2. Timeline of periods and events in Roman history
Foundation
of Rome
MONARCHY
753 BC
The Republic
is established in Rome
REPUBLIC
509 BC
Begining of the First
Punic War
264 B.C.
Begining of the Second
Punic War
218 B.C.
Ceasar starts
The conquest
of Gaul
58 B.C.
Begining of the Third
Punic War
149 B.C.
3. E M P I R E
Octavian Augustus,
First emperor
27 B.C.
Edict of Caracalla Roman citezenship
For all free men in the Empire
212 AD
Edict of Thessalonica
Emperor Theodosius
Declares Christianty the official
religion of the Empire
380 AD
Edict of Milan.
Emperor Constantine
Christianty no longer
suffers persecution
313 AD
4. EASTER
EMPIRE
WESTER
EMPIRE
GERMANIC KINGDOMS
MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN
KINGDOM
Fall of
The Western
Roman Empire
476 AD
1453 AD
BYZANCE
End of the Eastern
Roman Empire
Justinian
6. The Pax Romana
• The Pax Romana( Roman Peace)
• Is the period between the first and second Century AD,
when the Roman Empire reached its maximun expansion
and enjoyed peace inside its frontiers.
• Romans conquered although they introduced
Romanisation: Towns, Latin Language and Roads
12. The crisis of the third century
• Political crisis
The Roman legions suffered
their first defeats by the
barbarians.
• Economic crisis
The conquest ended there were
fewer slaves to work. The
empire became poorer.
• Social crisis
Taxes increased and this caused
migration from the towns to
the country.
13. THE END OF THE WESTERN ROMAN
EMPIRE
Atila king of the huns
ODOACRE,
LEADER OF THE
HERULI , PUT AND
END TO THE
WESTERN ROMAN
IN 476
14. The economy
• The Roman economy
was built on slaves; It
was based mainly on
the generalised use of
slaves to work both in
agricultural as well as
urban activities
Farming: Mediterranean crop
The mining and crafts
Craftwork and Commercial activity
15. Roman Society
• There were two groups:
• The citizens: When the plebeians were
given the same political rights as the
patrician, social division was based on
wealth.
• The non citizen:
• Conquered population
• Foreigners.
• Freedmen. Slaves that had been freed
by the owners( manumission)
• Slaves.
16. Lares
Roman gods and worship
Jano
Official religion
Claudius as a god
Private religion
Manes Penates
17. ARCHITECTURE
• The architecture was practical and
functional. They learnt to absorb
influences like Greeks, and adapt them
to their needs
• Materials: stone, bricks and concrete
• The ceilings were flat and supported by
columns.
• They also used arches and domes.
• Religious buildings: temples and
tombs( catacombs)
• Public buildings:
Circuses, amphitheatres, theatres and
therms
23. ROMAN ENGINEERING
• The Romans left roads, bridges and
aqueducts, as part of their legacy
24. Sculpture
• Sculpture copied Greek
models, but developes
two new genres.
• The portrait( funerary
masks for the dead very
realistic)
• The historical relief
( used to decorate public
buildings)
25. PAINTINGS AND MOSAICS
• The paintings that survive are
frescoes, used to decorate the walls
of Roman Villas.
• The mosaics were made with
small pieces of coloured stone
and were used to decorate floors.
MOSAICS
27. A little contest…
1 What form of government started with
Augustus?
2 What is Roman Peace?
3 When did the expansion of the empire end?
Give three causes for it.
4 Which emperor divided the Empire? Why did
he do this?
5 Which two groups comprised Roman society?
28. 6 Name two Roman contributions to culture.
7 Which materials did Roman use for
construction?
8 which two new types of scupture did the
Romans develop?
9 What part of the house was dcorate with
paintings? What part was decorate with
mosaics?
29. Look al the illustrations and classify
them:
• Sculpture, Portrait, Historical relief, Mosaic
1
2
3
4
