
Magi
Tomb of Cyrus the Great
32. The Persian Wars
Darius I the Great
(r. 521-486 BC)
Ionian Revolt
(499-494 BC)
Athens
1st Persian Invasion
Battle of Marathon
(490 BC)
Pheidippides
51. The Golden Age of Athens
Persian threat
Delian League, 478-7 BC
Treasury, 454 BC
Pericles (495 – 429 BC)
Athenian Navy
Aspasia
Hetairai
Culture
Socrates
Drama
The Acropolis and the
Parthenon
Pericles, 440 – 430 BC
(Roman copy, 2nd C AD)
54. Athens and Sparta
Tension
30 Years’ Peace, 446 BC
Corcyra, 435 BC
The Peloponnesian War,
431-404 BC
Causes
Democracy vs. Oligarchy
Plaster cast of marble relief, Mausoleum,
Turkey, c. 350 BC
55. The Peloponnesian War
Strategies?
Long Walls
Major events
430 BC, plague
421 BC, Peace of Nicias
Nicias (470 – 413 BC)
416 BC, Siege of Melos
415-413 BC, Sicilian
Expedition
406 BC, Battle of Arginusae
405 BC, Battle of
Aegospotami
Alcibiades, c. 450 – 404 BC
56. The Peloponnesian War
Greek Herm
Jean-Baptiste Regnault, Socrates
dragging Alcibiades from the
Embrace of Sensual Pleasure, 1791